Timbuktu (UNESCO/NHK)
Home of the prestigious Koranic Sankore University and other madrasas, Timbuktu was an intellectual and spiritual capital and a centre for the propagation of Islam throughout Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its three great mosques, Djingareyber, Sankore and Sidi Yahia, recall Timbuktu's golden age. Although continuously restored, these monuments are today under threat from desertification.
Source: UNESCO TV / © NHK Nippon Hoso Kyokai
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Mali: A Timbuktu Adventure: Any peace to keep? BBC News
Join the BBC behind the scenes in Timbuktu on patrol with the most dangerous UN peacekeeping mission in the world. Watch spectacular video footage where UN peacekeepers are taking on bandits, drug smugglers, human traffickers and Islamic extremists on the edge of the Sahara.
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Myth of foreign origin or domination of Mali culture - Also Myth of Arabs bringing Mali architecture
To show the spread of ideas as going in both directions
Timbuctoo the mysterious By Félix Dubois
The scholars of Timbuctoo yielded in nothing to the saints and their miracles. During their sojourns in the foreign universities of Fez, Tunis, and Cairo, ' they astounded the most learned men of Islam by their erudition.' That these negroes were on a level with the Arabian savants is proved by the fact that they were installed as professors in Morocco and Egypt. In contrast to this we find that the Arabs were not always equal to the requirements of Sankore. ' A celebrated jurist of Hedjaz (Arabia), arriving in Timbuctoo with the intention of teaching, found the town full of Sudanese scholars. Observing them to be his superiors in knowledge, he withdrew to Fez, where he succeeded in obtaining employment.'
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This article discusses the myth of an introduction of architecture to Mali from outsiders Al-Sahili : the historian's myth of architectural technology transfer from North Africa by Suzan B. Aradeon
Read this translation of Ibn Khaldun The Negroland of the Arabs examined and explained page 61-65. Ibn Khaldun NEVER said architecture in west Africa was introduced by outsiders. He also makes it clear this part of Africa already had great cities and WAS NOT developed because of Arab involvement.
Page 64 in this book you see Ibn Khaldun said showed a model for an edifice other translations that say introduce architecture are wrong
On page 61 Ibn Khaldun starts out:
When the conquest of the West (by the Arabs) was completed, and merchants began to penetrate into the interior, they saw no nation of the Blacks so mighty as Ghanah, the dominions of which extended westward as far as the Ocean. The King's court was kept in the city of Ghanah, which, according to the author of the Book of Roger (El Idrisi), and the author of the Book of Roads and Realms (El Bekri), is divided into two parts, standing on both banks of the Nile, and ranks among the largest and most populous cities of the world.
Video is from Paradise Found - Islamic Architecture from Timbuktu to Asia by Waldemar Januszczak
The mosque of Djene goes in well as an example African art, the community together working with mud looks like fun
Can see the whole video link bellow:
About what the narrator said regarding the age of Djene, I feel obliged to point out Kerma is thousands of years older
The Coolest Stuff on the Planet - The Great Mosque of Djenne
If you like mud and you like architecture, this episode of The Coolest Stuff on the Planet is a must-see. Join Matt and Rachel on a virtual tour of the world's biggest mud structure -- the Great Mosque of Djenne in Mali, West Africa.
Timbuktu's disappearing gold
Timbuktu, a city classed as a world heritage site since only 1988, was founded around a thousand years ago by Tuareg nomads. Later it became part of the Mali Empire. Its illustrious mosques and shrines - Djinguereber, Sidi Yahya and Sankore - are among the treasures of Timbuktu.
What has happened to this repository of historic knowledge, or will happen, is very worrying to guardians of scholarship the world over.
When the Ansar Dine Islamists took control of the city last year, they destroyed tombs of Sufi saints which the hardliners condemned as structures of idolatry.
Shortly before this, UNESCO had warned against it, yet to no avail. It sounded the alarm over the sack of Timbuktu.
Last July, UNESCO Director General Irina Bokova said: We are very concerned about what happens in Mali. We are extremely concerned about the destruction; it's a World Heritage Site. There are mausoleums, mosques and manuscripts which represent an enormous value for humanity.
Estimates of the number of manuscripts vary, but some sources say as many as 700,000 were collected in Timbuktu over centuries - Islamic and pre-Islamic - kept by families over many generations, and covering a vast variety of knowledge, including astronomy, law, medicine, mathematics and religion.
Twenty kilometres north of the River Niger on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, Timbuktu thrived on salt, spices, gold, ivory and slave trading routes.
While priceless cargoes were caravanned to and from all points of the compass, little by little the inestimable records of culture concentrated.
Ali Ould Sidi of the Timbuktu Cultural Mission in 2008 said: The nomads had moving libraries. When a camp struck, they buried manuscripts in leather sacks, and the people went on their way. Coming back months later, they knew the land and would dig up their library again. Some of them still have them, but in pitiful condition.
Humidity and parasites are age-old enemies of the ancient writings, and now war. Army sources say fleeing militants targeted a building housing manuscripts and set in on fire.
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Timbuktu Mosque Documentary | Urdu | Hindi |
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Djinguereber Mosque
The Djinguereber Mosque in Timbuktu, Mali is a famous learning center of Mali built in 1327, and cited as Djingareyber or Djingarey Ber in various languages. Its design is accredited to Abu Es Haq es Saheli who was paid 200 kg of gold by Musa I of Mali, emperor of the Mali Empire.
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Djenna Mosque in Timbuktu - Mali | Islamic Videos
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World's Largest Mosque | Dunia ki Sab Se Bari Masjid | in Urdu Hindi
As one of the wonders of Africa, and one of the most unique religious buildings in the world, the Great Mosque of Djenné, in present-day Mali, is also the greatest achievement of Sudano-Sahelian architecture. It is also the largest mud-built structure in the world.
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Restored mosque unveiled in Timbuktu
Malian authorities have unveiled an ancient mosque restored to its former glory. The mosque was destroyed by jihadists. The doors of the revered 15th-century Sidi Yahia mosque were unveiled in the ancient city of Timbuktu.city. Around 100 of Mali's political and religious leaders, and representatives from world heritage body UNESCO attended. Sidi Yahia was among several sites in Timbuktu attacked by Al-Qaeda-linked Ansar Dine in 2012. The group considered the city's mausoleums idolatrous according under Sharia law.
Islamist rebels wrecking Timbuktu shrines and Mosques in 2012 - Daily Mail
Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi (left and right) had pleaded guilty and expressed remorse for his role in overseeing the destruction of nine mausoleums sand a mosque door (inset) in Timbuktu, Mali in 2012. But he was sentenced today for committing a war crime by attacking the protected sites - a landmark ruling by the International Criminal Court that experts hope will send a strong message to safeguard the world's ancient monuments. Al-Qaeda-linked rebels occupied the famed Saharan city in 2012 and enforced a strict interpretation of Islamic law that included destruction of the historic mud-brick mausoleums they considered idolatrous. Al Mahdi was leader of one of the 'morality brigades' set up by Timbuktu's new rulers.
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mali (video expedition) #21 timbuktu - taliban school
We continue our guide tour of Timbuktu and attend a Madras - a Koranic school for orphaned boys then head out towards Gordon Liang's house.
BBC The Lost Libraries of Timbuktu
The story of legendary Timbuktu and its long-hidden legacy of hundreds of thousands of ancient manuscripts. With its university founded around the same time as Oxford, Timbuktu is proof that the reading and writing of books have long been as important to Africans as to Europeans.
Mali , Timbuktu ... meczet Dżingereber .. Mosque Djingereber...
Timbuktu, Mali
Les trois (03) plus grandes mosquées de Tombouctou (Mali)
Timbuktu, Mali - New7Wonders World Tour
The World Tour visited the only sub-Saharan African candidate, Timbuktu, as the first of its 2007 stops. Following a reception in the cabinet of the Prime Minister of Mali, Ousmane Issoufi Maiga, in Mali’s capital Bamako, with the Ministers of Culture, Information and Tourism present, the visit to the legendary city in the desert was very celebratory.
Many prominent officials, including the Governor of the region of Timbuktu, the city’s mayor – who received the official certificate of candidacy – and the renowned Three Imams of Timbuktu, attended to congratulate the city and call for votes from all friends of Africa. Thousands of residents also came to celebrate during a jubilant African festival that was staged to commemorate Timbuktu’s candidacy in the city’s main square.
Bernard Weber was honored with the “white turban” and honorary
doctorate by the Three Imans, together with the dean of the famous
Sankore Koran and Science University, one of the oldest Universities in
the world.During the press conference, Bernard Weber noted that many people around the world use the name “Timbuktu” to mean a very remote place. Yet the truth is that Timbuktu symbolizes many things that can make Africans proud: bringing together not only the ancient and the modern, but also influences from throughout Africa and beyond Africa. Timbuktu, with its origins at the crossroads of several major ancient trade routes, stands as a monument to tolerance. As the site of one of the world’s first universities and ancient mosques, Timbuktu wants to point Africa and the world toward wisdom and peaceful spiritual values.
The Great Mosque in Djenné, Mali - The biggest mud structure
The best of TIMBUKTU, MALI - West Africa
Timbuktu formerly also spelled Timbuctoo and Timbuktoo, is a city in the West African nation of Mali situated 20 km (12 mi) north of the River Niger on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. The town is the capital of the Timbuktu Region, one of the eight administrative regions of Mali. It had a population of 54,453 in the 2009 census.
Starting out as a seasonal settlement, Timbuktu became a permanent settlement early in the 12th century. After a shift in trading routes, Timbuktu flourished from the trade in salt, gold, ivory and slaves. It became part of the Mali Empire early in the 14th century. In the first half of the 15th century the Tuareg tribes took control of the city for a short period until the expanding Songhai Empire absorbed the city in 1468. A Moroccan army defeated the Songhai in 1591, and made Timbuktu, rather than Gao, their capital.
The invaders established a new ruling class, the arma, who after 1612 became virtually independent of Morocco. However, the golden age of the city was over and it entered a long period of decline. Different tribes governed until the French took over in 1893, a situation that lasted until it became part of the current Republic of Mali in 1960. Presently, Timbuktu is impoverished and suffers from desertification.
In its Golden Age, the town's numerous Islamic scholars and extensive trading network made possible an important book trade: together with the campuses of the Sankore Madrasah, an Islamic university, this established Timbuktu as a scholarly centre in Africa. Several notable historic writers, such as Shabeni and Leo Africanus, have described Timbuktu. These stories fueled speculation in Europe, where the city's reputation shifted from being extremely rich to being mysterious. This reputation overshadows the town itself in modern times, to the point where it is best known in Western culture as an expression for a distant or outlandish place.
On 1 April 2012, one day after the capture of Gao, Timbuktu was captured from the Malian military by the Tuareg rebels of the MNLA and Ansar Dine.[2] Five days later, the MNLA declared the region independent of Mali as the nation of Azawad.[3] The declared political entity was not recognized by any local nations or the international community and it collapsed three months later on 12 July.[4]
On 28 January 2013, French and Malian government troops began retaking Timbuktu from the Islamist rebels.[5] The force of 1,000 French troops with 200 Malian soldiers retook Timbuktu without a fight. The Islamist groups had already fled north a few days earlier, having set fire to the Ahmed Baba Institute, which housed many important manuscripts. The building housing the Ahmed Baba Institute was funded by South Africa, and held 30,000 manuscripts. BBC World Service radio news reported on 29 January 2013 that approximately 28,000 of the manuscripts in the Institute had been removed to safety from the premises before the attack by the Islamist groups, and that the whereabouts of about 2,000 manuscripts remained unknown.[6] It was intended to be a resource for Islamic research.[7]
On 30 March 2013, jihadist rebels infiltrated into Timbuktu just nine days prior to a suicide bombing on a Malian army checkpoint at the international airport killing a soldier. Fighting lasted until 1 April, when French warplanes helped Malian ground forces chase the remaining rebels out of the city center.
Tombouctou (Timbuktu ou Tin-Buktu en tamasheq) est une commune du Mali, située sur le fleuve Niger et chef-lieu du cercle de Tombouctou et de la région de Tombouctou.
Surnommée « la ville aux 333 saints » ou « la perle du désert », sa visite en 1828 par le Français René Caillé a fait grand bruit à l'époque en Europe. Elle est aujourd'hui classée par l'UNESCO à plusieurs titres au patrimoine mondial de l'humanité.
Clip com fotos de Mali (Africa), pictures, Timbuktu, tuareg, bambara, Bamako, photo, mosque, mosquée, music, musica, musique, Sahel, travel, politics, mosqueé, photo, fotografia, férias, vacation, sahel, Mopti, WEST aFRICA, ISLAM
Uncovering The Mysterious Ancient City of Timbuktu - Documentary