São Paulo: South America's MEGACITY
São Paulo, Brazil is the largest metropolis in the Americas and the economic engine of the world’s sixth most-populous country.
Video by Bryce Plank
Script help:
Kiriana Cowansage
Leonardo Cardozo
Drone footage courtesy of:
Information sources:
The dramatic cliffs and endless beaches of Rio De Janeiro makes it the city that probably first comes to mind when you think of Brazil. But São Paulo, the largest metropolis in the southern hemisphere, is the true economic engine of the world’s sixth most-populous country.
In 1554, Catholic missionaries - with the help of indigenous workers - built a small village perched 750 meters above sea level and 70 kilometers from the Atlantic coast. It was the only inland settlement in the country, a jumping off point for expeditions of conquerors, traders, and gold hunters.
In the 1800’s, Brazil became the world’s leading coffee producer, but the farmers in Rio over-cultivated their soil, giving São Paulo an opening to become the country’s agricultural hub. As one of the few inland towns, it was closer than Rio to the plantations spread throughout the interior, and it was directly linked by rail to the port of Santos, making it the ideal junction for shipments of goods on their way to the coast for export.
In 1888, Brazil’s businesses adapted to another significant change when Emperor Dom Pedro II - regarded by many as the greatest Brazilian to ever live - convinced his people to abolish slavery. With their captive labor force suddenly free, farmers and industrialists turned to immigrants from abroad. Today, as a result, São Paulo has the largest population of Italian descendants of any city on the planet, including Rome; the largest Japanese community outside of Japan; and - of course - significant numbers of Portuguese and Spanish.
Many of these newcomers were skilled factory workers whose knowledge helped São Paulo emerge as a manufacturing capital during the industrial revolution and WWII.
Over a period of less than 30 years, the city’s population exploded from 250,000 to 1 million. Steady growth continued through the century, passing Rio in 1960, and hitting 8.5 million in 1980.
Today, the population of the megalopolis known as “Sampa” is over 20 million. In many ways it is a thriving global city with the largest stock exchange in Latin America; a vibrant culture with over 100 museums and dynamic performing arts spaces and beautiful parks. As part of futbol-crazed Brazil, it proudly hosted matches during the 2014 World Cup; and is making significant investments in the next generation, with 850,000 students enrolled in higher education courses.
Unfortunately though, São Paulo’s rapid development has also taken a heavy toll, with four core problems rising above the rest.
The city’s only major bodies of water are the Tiete and Pinheiros rivers. As the population grew, the government - plagued by inefficiency and corruption - struggled to meet demand for basic infrastructure. Without enough wastewater treatment plants, sewage from millions of people flowed directly into the rivers. Toxic waste from industrial facilities was dumped without limit. When new highways were built, the city laid them on the only continuous stretches of land left, the riverbanks, and then hid stretches of them behind walls. But even if you can’t always see the rivers, their stench doesn’t go away.
When the Tiete is at it most-choked, it is a biologically deadzone as far as Barra Bonita, 260 km downstream.
It wasn’t always this way. The rivers used to be gathering points for recreation--distant memories that are motivating current rehabilitation efforts, which include projects to treat 100% of all wastewater before it enters the Tiete, putting an end to all illegal dumping, and teaching people how to care for their rivers and streams.
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LitTV with Chris Carlsson
In this broadcast Kelly Long interviews writer, editor and historian Chris Carlsson about the numerous upheavals and changes in history and present of the Mission District in San Francisco
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LitTV is a series of video documents in collaboration with San Francisco Bay Area teens, exploring connections between fire and knowledge, showcasing some of the unique features and personalities that make up the San Francisco Public Library, and the vital role that librarians play in their communities. It is produced by the artist Minerva Cuevas for the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art's Public Knowledge initiative.
Fire was the early form of shared public knowledge that triggered civilization. Throughout human history, fire has been crucially connected to social upheaval and physical change. Today, public libraries not only store and share a valuable resource: information, but they nurture community in rapidly changing cities.
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Chris Carlsson, is a writer, San Francisco historian, “professor,” bicyclist, tour guide, blogger, photographer, book and magazine designer. He’s lived in San Francisco since 1978 and has been self-employed in various capacities since the early 1980s. He has written two books (After the Deluge, Nowtopia) edited six books, (Reclaiming San Francisco, The Political Edge, Bad Attitude, Critical Mass: Bicycling’s Defiant Celebration, Ten Years That Shook the City: San Francisco, 1968-78 and Shift Happens! Critical Mass at 20), and co-authored the expanded second edition of Vanished Waters: The History of San Francisco’s Mission Bay. He helped co-found Critical Mass in September, 1992, and has ridden with Critical Mass rides in a dozen cities on three continents since then. His book Nowtopia, along with his role in Critical Mass, has propelled him into extended world travels since 2002, and he has had three of his books translated and published in Italy and one in Brazil. His frequent public appearances are well-represented online at Youtube and in various radio and audio archives. He has directed Shaping San Francisco since its inception in the mid-1990s, and continues to be co-director of the archive of San Francisco history at FoundSF.org. He also conducts award-winning bicycle history tours and walking tours a dozen times a year, and hosts an ongoing Public Talks series in San Francisco. Since 2011 he has been a “road scholar” in his capacity as an adjunct professor at the San Francisco Art Institute, the California Institute of Integral Studies, and most recently, the University of San Francisco.
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Public Knowledge is organized by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art in partnership with the San Francisco Public Library. The project has been made possible in part by a major Public Humanities Projects, Community Conversations grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities: Exploring the Human Endeavor. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in Public Knowledge do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities.
After Dark: Nocturnal Landscapes and Public Spaces in the Arabian Peninsula, Panel I
In the Arabian Peninsula, public spaces are often most used after darkness falls, and the temperature along with it. This symposium explores typologies of nocturnal landscapes common in the Arabian Peninsula and in locales with similar hot climates. During this interdisciplinary event, we will ask who uses night-time landscapes and public spaces, what activities are peculiar to the night, and, ultimately, how to design for life after dark. Organized by Gareth Doherty, assistant professor of landscape architecture, and William Granara, director, Harvard University Center for Middle Eastern Studies. Supported by the Aga Khan Program in Islamic Architecture.
SmarterCities Rio | Ginni Rometty Discusses How to Build a Smarter City
Ginni Rometty, Senior Vice President and Group Executive, Sales, Marketing and Strategy, IBM, speaks about how to build a smarter city at IBM SmarterCities Rio
All 50 U.S. states summarized (Geography Now!)
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Many of you international geograpeeps outside the USA have asked about What each state in the U.S is like Here's my best shot at it. Enjoy !
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CONTACT US if you are from a country that is coming up! Teach us! Email: GeographyLater@gmail.com
Stay cool Stay tuned and remember, this is Earth, your home. Learn about it.
Mortadella | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mortadella
00:00:28 1 History
00:01:55 2 Characteristics
00:02:22 3 Similar products outside Italy
00:02:32 3.1 Lusitanic and Hispanic cultures
00:04:12 3.2 Central Europe
00:05:07 3.3 Middle East
00:06:01 3.4 United States
00:06:57 3.5 Russia
00:07:34 3.6 East Asia
00:07:50 4 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Mortadella (Italian pronunciation: [mortaˈdɛlla]) is a large Italian sausage or luncheon meat (salume [saˈluːme]) made of finely hashed or ground, heat-cured pork, which incorporates at least 15% small cubes of pork fat (principally the hard fat from the neck of the pig). Mortadella is a product of Bologna, Italy. It is flavoured with spices, including whole or ground black pepper, myrtle berries, and pistachios.
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Turismo e direitos num mapa de contradições
O turismo pode ser produzido, comunicado e consumido de vários
modos, resultando diferentes formas de relacionamento entre a
atividade turística e os direitos, a assimetria de oportunidades,
o colapso ecológico e a onipresença das tecnologias. Como esses
jogos de força se desenvolvem na atualidade?
Mediador | Sérgio Rodriguez Palestrantes | Jessé Souza e Freya Desbiolles
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O ”Seminário Internacional Turismo e Direitos num mapa de contradições aconteceu entre os dias 12 e 13 de Junho, no Sesc 24 de Maio, propondo uma reflexão sobre a democratização do acesso e os impactos das práticas turísticas.
O evento, que fez parte das ações comemorativas aos 70 anos do Turismo Social no Sesc em São Paulo, investigou as relações entre turismo e direitos humanos, partindo da percepção já mundial de que se trata de um panorama com graves desequilíbrios. Houve debates sobre o significado de desenvolvimento (já que frequentemente a atividade turística é defendida como proposta de prosperidade para os municípios); sobre as políticas de inclusão ou exclusão dos públicos no turismo; sobre os conflitos causados pelo exercício do turismo com relação ao direito dos moradores a suas cidades; sobre os processos que acentuam diversas vulnerabilidades sociais a partir da atividade turística. Para refletir sobre esses temas o seminário recebeu estudiosos do Chile, Argentina, Espanha, Austrália, Canadá, México e do Brasil.
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Science Journalism, Authoritarian Regimes, and Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience deceives millions of people every day. Although scientists and journalists try to expose baseless assertions, governments around the world often will make decisions based on such claims or on the mistrust of science.
Do science journalists have a social responsibility to help people demand evidence-based policies? If so, how can science journalists overcome animus from those in power who seek to prevent them from exercising this responsibility? These questions are crucial when societal well-being is at risk and especially if governments are driven by authoritarianism.
This session, presented October 28, 2017 at the 10th World Conference of Science Journalists in San Francisco, CA., tackled these isseues. Journalists shared their experiences reporting in such situations—from “race science” and HIV denialism in South Africa to fraudulent cures in Brazil and Egypt, from archaeological findings used as a nationalistic strategy in Indonesia to governmental ignorance of scientific solutions in Costa Rica.
Inherent Vice
Inept pot-smoking private investigator Larry 'Doc' Sportello cruises 1970s Los Angeles in search of easy money, free love and laid-back good times. But when his ex-girlfriend goes missing, Doc takes on his most baffling case ever and journeys into the dark heart of the City of Angels to get her back.
Palestra com Terence Riley - Arq.Futuro SP 2011
TERENCE RILEY
Is an architect internationally renowned for the development and design of cultural spaces with great architectural importance. Partner of the K/R Office in New York, former curator of the Department of Architecture of the New York Museum of Modern Art, and former director of the Miami Museum of Art.
Arc.Future brings to Brazil the greatest names in the world's architectural scenario to share their experiences and opinions and to analyze the roles of contemporary architecture, including its artistic, social, and environmental approaches.
The aesthetic criteria that drive each architect, the education of citizenships on the matter, and the urbanistic solutions for today's cities are some of the themes debated in the meetings.
All contents generated will be recorded and made available later in several formats, including the publication of a digital book and audiovisual material with exclusive images and videos.
Mesa 1: (Abertura do Arq.Futuro 2013) Atvismo das comunidades - íntegra
Na mesa Ativismo das comunidades, Joshua David e Robert Hammond, dupla fundadora do Friends of the High Line, a arquiteta Elizabeth Diller e a paisagista Lisa Switkin dividem suas experiências sobre a transformação de uma linha ferroviária abandonada em um parque elevado, o já famoso The High Line, em Nova York. Palestra imperdível da edição passada, agora na íntegra:
3000+ Portuguese Words with Pronunciation
3033 most frequent brazilian portuguese used words, presented randomly.
Based on the book A Frequency Dictionary of Portuguese by Mark Davies et al.
► TRANSLATIONS AS CAPTIONS
Translations to more than 35 languages are available.
Activate the subtitles clicking the CC button and then choose your language in the video settings menu.
► FREE VIDEO BOOKLET
This video comes with a free PDF companion guide. It consists of the words presented in the video (using same order) and translations to english, french, spanish and german. Use it to practice or to learn new words and then watch the video to improve your skills!
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Bogotá | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Bogotá
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Bogotá (, , ; Spanish pronunciation: [boɣoˈta] (listen)), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santafé/Santa Fé de Bogotá between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, administered as the Capital District, although often erroneously thought of as part of Cundinamarca. Bogotá is a territorial entity of the first order, with the same administrative status as the departments of Colombia. It is the political, economic, administrative, industrial, artistic, cultural, and sports center of the country.
Bogotá was founded as the capital of the New Kingdom of Granada on August 6, 1538, by Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada after a harsh expedition into the Andes conquering the Muisca. The Muisca were the indigenous inhabitants of the region and called the settlement where Bogotá was founded Bacatá, which in the Chibcha language means The Lady of the Andes. Further, the word 'Andes' in the Aymara language means shining mountain, thus rendering the full lexical signification of Bogotá as The Lady of the shining mountain. After the Battle of Boyacá on August 7, 1819, Bogotá became the capital of the independent nation of Gran Colombia. Since the Viceroyalty of New Granada's independence from the Spanish Empire and during the formation of present-day Colombia, Bogotá has remained the capital of this territory.
The city is located in the center of Colombia, on a high plateau known as the Bogotá savanna, part of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense located in the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes. It is the third-highest capital in South America (after Quito and La Paz), at an average of 2,640 metres (8,660 ft) above sea level. Subdivided into 20 localities, Bogotá has an area of 1,587 square kilometres (613 square miles) and a relatively cool climate that is constant through the year.
The city is home to central offices of the executive branch (Office of the President), the legislative branch (Congress of Colombia) and the judicial branch (Supreme Court of Justice, Constitutional Court, Council of State and the Superior Council of Judicature) of the Colombian government. Bogotá stands out for its economic strength and associated financial maturity, its attractiveness to global companies and the quality of human capital. It is the financial and commercial heart of Colombia, with the most business activity of any city in the country. The capital hosts the main financial market in Colombia and the Andean natural region, and is the leading destination for new foreign direct investment projects coming into Latin America and Colombia. It has the highest nominal GDP in the country, contributing most to the national total (24.7%), and it is the seventh-largest city by size of GDP in Latin America (about USD 159,850 million).The city's airport, El Dorado International Airport, named after the mythical El Dorado, handles the largest cargo volume in Latin America, and is third in number of people. Bogotá is home to the largest number of universities and research centers in the country, and is an important cultural center, with many theaters, libraries and museums, of which the Museo del Oro is the most important,. Bogotá ranks 52nd on the Global Cities Index 2014, and is considered a global city type Alpha − by GaWC.