Château Exterior -- The Empress Josephine's Home Outside Paris, France
copyright 2011 Lisa B. Falour, B.S., M.B.A. all rights reserved LISA, INC. (EURL) cutecatfaith.com
The first Sunday of every month in France is heritage day, and many places which normally charge admission become free to the public. It's fun, but for the main attractions, get there early and expect long lines. We knew there wouldn't be any crowds at this historic residence to the West of Paris in nearby Reuil-Malmaison on the River Seine, and enjoyed the autumn colors. The weather was semi-overcast and breezy -- it's definitely autumn. Occasional rain, but not cold in the afternoons. I love the Fall! (I hate sun and hot weather -- yecch!)
Not a fan of the Empire style, I still loved the visit, which was educational -- and my spouse liked it, too. The gardens are pretty and there are usually, apparently, additional exhibits in some of the outbuildings (there was an old car show here this day, and there is an Egyptian exhibit there always in the Osiris Pavilion on the grounds). I think almost anyone of any age would like seeing this place, at almost any time of the year. The château is not enormous and was the height of style and modernity for the time, I gather -- with a kind of central heating system, even. Josephine's royal lineage and previous marriage and children were described in a special display at this time. Napoléon divorced her only because she could not give him children, and was bereft, as theirs was a passionate love. He wanted to found a dynasty. When he remarried, he complained, I have married a vagina!
I joke about a bunker, but obviously, it's a cistern. Josephine's birth name was Rose, and she loved roses. There are many fine ones here, and a cedar tree she planted with Bonaparte in 1800 -- it's huge now!
Guillotine scene - Tortureum
tortureum.com
An entirely functional, 'revolutionary' guillotine; a full-scale replica of the original 1792 guillotine with the 1889 Berger mechanism.
info about guillotine from our website tortureum.com
Although it is most known as a symbol of the French Revolution (‘holy guillotine’), the guillotine was already used in the Middle Age and was at the time called ‘the board’ in Germany and Flanders, ‘mannaia’ in renaissance Italy, and ‘the Halifax Gibbet’ or ‘the Scottish Maiden’ in England. In 1792 the guillotine became the principal device by which death penalties by decapitation in France were carried out, after the physician J.I. Guillotin proposed to institute a quicker and less painful method to carry out capital punishment that would be of the same type for all offenders regardless of their status. The last guillotining took place in Paris in 1970. During the Reign of Terror, thousands of ‘enemies of the French Revolution’ were executed on the guillotine. With time the executions grew into a morbid form of popular public entertainment. It included programs listing the names of the people to be executed, a souvenir shop as well as the possibility to book ‘good’ places from which to observe the proceedings. Spectators would often sing songs and mock offenders, while famous figures sometimes undertook the role of executioner. The most famous offenders executed on the guillotine were Louis xiv, King of France, Queen Marie Antoinette and Maximilien Robespierre, one of the leaders of the French Revolution. By the end of the 18th century the public craze for attending executions abated, and yet public executions continued to be performed until 1939. Following Hitler’s regulation in 1930, the guillotine was also used by Nazi Germany: Nazi records indicate that 16 500 people were executed by this method in the period between 1933 and 1945. The youngest victim was Sophie Scholl, a student activist and member of the anti-fascist movement, executed in 1943 at the age of 21.
Edouard VII Hotel Paris
This is a 4-star hotel, considered a superior first class property. It enjoys agood central location and elegant decor. (1008PG)Elegant Haussmann - style residence built in 1877, the Edouard VII is a well fitted and maintained 1870's period hotel, surrounded by many classic buildings and sights.The lobby is medium and splendid as is the restaurant and the bar.General Description: 4 star accommodations, City views and exceptional service, Close proximity to business district, Close proximity to historic district, Close proximity to major attractions, Close proximity to shopping district, Deluxe accommodations, Elegant design and décor, Great combination for business and pleasure, Ideal accommodations for a vacation getaway, Located minutes from Louvre, Located near by Paris Opera. Local Attractions: Close to local attractions such as Notre Dame Cathedral , Nearby outdoor sport activities. Recreation: Outdoor activities, Fully equipped fitness center. Restaurants & Lounges: Breakfast Room, Full service bar/lounge. Services: Concierge services, Elevators, Room service. Meeting Facilities: Event facilities. Accommodation: Deluxe accommodations, Elegant accommodations, Elegant guest roomsThe stylishly renovated Edouard VII is a family-run gem that bubbles with history and oozes Parisian charm. As the only hotel on the impressive Avenue de lâÂÂOpera, its excellent location lends itself equally well to sightseeing as to business. A multitude of tourist attractions and companies are located in the vicinity and access to public transport is also just a few steps from the front door (including direct access to Disneyland Paris). It is ideally situated in the heard of the capital, between the Opera Garnier and the Louvre museum, just a few steps from the prestigious Place Vendome, the famous Faubourg Saint Honore, and the grand department stores of the Galeries Lafayette and Printemps. The decoration of the hotel finds its inspiration i
Napoleon Bonaparte Affair Love - Polish Marie Walewska
Marie Walewska
Maria was born into a wealthy noble family in Kiernozia. Her father, who died before she was born, was a landowner and starosta of Gostyń; her mother came from the wealthy Zaborowski family. Maria had six siblings: Benedykt Jozef, Hieronim, Teodor, Honorata, Katarzyna and Urszula-Teresa. She grew up in her ancestral home, Kiernozia, where she also received her education. Nicholas Chopin, Frédéric Chopin's father, was one of her tutors.
In 1805 she married Athenasius count Colonna-Walewski, starosta of Warka district and a once-chamberlain to the last Polish king, Stanisław August Poniatowski. Walewski was a wealthy landowner, but was four times older than his young bride. Maria and Athenasius had one son, Antoni Rudolf Bazyli Colonna-Walewski, although it is believed by some historians that he was an illegitimate child, conceived shortly before Maria's marriage.
Affair with Napoleon
Marie Walewska
Maria met Napoleon for the first time in 1806 in Błonie, or in Jabłonna.According to Maria's own memoirs, she spoke briefly with the French emperor, but the meeting was inconclusive. However, Napoleon remembered her for her extraordinary beauty and requested to see her in Warsaw, intending to start an affair with her.
They met again at a ball hosted by count Stanislaw Potocki in his Warsaw residence. Although Maria was initially reluctant to become Napoleon's mistress, she was convinced to do so by the Emperor's aide, General Géraud Duroc (Grand Marshal of the Palace) and a number of Polish aristocrats, who hoped that she could influence the emperor to support Poland in its struggle to regain independence from Prussia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire. In her memoirs, Maria maintained that she forced herself to get involved with Napoleon for purely patriotic reasons:
The sacrifice was complete. It was all about harvesting fruit now, achieving this one single equivalence [convincing Napoleon to support Polish independence movement], which could excuse my debased position. This was the thought that possessed me. Ruling over my will it did not allow me to fall under the weight of my bad consciousness and sadness.
The affair was initially kept secret, even though unofficially it was one of the most widely commented news in Warsaw's higher circles. Walewska visited Napoleon, residing in the capital's Royal Castle, only at nights and would secretly leave the building each morning. The relationship progressed when Napoleon moved to his field headquarters in Finckenstein Palace in East Prussia (now Kamieniec Suski, Poland): Maria followed him there and they moved into neighouring apartments. As Maria was extraordinarily pious for her times, they still maintained apparent secrecy: she refused to leave the part of the building in which they lived, fearing being seen by officers surrounding Napoleon, many of whom were her acquaintances or relatives.
In 1809 Maria followed Napoleon during his journey to Vienna, where she lived in a house near Schönbrunn Palace, Napoleon's residence. During the sejour in Vienna she fell pregnant and returned to Walewice in order to give birth to her second son, Alexandre Joseph. Although Alexandre was unquestionably a product of Maria's affair with the Emperor, he was legalised by the old count Athenasius and thus bore the name of the counts of Colonna-Walewski.
In 1810 Napoleon returned to Paris, where he was soon joined by Maria. She settled in a palatial residence in the Rue de Montmorency and was given a large rent of 120 000 francs and a permission to enter all of the imperial museums, but her previous relationship with Napoleon ended. The Emperor planned to divorce Josephine and instead marry Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma and maintaining an affair with another woman seemed inappropriate. Her and her son's future were nevertheless ascertained by the grant of large land estates in the Kingdom of Naples.
Российская Империя: Николай I, часть 2. [10/16] [Eng Sub]
Российская Империя. Николай I. Часть вторая.
* Создание жандармерии — Третьего отделения Его Императорского Величества Канцелярии.
* Триада «православие, самодержавие, народность».
* Новый российский гимн «Боже, царя храни».
* Спор «западников» и «славянофилов». Кавказская война.
* Александр Герцен и его Колокол.
* Подавление Венгерской революции.
* Официальная культура — скульптор Клодт, баснописец Крылов, архитектор Тон, художник Айвазовский.
* Крымская война.
Batalha de Borodino
Centenas de pessoas participaram na Rússia, da encenação da Batalha de Borodino, também conhecida como Batalha de Moscou, considerado o mais sangrento conflito envolvendo as tropas de Napoleão.
Paris | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:42 1 Etymology
00:04:50 2 History
00:04:58 2.1 Origins
00:07:14 2.2 Middle Ages to Louis XIV
00:11:02 2.3 18th and 19th centuries
00:15:35 2.4 20th and 21st centuries
00:21:52 2.4.1 Terrorist attacks
00:23:30 3 Geography
00:25:48 3.1 Climate
00:27:54 4 Administration
00:28:03 4.1 City government
00:30:43 4.2 Métropole du Grand Paris
00:32:13 4.3 Regional government
00:33:05 4.4 National government
00:35:26 4.5 Police force
00:37:25 5 Cityscape
00:37:34 5.1 Urbanism and architecture
00:40:57 5.2 Housing
00:43:27 5.3 Paris and its suburbs
00:46:35 6 Demographics
00:50:23 6.1 Migration
00:53:19 6.2 Religion
00:54:52 7 Economy
00:59:53 7.1 Employment
01:03:10 7.2 Unemployment
01:03:41 7.3 Incomes
01:05:21 8 Tourism
01:06:29 8.1 Monuments and attractions
01:08:36 8.2 Hotels
01:10:02 9 Culture
01:10:10 9.1 Painting and sculpture
01:13:04 9.2 Photography
01:14:23 9.3 Museums
01:17:00 9.4 Theatre
01:19:37 9.5 Literature
01:22:40 9.6 Music
01:27:32 9.7 Cinema
01:29:01 9.8 Restaurants and cuisine
01:32:31 9.9 Fashion
01:33:33 9.10 Holidays and festivals
01:34:36 10 Education
01:37:19 10.1 Libraries
01:39:08 11 Sports
01:42:05 12 Infrastructure
01:42:14 12.1 Transport
01:43:02 12.1.1 Railways
01:43:32 12.1.2 Métro, RER and tramway
01:45:21 12.1.3 Air
01:47:47 12.1.4 Motorways
01:48:22 12.1.5 Waterways
01:48:51 12.1.6 Cycling
01:49:45 12.2 Electricity
01:50:40 12.3 Water and sanitation
01:52:12 12.4 Parks and gardens
01:53:50 12.5 Cemeteries
01:55:42 13 Healthcare
01:56:54 14 Media
01:58:35 15 International relations
01:58:45 15.1 Twin towns and partner cities
01:59:20 15.2 Other relationships
01:59:32 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Paris (French pronunciation: [paʁi] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and a population of 2,206,488. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.
The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated official 2018 population of 12,246,234, or 18.2 percent of the population of France. Besides this,the Paris metropolitan area had a population of 12,532,901 in 2015.The Paris Region had a GDP of €681 billion (US$850 billion) in 2016, accounting for 31 percent of the GDP of France. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second-most expensive city in the world, behind Singapore and ahead of Zurich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva.The city is a major rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe after London Heathrow Airport with 69.5 million passengers in 2017) and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily, and is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro. Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world, with 262 million passengers in 2015.Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre was the most visited art museum in the world in 2017, with 8.1 million visitors. The Musée d'Orsay and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art, and the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site. Popular landmarks in the centre of the city include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, both on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand P ...
Paris | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Paris
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Paris (French pronunciation: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and a population of 2,206,488. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.
The City of Paris is the center and seat of government of the Ile-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated official 2018 population of 12,246,234 persons, or 18.2 percent of the population of France. The Paris Region had a GDP of €681 billion (US$850 billion) in 2016, accounting for 31 per cent of the GDP of France. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second-most expensive city in the world, behind Singapore and ahead of Zurich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva.The city is a major rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe after London Heathrow Airport with 69.5 million passengers in 2017) and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily, and is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro. Paris's Gare du Nord is one of the ten busiest railway stations in the world, with 262 million passengers in 2015.Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre was the most visited art museum in the world in 2017, with 8.1 million visitors. The Musée d'Orsay and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art, and the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site. Popular landmarks in the centre of the city include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, both on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, and the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur on the hill of Montmartre. Paris received 23 million visitors in 2017, measured by hotel stays, with the largest numbers of foreign visitors coming from the United States, the UK, Germany and China. It was ranked as the third most visited travel destination in the world in 2017, after Bangkok and London.The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. Paris hosted the Olympic Games in 1900, 1924 and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and the 1960, 1984, and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city and, every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes there.
Paris | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Paris
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Paris (French pronunciation: [paʁi] ( listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and a population of 2,206,488. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.
The City of Paris is the center and seat of government of the Ile-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated official 2018 population of 12,246,234 persons, or 18.2 percent of the population of France. The Paris Region had a GDP of €681 billion (US$850 billion) in 2016, accounting for 31 per cent of the GDP of France. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second-most expensive city in the world, behind Singapore and ahead of Zurich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva.The city is a major rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe after London Heathrow Airport with 69.5 million passengers in 2017) and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily, and is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro. Paris's Gare du Nord is one of the ten busiest railway stations in the world, with 262 million passengers in 2015.Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre was the most visited art museum in the world in 2017, with 8.1 million visitors. The Musée d'Orsay and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art, and the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site. Popular landmarks in the centre of the city include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, both on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, and the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur on the hill of Montmartre. Paris received 23 million visitors in 2017, measured by hotel stays, with the largest numbers of foreign visitors coming from the United States, the UK, Germany and China. It was ranked as the third most visited travel destination in the world in 2017, after Bangkok and London.The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. Paris hosted the Olympic Games in 1900, 1924 and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and the 1960, 1984, and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city and, every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes there.
Joséphine de Beauharnais | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Joséphine de Beauharnais
00:01:13 1 Early life and first marriage
00:04:23 2 Marriage to Napoleon
00:07:17 3 Empress of the French
00:09:47 4 Later life and death
00:11:21 5 Disputed birthplace
00:14:06 6 Descendants
00:16:18 7 Nature and appearance
00:17:21 8 Patroness of roses
00:21:13 9 Titles, styles, and arms
00:21:24 9.1 Titles and styles
00:22:38 9.2 Arms
00:22:46 10 Name
00:23:55 11 Ancestry
00:24:04 12 In popular culture
00:24:14 12.1 Statue
00:24:53 12.2 Fiction books
00:25:38 12.3 Television
00:26:10 12.4 Music
00:27:03 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Joséphine (French: [ʒo.ze.fin də‿bo.aʁ.nɛ]; born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie; 23 June 1763 – 29 May 1814) was the first wife of Napoleon, and thus the first Empress of the French.
Her marriage to Napoleon was her second; her first husband, Alexandre de Beauharnais, was guillotined during the Reign of Terror, and she was imprisoned in the Carmes Prison until five days after his execution. Her two children by Beauharnais became significant to royal lineage. Through her daughter, Hortense, she was the maternal grandmother of Napoleon III. Through her son, Eugène, she was the great-grandmother of later Swedish and Danish kings and queens. The reigning houses of Belgium, Norway and Luxembourg also descend from her. She did not bear Napoleon any children; as a result, he divorced her in 1810 to marry Marie Louise of Austria.
Joséphine was the recipient of numerous love letters written by Napoleon, many of which still exist. Her Château de Malmaison was noted for its magnificent rose garden, which she supervised closely, owing to her passionate interest in roses, collected from all over the world.
Cuisine of Paris | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Cuisine of Paris
00:03:34 1 Etymology
00:04:29 2 History
00:04:38 2.1 Origins
00:06:53 2.2 Middle Ages to Louis XIV
00:10:41 2.3 18th and 19th centuries
00:15:14 2.4 20th and 21st centuries
00:21:31 2.4.1 Terrorist attacks
00:23:09 3 Geography
00:25:27 3.1 Climate
00:27:33 4 Administration
00:27:42 4.1 City government
00:30:22 4.2 Métropole du Grand Paris
00:31:52 4.3 Regional government
00:32:44 4.4 National government
00:35:05 4.5 Police force
00:37:04 5 Cityscape
00:37:13 5.1 Urbanism and architecture
00:40:36 5.2 Housing
00:43:06 5.3 Paris and its suburbs
00:46:14 6 Demographics
00:50:02 6.1 Migration
00:52:58 6.2 Religion
00:54:31 7 Economy
00:59:32 7.1 Employment
01:02:49 7.2 Unemployment
01:03:20 7.3 Incomes
01:05:00 8 Tourism
01:06:09 8.1 Monuments and attractions
01:08:15 8.2 Hotels
01:09:41 9 Culture
01:09:49 9.1 Painting and sculpture
01:12:43 9.2 Photography
01:14:02 9.3 Museums
01:16:39 9.4 Theatre
01:19:16 9.5 Literature
01:22:19 9.6 Music
01:27:11 9.7 Cinema
01:28:40 9.8 Restaurants and cuisine
01:32:10 9.9 Fashion
01:33:12 9.10 Holidays and festivals
01:34:16 10 Education
01:36:59 10.1 Libraries
01:38:47 11 Sports
01:41:44 12 Infrastructure
01:41:53 12.1 Transport
01:42:41 12.1.1 Railways
01:43:12 12.1.2 Métro, RER and tramway
01:45:01 12.1.3 Air
01:47:26 12.1.4 Motorways
01:48:01 12.1.5 Waterways
01:48:30 12.1.6 Cycling
01:49:24 12.2 Electricity
01:50:19 12.3 Water and sanitation
01:51:51 12.4 Parks and gardens
01:53:29 12.5 Cemeteries
01:55:21 13 Healthcare
01:56:33 14 Media
01:58:14 15 International relations
01:58:24 15.1 Twin towns and partner cities
01:58:59 15.2 Other relationships
01:59:12 16 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Paris (French pronunciation: [paʁi] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and a population of 2,206,488. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.
The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated official 2018 population of 12,246,234 people, or 18.2 percent of the population of France. The Paris Region had a GDP of €681 billion (US$850 billion) in 2016, accounting for 31 percent of the GDP of France. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second-most expensive city in the world, behind Singapore and ahead of Zurich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva.The city is a major rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe after London Heathrow Airport with 69.5 million passengers in 2017) and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily, and is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro. Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world, with 262 million passengers in 2015.Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre was the most visited art museum in the world in 2017, with 8.1 million visitors. The Musée d'Orsay and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art, and the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site. Popular landmarks in the centre of the city include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, both on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, and the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur on the hill of Montmartre. Paris recei ...