The observation by CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, of the Higgs boson was hailed as one of the most significant scientific events of recent times. What is the Higgs, why is it so important, and what does the observation of this particle mean for our understanding of the universe? These questions and more are addressed in this colloquium. Professor Gates, a recipient of the National Medal of Science from the President and member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, is widely known for his ability to explain complex scientific ideas to the public