Mountain Meadows Massacre Site - Enterprise, Utah
In the early years of the Church of Latter Day Saints, Mormons were frequently the targets of discrimination, hostile government officials, harrassment and violence. This was a contributor to their decision to emigrate to what is now Utah.
But in 1857 it was a Mormon militia - the Nauvoo Legion - that violently attacked a group of emigrants. The Baker-Fancher Wagon Train left Arkansas for California, passing though Salt Lake City and then heading south to Mountain Meadows where they camped.
Disguised as Native Americans, militia members attacked the camp on September 7. After five days of fighting, militia members were concerned that Baker-Fancher members had figured out who their attackers were. So militia members claimed that they had arranged a truce with the Native Americans so the party could be escorted to Cedar City.
Men were separated from women and children for the walk to Cedar City. But their escorts soon turned on them, killing everyone in the Baker-Fancher party except for children under seven. Most victims were buried in mass graves.
Descendants of Baker-Fancher party victims and their Mormon attackers joined to design a monument for the massacre site and to get the site designated as a National Historic Landmark.
The Photos (in order)
U00A0961 - Memorial listing names of victims
N16C1083 - View of Mountain Meadows and memorial cairn site
N16C1084 - Memorial cairn
N16C1088 - Memorial cairn
N16C1092 - Marker at the memorial cairn
N16C1097 - Women's Memorial, near where the women were killed
N16C1099 - Men's Memorial, near when the men were killed
N16C1101 - Gravestone at the Men's Memorial that had been found nearby
Mountain Meadows Massacre ~ Brigham Young had more than twenty wives
The September 1857 Mountain Meadows Massacre, in which a party of 120 emigrants, suspected of hostility toward the church, was murdered in southeastern Utah by Paiute Indians and a band of Mormons led by John D. Lee, who claimed to be acting on orders from Young himself. Despite this atrocity, by 1858 Brigham Young had reached a reconciliation with the federal government, which issued a pardon for alleged Mormon offenses and for a time at least allowed the Saints to practice their religion and build their community without interference. In 1871, Brigham Young was himself tried under an 1862 law that prohibited polygamy in United States territories, but though he had by this time married more than twenty wives, he was not convicted.
Mountain Meadows Utah
The site of the 1857 killing of a wagon train by Mormon Settlers. The Meadows are close to St George and Ceder City Utah. Music is the Ballard of Mountian Meadows Massicure
Mormon Massacre of Morrisites Apostate Mormon
Gen Burtons massacre of the Morrrisites was enough to change even Bill Hickman. The Morrisites found Brigham Young's Mormonism a bit too much (So did Hickman!) and Morris reformed it. and so they were murdered. JH Beadle publishes a letter to him,from the Governor at the time, Gov' Harding (1862-1864). Harding found Hickmans response to the Massacre moving. The Governor,according to Hickman, because of the Morrisites, had tears streaming down his face. It was almost impossible to obtain justice in Utah. Even when you were governor.
Latter Day Saints | Mormons | Mormonism | Salt Lake City | Utah | Ogden | Provo | San Diego
mormonism, mormons, latter day saints, christianity, book of mormon, cults, religion, sects of christianity, mormon temple, joseph smith, brigham young, steve young, doctrines and covenants, book of mormon, another testament of jesus christ, angel moroni, heavenly visions, mormon missionaries, wards, stakes, prophets, byu, samoa, tonga, polynesia, micronesia, australia, new zealand, new york, los angeles, san diego, las vegas nevada, fresno ca, ogden utah, famous mormons, marriott corporation, tabernacle choir, heresy, damnation, hell, salvation, soteriology, eschatology, apologetics, bible, extrabiblical, mountain meadows massacre, missouri, illinois, donner pass, lake tahoe... Mormonism is a false gospel of Jesus Christ brings upon Mormons - the curse of damnation (Galatians 1:6-9; Ephesians 5:6). It is a works based heresy, revealed by Satan himself, who disguised himself as an angel of light (Moroni); such revelations the Bible forbids. Moreover, the angel Moroni, is never mentioned in the Bible. In 1820, Mormonism founder, Joseph Smith, claimed to have been visited by God the Father and Jesus, themselves, and given an ordination to establish the true Church of God. Yet, the Bible clearly established that Christ's Church is pure, holy, and will never be defeated (Matthew 16:18). Are you a Mormon? Repent, and flee the lie that is Mormonism; just another 19th Century Cult, founded in upstate New York, like so many others around that same time (Seventh Day Adventism; Jehovah's Witness, etcetera). Run to Jesus, who loves the so-called Mormon, but hates Mormonism and it's lies. God loves you, dies for your sins; you cannot add to it or take away from His loving, finished work, but you can forfeit, by placing your faith and trust in a lie. Jesus, has not called you to religion, but into a personal saving faith in Him, and Him alone. You cannot become a god and rule over your own personal planets. Allow Jesus, to rule and reign in your hearts and lives - now, that you may be with Him in all eternity!
20140423 Brigham Young's Winter Home, Southern Utah
Built in 1873 in Southern Utah, Brigham Young's winter home
Petroglyphs at Nampaweap and Paiute Cave
Teyjah talks about petroglyphs.
Nampaweap and Paiute Cave. Two-hour hike, moderate. Located deep in the Arizona Strip south of St. George, these two isolated sites represent very different cultures and artistic techniques. Travelling south on a good, sometimes washboard, dirt road, you will stop at the Bundyville Schoolhouse for a rest break, then head up the Hurricane Cliffs on another good road stopping at the Uinkaret Pueblo and Nixon Springs. From there it is a short distance to Nampaweap, an extensive petroglyph site located in a shallow basalt canyon. It is about a two-hour walk to see the glyphs which may require some light scrambling to see all of them. Then you will descend Mt. Tribal and travel the Clayhole Road to Paiute Cave, a large cavern in the basalt containing well-preserved Paiute pictographs. From there you return to St. George. A full day of driving and exploration.
1844 Right of Mormon Succession News Smith Rigdon
Mormons in Nauvoo saw and they all continue to see themselves as a law unto themselves regardless of whose state, city, nation they are in. Times and Seasons Feb 1844. Violence was mounting and the Mormon Hierarchy knew just what to do with it. In 4 months Joe would be dead. But not before his Illuminati council of 50 had proclaimed him King. And he ran for President. And then he was dead.
Evening News : 2019-04-17
Utah | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Utah
00:01:58 1 Etymology
00:02:54 2 History
00:03:03 2.1 Pre-Columbian
00:03:53 2.2 Spanish exploration (1540)
00:05:40 2.3 Latter Day Saint settlement (1847)
00:09:06 2.4 Utah Territory (1850–1896)
00:15:33 2.5 20th century
00:18:18 3 Geography
00:24:10 3.1 Climate
00:30:28 3.2 Wildlife
00:30:44 3.2.1 Mammals
00:31:22 3.2.2 Birds
00:31:30 3.2.3 Insects
00:32:16 3.3 Vegetation
00:32:28 4 Demographics
00:33:38 4.1 Health and fertility
00:34:41 4.2 Ancestry and race
00:36:38 4.3 Religion
00:39:37 4.4 Languages
00:40:26 4.5 Age and gender
00:40:49 5 Economy
00:43:14 5.1 Taxation
00:43:49 5.2 Tourism
00:46:31 5.2.1 Branding
00:47:27 5.3 Mining
00:48:53 5.3.1 Incidents
00:49:22 5.4 Energy
00:49:32 5.4.1 Potential to use renewable energy sources
00:50:07 6 Transportation
00:53:30 7 Law and government
00:54:34 7.1 Counties
00:55:18 7.2 Women's rights
00:56:02 7.3 Free-range parenting
00:56:28 7.4 Constitution
00:56:55 7.5 Alcohol, tobacco and gambling laws
00:58:06 7.6 Same-sex marriage
00:59:06 7.7 Politics
01:05:32 8 Major cities and towns
01:07:40 9 Colleges and universities
01:07:50 10 Culture
01:07:59 10.1 Sports
01:12:10 10.2 Entertainment
01:12:30 10.2.1 Books
01:14:43 10.2.2 Film
01:15:20 10.2.3 Video Games
01:15:54 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Utah ( YOO-taw, -tah listen) is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1, 2016. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which contains approximately 2.5 million people; and Washington County in Southern Utah, with over 160,000 residents. Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast.
Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church. This greatly influences Utahn culture and daily life. The LDS Church's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City.The state is a center of transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation. In 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second fastest-growing population of any state. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah also has the 14th highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. A 2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the best state to live in based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, and health-related outlook metrics.
Boston, Providence, and the Plymouth Rock: How to Visit with an RV - Traveling Robert
On the last leg of our New England, or North East road trip we camp ad Ellis Haven campground in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in order to visit the Plymouth Rock, Boston, and Providence, Rhode Island. In Boston we mainly visit the bar where everybody knows your name, Cheers, we walk the Boston Trail, and eat some Italian Food at North End. We also visit Providence for the WaterFire event.
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Colorado River | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Colorado River
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande). The 1,450-mile-long (2,330 km) river drains an expansive, arid watershed that encompasses parts of seven U.S. and two Mexican states. Starting in the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado, the river flows generally southwest across the Colorado Plateau and through the Grand Canyon before reaching Lake Mead on the Arizona–Nevada border, where it turns south toward the international border. After entering Mexico, the Colorado approaches the mostly dry Colorado River Delta at the tip of the Gulf of California between Baja California and Sonora.
Known for its dramatic canyons, whitewater rapids, and eleven U.S. National Parks, the Colorado River and its tributaries are a vital source of water for 40 million people. The river and its tributaries are controlled by an extensive system of dams, reservoirs, and aqueducts, which in most years divert its entire flow for agricultural irrigation and domestic water supply. Its large flow and steep gradient are used for generating hydroelectric power, and its major dams regulate peaking power demands in much of the Intermountain West. Intensive water consumption has dried up the lower 100 miles (160 km) of the river, which has rarely reached the sea since the 1960s.Beginning with small bands of nomadic hunter-gatherers, Native Americans have inhabited the Colorado River basin for at least 8,000 years. Between 2,000 and 1,000 years ago, the watershed was home to large agricultural civilizations – considered some of the most sophisticated indigenous North American cultures – which eventually declined due to a combination of severe drought and poor land use practices. Most native peoples that inhabit the region today are descended from other groups that settled there beginning about 1,000 years ago. Europeans first entered the Colorado Basin in the 16th century, when explorers from Spain began mapping and claiming the area, which became part of Mexico upon its independence in 1821. Early contact between Europeans and Native Americans was generally limited to the fur trade in the headwaters and sporadic trade interactions along the lower river.
After most of the Colorado River basin became part of the U.S. in 1846, much of the river's course was still the subject of myths and speculation. Several expeditions charted the Colorado in the mid-19th century – one of which, led by John Wesley Powell, was the first to run the rapids of the Grand Canyon. American explorers collected valuable information that was later used to develop the river for navigation and water supply. Large-scale settlement of the lower basin began in the mid- to late-19th century, with steamboats providing transportation from the Gulf of California to landings along the river that linked to wagon roads to the interior. Starting in the 1860s, gold and silver strikes drew prospectors to parts of the upper Colorado River basin.
Large engineering works began around the start of the 20th century, with major guidelines established in a series of international and U.S. interstate treaties known as the Law of the River. The U.S. federal government was the main driving force behind the construction of dams and aqueducts, although many state and local water agencies were also involved. Most of the major dams were built between 1910 and 1970; the system keystone, Hoover Dam, was completed in 1935. The Colorado is now considered among the most controlled and litigated rivers in the world, with every drop of its water fully allocated.
The environmental movement in the American Southwest has opposed the damming and diversion of the Colorado River system because of detrimental effects on the ecology and natural beauty of the river and its tributaries. During the construction of Glen Canyon Dam, environmental organizations vowed to block a ...
Utah | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Utah
00:01:59 1 Etymology
00:02:55 2 History
00:03:04 2.1 Pre-Columbian
00:03:54 2.2 Spanish exploration (1540)
00:05:41 2.3 Latter Day Saint settlement (1847)
00:09:07 2.4 Utah Territory (1850–1896)
00:15:35 2.5 20th century
00:18:21 3 Geography
00:24:14 3.1 Climate
00:30:33 3.2 Wildlife
00:30:49 3.2.1 Mammals
00:31:27 3.2.2 Birds
00:31:35 3.2.3 Insects
00:32:21 3.3 Vegetation
00:32:33 4 Demographics
00:33:43 4.1 Health and fertility
00:34:46 4.2 Ancestry and race
00:36:44 4.3 Religion
00:39:44 4.4 Languages
00:40:33 4.5 Age and gender
00:40:56 5 Economy
00:43:22 5.1 Taxation
00:43:57 5.2 Tourism
00:46:39 5.2.1 Branding
00:47:35 5.3 Mining
00:49:02 5.3.1 Incidents
00:49:31 5.4 Energy
00:49:41 5.4.1 Potential to use renewable energy sources
00:50:15 6 Transportation
00:53:39 7 Law and government
00:54:43 7.1 Counties
00:55:27 7.2 Women's rights
00:56:11 7.3 Free-range parenting
00:56:38 7.4 Constitution
00:57:05 7.5 Alcohol, tobacco and gambling laws
00:58:16 7.6 Same-sex marriage
00:59:16 7.7 Politics
01:05:43 8 Major cities and towns
01:07:52 9 Colleges and universities
01:08:02 10 Culture
01:08:11 10.1 Sports
01:12:23 10.2 Entertainment
01:12:43 10.2.1 Books
01:14:56 10.2.2 Film
01:15:33 10.2.3 Video Games
01:16:07 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Utah ( YOO-taw, -tah listen) is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1, 2016. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which contains approximately 2.5 million people; and Washington County in Southern Utah, with over 160,000 residents. Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast.
Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church. This greatly influences Utahn culture and daily life. The LDS Church's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City.The state is a center of transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation. In 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second fastest-growing population of any state. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah also has the 14th highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. A 2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the best state to live in based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, and health-related outlook metrics.
The Life and Adventures of Nat Love by Nat Love | Audio book with subtitles
The Life and Adventures of Nat Love
Nat LOVE
Nat Love was born a slave, emancipated into abject poverty, grew up riding the range as a cowboy and spent his maturity riding the rails as a Pullman Porter. For me, the most amazing thing about him is that despite the circumstances of his life, which included being owned like a farm animal solely because of the color of his skin and spending later decades living and working as an equal with white coworkers, he was an unrepentant racist! Convinced that the only good Indian was a dead one, and that all Mexicans were greasers and/or bums, he rarely passed up a chance to shoot a member of either group, whether in self-defense or cold blood, and shows no sign of having appreciated the difference. At one point, he fell in love with a Mexican girl but, apparently unable to tolerate this reality, considered her Spanish. Nat Love was a fascinating character who lived in equally interesting times, and one only wishes his autobiography was much longer and more detailed. summary by ohsostrange
Genre(s): Biography & Autobiography Audio Book Audiobooks All Rights Reserved. This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer visit librivox.org.
Percy Bysshe Shelley | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Percy Bysshe Shelley
00:02:47 1 Life
00:02:55 1.1 Early life and education
00:07:02 1.2 Marriage
00:13:18 1.3 Byron
00:14:42 1.4 A suicide and a second marriage
00:17:21 1.5 Italy
00:22:47 1.6 Death
00:28:03 2 Shelley's heart
00:29:24 3 Family history
00:29:33 3.1 Ancestry
00:30:28 3.1.1 Ancestry chart
00:30:36 3.2 Family
00:32:10 3.3 Descendants
00:34:10 4 Idealism
00:34:57 4.1 Nonviolence
00:35:30 4.2 Vegetarianism
00:37:11 5 Legacy
00:42:25 5.1 In popular culture
00:46:34 6 Major works
00:46:43 7 Short prose works
00:47:14 8 Essays
00:47:23 9 Chapbooks
00:47:41 10 Collaborations with Mary Shelley
00:48:04 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Percy Bysshe Shelley ( (listen) BISH; 4 August 1792 – 8 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets, who is regarded by some as among the finer lyric and philosophical poets in the English language, and one of the more influential. A radical in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not see fame during his lifetime, but recognition of his achievements in poetry grew steadily following his death. Shelley was a key member of a close circle of visionary poets and writers that included Lord Byron, Leigh Hunt, Thomas Love Peacock, and his own second wife, Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein.
Shelley is perhaps best known for classic poems such as Ozymandias, Ode to the West Wind, To a Skylark, Music, When Soft Voices Die, The Cloud and The Masque of Anarchy. His other major works include a groundbreaking verse drama The Cenci (1819) and long, visionary, philosophical poems such as Queen Mab (later reworked as The Daemon of the World), Alastor, The Revolt of Islam, Adonaïs, Prometheus Unbound (1820)—widely considered to be his masterpiece—Hellas: A Lyrical Drama (1821), and his final, unfinished work, The Triumph of Life (1822).
Shelley's close circle of friends included some of the more important progressive thinkers of the day, including his father-in-law, the philosopher William Godwin, and Leigh Hunt. Though Shelley's poetry and prose output remained steady throughout his life, most publishers and journals declined to publish his work for fear of being arrested for either blasphemy or sedition. Shelley's poetry sometimes had only an underground readership during his day, but his poetic achievements are widely recognized today, and his political and social thought had an impact on the Chartist and other movements in England, and reach down to the present day. Shelley's theories of economics and morality, for example, had a profound influence on Karl Marx; his early—perhaps first—writings on nonviolent resistance influenced Leo Tolstoy, whose writings on the subject in turn influenced Mahatma Gandhi, and through him Martin Luther King Jr. and others practicing nonviolence during the American Civil Rights Movement.
Shelley became a lodestone to the subsequent three or four generations of poets, including important Victorian and Pre-Raphaelite poets such as Robert Browning and Dante Gabriel Rossetti. He was admired by Oscar Wilde, Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, Leo Tolstoy, Bertrand Russell, W. B. Yeats, Upton Sinclair and Isadora Duncan. Henry David Thoreau's Civil Disobedience was apparently influenced by Shelley's writings and theories on non-violence in protest and political action. Shelley's popularity and influence has continued to grow in contemporary poetry circles.
Hans-Hermann Hoppe - Democracy: The God That Failed - Audiobook (Google WaveNet Voice)
The core of this book is a systematic treatment of the historic transformation of the West from monarchy to democracy.
Source: (PDF available)
Information about the book:
Music at the Beginning:
Bass Walker - Film Noir
Kevin MacLeod
Jazz & Blues | Funky
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Sunday Stroll by Huma-Huma
Timeline of the name Palestine | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of the name Palestine
00:03:20 1 Historical references
00:03:30 1.1 Ancient period
00:03:39 1.1.1 Egyptian period
00:04:39 1.1.2 Assyrian period
00:06:26 1.2 Classical antiquity
00:06:35 1.2.1 Persian (Achaemenid) Empire period
00:08:36 1.2.2 Hellenic kingdoms (Ptolemaic/Seleucid/Hasmonean) period
00:09:27 1.2.3 Roman Jerusalem period
00:16:06 1.2.4 Roman Aelia Capitolina period
00:24:55 1.3 Late Antiquity period
00:25:04 1.3.1 Late Roman Empire (Byzantine) period
00:35:59 1.4 Middle Ages
00:36:07 1.4.1 Rashidun, Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates period
00:42:25 1.4.2 Fatimid Caliphate period
00:44:47 1.4.3 Crusaders period
00:46:15 1.4.4 Ayyubid and Mamluk periods
00:52:21 1.5 Early modern period
00:52:30 1.5.1 Early Ottoman period
01:16:22 1.6 Modern period
01:16:31 1.6.1 Late Ottoman period
01:58:46 1.6.2 Formation of the British Mandate
02:03:59 2 Biblical references
02:08:56 3 Etymological considerations
02:09:36 4 See also
02:09:57 5 Bibliography
02:18:07 6 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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This article presents a list of notable historical references to the name Palestine as a place name in the Middle East throughout the history of the region, including its cognates such as Filastin and Palaestina.
The term Peleset (transliterated from hieroglyphs as P-r-s-t) is found in five inscriptions referring to a neighboring people or land starting from circa 1150 BC during the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt. The first known mention is at the temple at Medinet Habu which refers to the Peleset among those who fought with Egypt in Ramesses III's reign, and the last known is 300 years later on Padiiset's Statue. The Assyrians called the same region Palashtu/Palastu or Pilistu, beginning with Adad-nirari III in the Nimrud Slab in c. 800 BC through to an Esarhaddon treaty more than a century later. Neither the Egyptian nor the Assyrian sources provided clear regional boundaries for the term.The first appearance of the term Palestine was in 5th century BC Ancient Greece when Herodotus wrote of a district of Syria, called Palaistinê between Phoenicia and Egypt in The Histories. Herodotus was describing the coastal region, but is also considered to have applied the term to the inland region such as the Judean mountains and the Jordan Rift Valley. Later Greek writers such as Aristotle, Polemon and Pausanias also used the word, which was followed by Roman writers such as Ovid, Tibullus, Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder, Dio Chrysostom, Statius, Plutarch as well as Roman Judean writers Philo of Alexandria and Josephus. The word was never used in an official context during the Hellenistic period, and is not found on any Hellenistic coin or inscription, first coming into official use in the early second century AD. It has been contended that in the first century authors still associated the term with the southern coastal region.In 135 AD, the Greek Syria Palaestina was used in naming a new Roman province from the merger of Roman Syria and Roman Judaea after the Roman authorities crushed the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Circumstantial evidence links Hadrian to the renaming of the province, which took place around the same time as Jerusalem was refounded as Aelia Capitolina, but the precise date of the change in province name is uncertain. The common view that the name change was intended sever the connection of the Jews to their historical homeland is disputed.During the Byzantine period c. 390, the imperial province of Syria Palaestina was reorganized into: Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda, and Palaestina Salutaris. Following the Muslim conquest, place names that were in use by the Byzantine administration generally continued to be used in Arabic. The use of the name Palestine became common in Early Modern English, was used in English and Arabic during the Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem. In the 20th century the name was used by the British to refer to Mandatory Palestine, a mandate from the former O ...
Utah | Wikipedia audio article
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Utah
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Utah ( YOO-taw, -tah listen) is a state in the western United States. It became the 45th state admitted to the U.S. on January 4, 1896. Utah is the 13th-largest by area, 31st-most-populous, and 10th-least-densely populated of the 50 United States. Utah has a population of more than 3 million according to the Census estimate for July 1, 2016. Urban development is mostly concentrated in two areas: the Wasatch Front in the north-central part of the state, which contains approximately 2.5 million people; and Washington County in Southern Utah, with over 160,000 residents. Utah is bordered by Colorado to the east, Wyoming to the northeast, Idaho to the north, Arizona to the south, and Nevada to the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico in the southeast.
Approximately 62% of Utahns are reported to be members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), making Utah the only state with a majority population belonging to a single church. This greatly influences Utahn culture and daily life. The LDS Church's world headquarters is located in Salt Lake City.The state is a center of transportation, education, information technology and research, government services, mining, and a major tourist destination for outdoor recreation. In 2013, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that Utah had the second fastest-growing population of any state. St. George was the fastest-growing metropolitan area in the United States from 2000 to 2005. Utah also has the 14th highest median average income and the least income inequality of any U.S. state. A 2012 Gallup national survey found Utah overall to be the best state to live in based on 13 forward-looking measurements including various economic, lifestyle, and health-related outlook metrics.
Axis Powers | Wikipedia audio article
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Axis Powers
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Axis powers (German: Achsenmächte; Italian: Potenze dell'Asse; Japanese: 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allies. The Axis powers agreed on their opposition to the Allies, but did not completely coordinate their activity.
The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy, and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. Benito Mussolini declared on 1 November that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome–Berlin axis, thus creating the term Axis. The almost simultaneous second step was the signing in November 1936 of the Anti-Comintern Pact, an anti-communist treaty between Germany and Japan. Italy joined the Pact in 1937. The Rome–Berlin Axis became a military alliance in 1939 under the so-called Pact of Steel, with the Tripartite Pact of 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany, Italy and Japan.
At its zenith during World War II, the Axis presided over territories that occupied large parts of Europe, North Africa, and East Asia. There were no three-way summit meetings and cooperation and coordination was minimal, with slightly more between Germany and Italy. The war ended in 1945 with the defeat of the Axis powers and the dissolution of their alliance. As in the case of the Allies, membership of the Axis was fluid, with some nations switching sides or changing their degree of military involvement over the course of the war.