RUSSIA: ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE MIDDLE EAST COOPERATION (2)
Russian/Eng/Nat
Representatives of Israel, the Palestinians, and several Arab states met on Tuesday in Moscow, in an attempt to improve Middle East regional cooperation,
The one-day talks were jointly chaired by Russian Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov and U-S Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
They also hope to inject new initiative into the stalled Middle East peace process.
Russian acting President Vladimir Putin welcomed the participants and pledged that his country would make stronger efforts to help achieve a settlement.
In Moscow - to aid the faltering Mid East peace process - Madeleine Albright, U-S Secretary of State was joined by a host of other foreign ministers.
Representatives from Israel, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Tunis and Canada, as well as the European Union were on site to hammer out their differences.
Regional co operation in the Middle East was also discussed.
It's the first time there has been such a high level meeting in Moscow since 1992.
But, despite the number of delegates, Syria and Lebanon have refused to send their representatives to the conference.
They've justified this by their failure to reach bilateral agreements with Israel.
Their open debate after more than three hours of talks underscored the dip in relations between the U-S and Russia.
This has also been marked by disagreement over a potential U-S program for space-based weapons that Russia insists would fuel a race in offensive nuclear arms.
Russian acting president Vladimir Putin later addressed the participants, saying that a Middle East settlement would rank high among Russia's foreign policy priorities.
And he maintained Russia was no longer fighting for spheres of influence in the Middle East.
SOUNDBITE: (Russian)
A real possibility has appeared the put an end the 50 years of armed confrontation in the area. There is a serious chance to open the way forward to establish a system of relations founded on mutual trust, respect and equality.
SUPER CAPTION: Vladimir Putin, Russian Acting President
The United States long has taken the lead in bringing Israeli and Palestinian leaders closer together.
By hosting the conference, Moscow is now trying to assume a more active role in the peace talks after years on the sidelines.
Israel's Foreign Minister said his country was determined to stay on track with the peace process.
SOUNDBITE: (Hebrew)
We are fighting an enemy where this enemy states clearly it intends to damage and hurt Israel and derail the peace process. Israel has the power to retaliate against such threats and will do so if it sees fit.
SUPER CAPTION: David Levy, Israeli Foreign Minister
Later at a news conference with Russia's Foreign Minister, Albright commented on the troubles in Lebanon.
Albright called on Syria to use its influence with Islamic militant Hezbollah to end fighting in southern Lebanon.
SOUNDBITE: (English)
The unfortunate events in southern Lebanon are not at all helpful to the process. And we call on Syria, Lebanon and Israel to use restraint.
SUPER CAPTION: Madeleine Albright, U-S Secretary of State
But as well as discussions over the Middle East, Albright has drawn attention to Russia's more local problem - Chechnya.
SOUNDBITE: (English)
(taking about Chechnya) We have been contributing humanitarian assistance and obviously would continue to do so. But, the main point here is let's have this end. We believe, as I said yesterday, that there needs to be a negotiated settlement to this, both sides have to sit down an negotiate and talk over.
SUPER CAPTION: Madeleine Albright, U-S Secretary of State
Albright also had a chance to visit the beautiful Christ Saviour cathedral in Moscow.
SOUNDBITE:(English)
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«Чайка». Фильм Фонда борьбы с коррупцией.
Фонд борьбы с коррупцией представляет новое расследование о бизнесе и криминальных связях сыновей генпрокурора России Артема и Игоря Чаек
Подписаться на новости Фонда борьбы с коррупцией —
Поддержать Фонд борьбы с коррупцией –
Часть 1. Греция. Об отеле Артема Чайки в Греции, вилле с видом на гору Афон и связях генпрокуратуры с Цапковской ОПГ
Часть 2. Швейцария. Про резидентскую визу, дом и счета сына генпрокурора в Швейцарии. (11:06)
Часть 3. Иркутск. О том, как Артем Чайка и его люди участвовали в рейдерском захвате Верхнеленского пароходства и похитили у государства 12 судов класса река-море. (15:53)
Часть 4. Артем. Артем Чайка оказался бенефициаром Тыретского солерудника, компании по добыче щебня, и строителем торгового комплекса в Мытищах. (24:27)
Часть 5. Игорь. Как компании, связанные с 27-летним сыном генпрокурора, смогли получить госзаказы на 300 млрд руб. (31:47)
Pro-Putin party tops regional elections, but new party makes inroads
1. Veshnyakov walks in and sits down
2. Cutaway of camera crews
3. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Alexander Veshnyakov, Central Election Commission chairman:
Lets take a look at United Russia - voters gave an average of 46 percent on March 11 for this political party in these particular regions of the Russian Federation.
4. Mid shot screen
5. Mid shot media
6. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Alexander Veshnyakov, Central Election Commission chairman:
Communists received an average of 15.77 percent of the vote in 14 regions of the (Russian) federation.
7. Cutaway of notebook
8. Reporters
9. SOUNDBITE: (Russian) Alexander Veshnyakov, Central Election Commission chairman:
The number of people who took part in these elections didn't drop compared to the same elections four years ago. That is why all these fears of analysts that turnout would be low, these fears did not come true and most likely these fears were based on non-objective analysis.
10. Cutaway of photographers
11. Veshnyakov leaving
STORYLINE:
Russian President Vladimir Putin's United Russia party was a clear frontrunner in official preliminary results in regional elections on Monday.
Lets take a look at United Russia - voters gave an average of 46 percent on March 11 for this political party in these particular regions of the Russian Federation, the Central Election Commission chairman Alexander Veshnyakov announced.
The elections on Sunday in 14 of Russia's 86 regions have no direct effect on national affairs, but were seen as a sketch of the country's political landscape as Russia heads for national parliament elections in December and next year's vote for Putin's successor.
Only in one region was United Russia outdistanced by a new party, Just Russia, that both supports Putin and promotes itself as the opposition.
The elections were seen to have provided a test for Just Russia.
Many observers consider Just Russia a tool to channel protest votes away from ardent opponents and broaden the Kremlin's support base.
Just Russia got the largest share of votes in the Stavropol region with 36 percent, compared with 23 percent for United Russia, the pro-Putin party that dominates national politics.
But Just Russia ended up with fewer seats in the regional assembly, half of which were chosen by party list and half by single mandate.
Putin is not a member of United Russia, but the party's members in the parliament are seen as doing his bidding with little question.
Although Putin himself retains wide popularity, United Russia's politicians are often regarded as greedy.
Just Russia appears to aim at presenting voters a pro-Putin but less-tainted alternative.
While 14 parties and their candidates competed in the elections, critics said the appearance of genuine pluralism was only superficial.
Sunday's vote signalled the start of a year of elections that will culminate with a March 2008 presidential vote.
Putin is constitutionally barred from running because he has served two terms.
Critics say the Kremlin - nervously eyeing his departure - wants to choreograph the elections to ensure a smooth succession and enable the popular president to maintain influence after he steps down.
Putin has hinted he will choose a favoured successor.
Critics say legislation initiated by Putin or United Russia aims to discourage pluralism and silence dissent.
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Russian-American Company | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:01 1 Early history
00:07:02 1.1 American merchants
00:10:15 2 Outside Russian America
00:10:49 2.1 Lower Pacific Northwest
00:10:59 2.1.1 Juno
00:11:50 2.1.2 Saint Nikolai expedition
00:13:09 2.2 Californias
00:17:05 2.2.1 Fort Ross
00:18:00 2.2.2 Proposed colonization
00:21:52 3 Later period
00:25:52 4 Russian-American Company flag
00:27:43 5 Chief managers
00:28:40 6 Settlements
00:28:49 6.1 In Alaska
00:30:10 6.2 Outside Alaska
00:30:39 7 Ships
00:31:32 8 See also
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Russian-American Company Under the Supreme Patronage of His Imperial Majesty (Russian: Под высочайшим Его Императорского Величества покровительством Российская-Американская Компания Pod vysochayshim Yego Imperatorskogo Velichestva porkrovitelstvom Rossiyskaya-Amerikanskaya Kompaniya) was a state-sponsored chartered company formed largely on the basis of the United American Company. The company was chartered by Tsar Paul I in the Ukase of 1799. Its mission was to establish new settlements in Russian America, conduct trade with natives, and carry out an expanded colonization program.
This was Russia's first joint-stock company, and it came under the direct authority of the Ministry of Commerce of Imperial Russia. The Minister of Commerce (later, Minister of Foreign Affairs) Nikolai Petrovich Rumyantsev was a pivotal influence upon the early Company's affairs. In 1801, the company's headquarters were moved from Irkutsk to Saint Petersburg, and the merchants who were initially the major stockholders were soon replaced by Russia's nobility and aristocracy.
Count Rumyantsev funded Russia's first naval circumnavigation under the joint command of Adam Johann von Krusenstern and Nikolai Rezanov in 1803–1806. Later he funded and directed the voyage of the Ryurik's circumnavigation of 1814–1816, which provided substantial scientific information on Alaska's and California's flora and fauna, and important ethnographic information on Alaskan and Californian (among others) natives. During the Russian-California period (1812–1842) when they operated Fort Ross, the Russians named present-day Bodega Bay, California as Rumyantsev Bay (Залив Румянцев) in his honor.
Leon Trotsky The sold out revoluton Who paid Trotsky? Secrets of the World Revolution
Secrets of the World Revolution. Who paid Trotsky? Who did fund the Bolschevic Revolution? Rothschilds , German , Bankers, Schiff. Marx, Russian. English Subtitles , Лев Троцкий. Тайна мировой революции ,Galina Ogurnaya,Director: Галина Огурная.
Russo-Japanese War | Wikipedia audio article
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Russo-Japanese War
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Russo-Japanese War (Russian: Русско-японская война, translit. Russko-japonskaja vojna; Japanese: 日露戦争, translit. Nichirosensō / Нитиросенсо̄; 1904–05) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden in Southern Manchuria and the seas around Korea, Japan and the Yellow Sea.
Russia sought a warm-water port on the Pacific Ocean for its navy and for maritime trade. Vladivostok was operational only during the summer, whereas Port Arthur, a naval base in Liaodong Province leased to Russia by China, was operational all year. Since the end of the First Sino–Japanese War in 1895, Japan feared Russian encroachment on its plans to create a sphere of influence in Korea and Manchuria. Russia had demonstrated an expansionist policy in the Siberian Far East from the reign of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century. Seeing Russia as a rival, Japan offered to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of Korea as being within the Japanese sphere of influence. Russia refused and demanded Korea north of the 39th parallel to be a neutral buffer zone between Russia and Japan. The Japanese government perceived a Russian threat to its plans for expansion into Asia and chose to go to war. After negotiations broke down in 1904, the Japanese Navy opened hostilities by attacking the Russian Eastern Fleet at Port Arthur, China, in a surprise attack.
Russia suffered multiple defeats by Japan, but Tsar Nicholas II was convinced that Russia would win and chose to remain engaged in the war; at first, to await the outcomes of certain naval battles, and later to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a humiliating peace. Russia ignored Japan's willingness early on to agree to an armistice and rejected the idea to bring the dispute to the Arbitration Court at The Hague. The war concluded with the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt. The complete victory of the Japanese military surprised world observers. The consequences transformed the balance of power in East Asia, resulting in a reassessment of Japan's recent entry onto the world stage. It was the first major military victory in the modern era of an Asian power over a European one. Scholars continue to debate the historical significance of the war.
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was the first great war of the 20th century. It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden; and the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea.
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History of Mongolia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Mongolia
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BCE to 1st century CE), the Xianbei state (c. 93 to 234 CE), the Rouran Khaganate (330-555), the Turkic Khaganate (552-744) and others, ruled the area of present-day Mongolia. The Khitan people, who used a para-Mongolic language,
founded a state known as the Liao dynasty (907-1125) in Central Asia and ruled Mongolia and portions of the present-day Russian Far East, northern Korea, and North China.
In 1206 Genghis Khan was able to unite and conquer the Mongols, forging them into a fighting force which went on to establish the largest contiguous empire in world history, the Mongol Empire (1206-1368). Buddhism in Mongolia began with the Yuan emperors' conversion to Tibetan Buddhism.
After the collapse of the Mongol-led China-based Yuan dynasty in 1368, the Mongols returned to their earlier patterns of internal strife. The Mongols also returned to their old shamanist ways after the collapse of their empire and only in the 16th and 17th centuries did Buddhism reemerge.
At the end of the 17th century, present-day Mongolia became part of the area ruled by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing in 1911, Mongolia declared independence but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish de facto independence and until 1945 to gain international recognition. As a consequence, Mongolia came under strong Soviet influence: in 1924 the Mongolian People's Republic was declared, and Mongolian politics began to follow the same patterns as Soviet politics of the time. After the revolutions of 1989, the Mongolian Revolution of 1990 led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and a transition to a market economy.
Ulaanbaatar | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Ulaanbaatar
00:01:20 1 Names and etymology
00:03:36 2 History
00:03:45 2.1 Prehistory
00:04:17 2.2 Before 1639
00:05:05 2.3 Mobile monastery
00:10:18 2.4 Urga and the Kyakhta trade
00:11:53 2.5 Independence and socialist era
00:15:44 2.6 Democratic protests of 1989–1990
00:17:08 2.7 Since 1990
00:18:38 3 Geography and climate
00:21:39 4 Panoramas
00:21:48 5 Administration and subdivisions
00:23:06 6 Economy
00:24:07 7 Sights
00:25:52 7.1 Monasteries
00:26:34 7.1.1 Winter Palace
00:27:41 7.2 Museums
00:30:34 7.3 Chinggis (Sükhbaatar) Square
00:31:27 7.4 Zaisan Memorial
00:32:01 7.5 National Sport Stadium
00:32:18 7.6 Arts and culture
00:33:45 8 Parks
00:35:37 8.1 Embassies and consulates
00:36:13 9 Religion
00:36:39 10 Municipal symbols
00:36:59 10.1 City emblem and flag
00:37:35 11 Education
00:38:51 12 Libraries
00:39:00 12.1 National Library
00:39:21 12.2 Public libraries
00:41:03 12.3 University libraries
00:41:45 12.4 Digital libraries
00:43:26 12.5 Special libraries
00:45:16 12.6 Archives
00:45:50 13 Transport
00:47:52 14 Air pollution
00:48:46 15 Twin towns – sister cities
00:48:59 15.1 Proximity to nearby urban centers abroad
00:50:01 16 Notable individuals
00:50:24 17 Appearances in fiction
00:50:45 18 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (Mongolian: Улаанбаатар, [ʊɮɑːm.bɑːtʰɑ̆r], Ulaγanbaγatur, literally Red Hero), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population as of 2014 was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's total population. Located in north central Mongolia, the municipality lies at an elevation of about 1,300 meters (4,300 ft) in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's road network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system.The city was founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic centre. It settled permanently at its present location, the junction of the Tuul and Selbe rivers, in 1778. Prior to that occasion it changed location twenty-eight times, each new location being chosen ceremonially. In the twentieth century, Ulaanbaatar grew into a major manufacturing center. Ulaanbaatar is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21. The city's official website lists Moscow, Hohhot, Seoul, Sapporo and Denver as sister cities.
History of Mongolia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Mongolia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BCE to 1st century CE), the Xianbei state (c. 93 to 234 CE), the Rouran Khaganate (330-555), the Turkic Khaganate (552-744) and others, ruled the area of present-day Mongolia. The Khitan people, who used a para-Mongolic language,
founded a state known as the Liao dynasty (907-1125) in Central Asia and ruled Mongolia and portions of the present-day Russian Far East, northern Korea, and North China.
In 1206 Genghis Khan was able to unite and conquer the Mongols, forging them into a fighting force which went on to establish the largest contiguous empire in world history, the Mongol Empire (1206-1368). Buddhism in Mongolia began with the Yuan emperors' conversion to Tibetan Buddhism.
After the collapse of the Mongol-led China-based Yuan dynasty in 1368, the Mongols returned to their earlier patterns of internal strife. The Mongols also returned to their old shamanist ways after the collapse of their empire and only in the 16th and 17th centuries did Buddhism reemerge.
At the end of the 17th century, present-day Mongolia became part of the area ruled by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing in 1911, Mongolia declared independence but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish de facto independence and until 1945 to gain international recognition. As a consequence, Mongolia came under strong Soviet influence: in 1924 the Mongolian People's Republic was declared, and Mongolian politics began to follow the same patterns as Soviet politics of the time. After the revolutions of 1989, the Mongolian Revolution of 1990 led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and a transition to a market economy.
Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Throughout Jehovah's Witnesses' history, their beliefs, doctrines, and practices have engendered controversy and opposition from local governments, communities, and religious groups.
Many Christian denominations consider the interpretations and doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses to be heretical. Some religious leaders have accused Jehovah's Witnesses of being a cult. According to law professor Archibald Cox, in the United States, Jehovah's Witnesses were the principal victims of religious persecution … they began to attract attention and provoke repression in the 1930s, when their proselytizing and numbers rapidly increased.Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries, including Cuba, the United States, Canada, Singapore, and Nazi Germany. The denomination's doctrine of political neutrality has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription (for example in Britain during World War II and afterwards during the period of compulsory national service).
During the World Wars, Jehovah's Witnesses were targeted in the United States, Canada, and many other countries for their refusal to serve in the military or help with war efforts. In Canada, Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Japanese and Chinese descent. Activities of Jehovah's Witnesses have previously been banned in the Soviet Union and in Spain, partly due to their refusal to perform military service. Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, for example in Singapore, China, Vietnam, Russia and many Muslim-majority countries.
Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:38 1 Countries
00:01:46 1.1 Benin
00:02:04 1.2 Bulgaria
00:02:51 1.3 Canada
00:04:01 1.4 Cuba
00:04:40 1.5 Eritrea
00:05:32 1.6 France
00:07:03 1.6.1 French dependencies
00:07:32 1.7 Georgia
00:09:25 1.8 Germany
00:12:11 1.9 India
00:13:43 1.10 Malawi
00:14:53 1.11 Russian Federation
00:19:08 1.12 Singapore
00:22:20 1.13 South Africa
00:24:02 1.14 South Ossetia
00:24:26 1.15 Soviet Union
00:26:36 1.16 Turkmenistan
00:28:37 1.17 United States
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8813760609085011
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Throughout the history of Jehovah's Witnesses, their beliefs, doctrines, and practices have engendered controversy and opposition from local governments, communities, and religious groups. Many Christian denominations consider the interpretations and doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses to be heretical, and some professors of religion have described the group as a cult.According to law professor Archibald Cox, in the United States, Jehovah's Witnesses were the principal victims of religious persecution … they began to attract attention and provoke repression in the 1930s, when their proselytizing and numbers rapidly increased. Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries, including Cuba, the United States, Canada, Singapore, and Nazi Germany. The denomination's doctrine of political neutrality has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription (for example in Britain during World War II and afterwards during the period of compulsory national service).
During the World Wars, Jehovah's Witnesses were targeted in the United States, Canada, and many other countries for their refusal to serve in the military or help with war efforts. In Canada, Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Japanese and Chinese descent. Activities of Jehovah's Witnesses have previously been banned in the Soviet Union and in Spain, partly due to their refusal to perform military service. Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, for example in Singapore, China, Vietnam, Russia and many Muslim-majority countries.