American Art - 14 South America: Amazonia
Fourteenth video about the American Art serie. Any doubt? Send me a message.
Historia del Arte:
Land of the Art:
The Art in the American continent is divided in three main sides: North America, Mesoamerica and South America. The amerindians emigrated from Asia to America through the Bering strait in the last glaciation.
The cultures in South America developed mostly in the andean region. The most important ones were Kotosh, Chavin, Paracas, Nasca, Moche, Lambayeque, Tiawanaku, Wari, Chimu, Inca, and the zone of Amazonia. About the origins, it is not sure if the people came from the north, the west or the Easter Island.
The art in the Amazonia is scarce and it is mostly petroglyphs, ceramics and featherwork- The tribes have to adapt to the zone. Limited access to stone and metals.
Gruta da Pedra Pintada: with prehistoric paintings from 11000 years ago.
Serra da Capivara: with paintings of figures of animals, schematization.
Marajó culture
The marajoara culture has some interesting ceramics. The tanga is that triangle ceramic with holes to put a rope and have it in the body, found in burials.
Ceramic of Santarém culture.
Shark of Sambaqui culture.
Tiriyó-Kaxuyana beadwork, memorial of the native peoples.
Featherwork.
Music: Mesoamerican II by Civilization III
Photos taken in Google images.
No copyright infringement intended.
FIRST DAY ARRIVING IN BRAZIL With The MATO GROSSO BRAZIL ENTERPRISEME TV
This is more or less like going Around The World in 80 Days From A to Z.
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Travel the world's many wonders that has little known places of interest to visit and enjoy:
Brazil
Brazil has a lot of attractions that you cannot ignore. Beautiful natural features, great cities and a golden coast are just some of the few things that define this beautiful country. Just to make sure you do not get lost in all the fun and beauty, you should have the five basic facts about Brazil in mind.
5 Facts You Might Not Know
1
The Amazon Rainforest'Considered one of the biggest rain forests in the world, the Amazon rainforest plays home to many animal and plant species. Some few native Americans also consider the forest their home and still live according to their ancient life ways in the forest.
2
The amazing Pantanal'This is a huge swamp in located in the Midwest of Brazil. Any traveler who has visited the place will testify of the beauty of the natural vegetation and wild animals that live in and around the swamp. The Pantanal covers a large area and is frequent by many travelers who love canoeing and water sports.
3
Rio de Janeiro'This is the best place to start any Brazil tour. Considered one of the world's mega cities, Rio is home to inhabitants from different backgrounds and ways of life. On one side of the city, you will easily find many famous beaches while on the other side you will find a steep mountain range. The city also has many museums and parks.
4
The Iguaca Falls'This is more than just a waterfall; it is a waterfall complex. Iguaca Falls has layers of waterfalls that descend upon each other in different directions. The waterfalls produce a roaring sound as they hit the hard jungle canopy surface below. This is one of the most visited sites in South America and one of the best tourist attraction sites in Brazil.
5
The golden coast'The coast hosts dozen of beautiful beaches. The coast was the first part of Brazil to be colonized by the Portuguese and the structures and the culture within the place still show evidence to this. The people around the coast are friendly and you can be sure of having an unforgettable time visiting.
The capital of Brazil is Brasília. The currency of Brazil is the Brazilian Real(BRL) Flag of Brazil
Brazil belongs to the South American continent
Airports in Brazil
Teresina, Pinto Martins, Augusto Severo, Aeroporto Internacional Salgado Filho, Conceicao Do Araguaia, Afonsos Aeroporto, Anapolis Braz-Afb, Aracaju Aeroporto, Alta Floresta Aeroporto, Belem Aeroporto, Bage Aeroporto, Belo Horizonte Aeroporto, Curitiba, Barbacena, Brasilia Aeroporto, Bauru, Boa Vista, Boa Vista Intl, Barra Do Garcas, Cachimbo, Campo Grande Aeroporto, Maranhao - Carolina Airport, Carajas - Maraba, Porto Alegre, Campos, Corumba, Caravelas, Cuiaba Aeroporto, Cruzeiro Do Sul, Presidente Prudente, Eduardo Gomes International, Jacareacanga, S. P. Aldeia Aerodrome, Foz Do Iguacu Aeroporto, Florianopolis Aeroporto, Fernando De Noronha, Goiania Aeroporto, Guarulhos Airport, Guaratingueta, Altamira, Itaituba, Ilheus Aeroporto, Imperatriz, Joao Pessoa, Campina Grande, Campinas Aeroporto, Londrina Aeroporto, Bom Jesus Da Lapa, Maraba, Macae, Maringa, Montes Claros, Maceio Aeroporto, Macapa, Mocoro - 17 Rosado, Marte Civ - Mil, Manicore, Oiapoque, Parnaiba Aeroporto, Pocos De Caldas, Passo Fundo, Paranagua, Pelotas, Petrolina, Porto Nacional Aeroporto, Ponta Pora Intl, Porto Seguro, Porto Velho Aeroporto, Vitoria Da Conquista, Rio Branco, Recife Aeroporto, Rio De Janeiro Aeroporto, Leite Lopes - Ribeir, Sao Carlos, Rio De Janeiro-Santa Cruz Ab, Sao Jose Dos Campo, Sao Luiz Aeroporto, Santa Maria Aero-Porto, Santarem-Aeroporto, Santos Aeroporto, Salvador Aeroporto, Tefe, Tarauaca, Tabatinga, Tucurui, Sao Gabriel Da Cachoeira, Paulo Afonso, Uberlandia, Uberaba, Vilhena Aeroporto, Vitoria Aeroporto, Iauarete, Pirassununga, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba Aeroporto, Galeao, Juiz De Fora, Rio - Jacarepagua, Manaus Aeroporto, Sao Paulo-Congonhas Aeroporto, Uruguaiana Aeroporto, Barra, Joinville, and SSOQ - Fazenda Barranco Alto
The Country dialling code of Brazil is +55, and the TLD (Top-level domain) of Brazil is .br
List of oil fields in Brazil (1)
Map of Brazil
Population
190,010,647
Languages spoken in Brazil
Portuguese
Car brands from Brazil
Brasinca, DKW-Vemag, Emme, FNM, Gurgel, Obvio!, Pag, Puma, and Sta Matilde
Coordinates (in Latitude & Longitude) of Brazil
10 00 S, 55 00 W
Kilometers of coastline
7,491 kilometers
Square kilometers of land
8,456,510 square kilometers
Square kilometers of water
55,455 square kilometers
Birth rate
16.3 / 1000 population
Death rate
6.19 / 1000 population
Irrigated land
29,200 sq km
Turismo e territórios: quem diz o que é desenvolvimento?
Essa mesa pretendeu debater os significados de desenvolvimento que estão implícitos nas argumentações dos diversos atores envolvidos na atividade turística. Como cada um desses discursos ajuda a construir diferentes realidades?
Mediador | Aguinaldo Cesar Fratucci Palestrantes | Rodrigo Fernández Miranda e Thiago Sebastiano de Melo
____________________________________________________________________
O ”Seminário Internacional Turismo e Direitos num mapa de contradições aconteceu entre os dias 12 e 13 de Junho, no Sesc 24 de Maio, propondo uma reflexão sobre a democratização do acesso e os impactos das práticas turísticas.
O evento, que fez parte das ações comemorativas aos 70 anos do Turismo Social no Sesc em São Paulo, investigou as relações entre turismo e direitos humanos, partindo da percepção já mundial de que se trata de um panorama com graves desequilíbrios. Houve debates sobre o significado de desenvolvimento (já que frequentemente a atividade turística é defendida como proposta de prosperidade para os municípios); sobre as políticas de inclusão ou exclusão dos públicos no turismo; sobre os conflitos causados pelo exercício do turismo com relação ao direito dos moradores a suas cidades; sobre os processos que acentuam diversas vulnerabilidades sociais a partir da atividade turística. Para refletir sobre esses temas o seminário recebeu estudiosos do Chile, Argentina, Espanha, Austrália, Canadá, México e do Brasil.
Saiba mais em
Remando com os Jacarés - Amazonas Kayaking - Descida do Rio Amazonas
Ao remar no Paranã do Pai Thomas, estávamos a metros de onde os jacarés passam o dia.
Paulo Randow e Diego Moraes - Descida do Rio Amazonas em caiaque duplo
Encontro das Águas (Meeting of Waters) | Clarissa Tossin || Radcliffe Institute
As part of the 2017–2018 Fellows’ Presentation Series at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Clarissa Tossin RI ’18 shares a collection of her works that are linked together by the common themes of circulation and displacement, spanning a period of almost 10 years.
Tossin is an interdisciplinary artist based in Los Angeles, California.
For information about the Radcliffe Institute and its many public programs, visit
Viagem noturna - arte indígena: Preservação
mostra de objetos da cultura material indígena no Memorial da América Latina - São Paulo/ Brasil 2008
Confederados | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Confederados
00:00:25 1 Original Confederados
00:04:13 2 Descendants of the immigrants
00:07:14 3 In fiction
00:07:34 4 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Confederados (Portuguese pronunciation: [kõfedeˈɾadus]) were some 10,000 to 20,000 Confederate American refugees who fled to Brazil, chiefly to the state of São Paulo, from the Southern United States after the American Civil War. Although many eventually returned to the United States after Reconstruction, some remained and descendants of Confederados can be found in many cities throughout Brazil.
Prehistoric art
In the history of art, prehistoric art is all art produced in preliterate, prehistorical cultures beginning somewhere in very late geological history, and generally continuing until that culture either develops writing or other methods of record-keeping, or makes significant contact with another culture that has, and that makes some record of major historical events. At this point ancient art begins, for the older literate cultures. The end-date for what is covered by the term thus varies greatly between different parts of the world.
The very earliest human artifacts showing evidence of workmanship with an artistic purpose are the subject of some debate; it is clear that such workmanship existed by 40,000 years ago in the Upper Paleolithic era. From the Upper Palaeolithic through the Mesolithic, cave paintings and portable art such as figurines and beads predominated, with decorative figured workings also seen on some utilitarian objects. In the Neolithic evidence of early pottery appeared, as did sculpture and the construction of megaliths. Early rock art also first appeared in the Neolithic. The advent of metalworking in the Bronze Age brought additional media available for use in making art, an increase in stylistic diversity, and the creation of objects that did not have any obvious function other than art. It also saw the development in some areas of artisans, a class of people specializing in the production of art, as well as early writing systems. By the Iron Age, civilizations with writing had arisen from Ancient Egypt to Ancient China.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Lusitania | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Lusitania
00:00:50 1 Origin of the name
00:02:56 2 Lusitanians
00:04:02 3 War against Rome
00:06:03 4 Roman province
00:06:12 4.1 Division under Augustus (25–20 BC)
00:08:37 4.2 Division under Diocletian
00:09:02 4.3 Governors
00:10:17 4.4 iColoniae/i and iMunicipia/i
00:11:33 5 Notable Lusitanians
00:11:47 6 Legacy of the name
00:13:09 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Lusitania (; Portuguese: Lusitânia; Spanish: Lusitania) or Hispania Lusitana was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and part of western Spain (the present autonomous community of Extremadura and a part of the province of Salamanca) lie. It was named after the Lusitani or Lusitanian people (an Indo-European people).
Its capital was Emerita Augusta (currently Mérida, Spain), and it was initially part of the Roman Republic province of Hispania Ulterior, before becoming a province of its own in the Roman Empire. Romans first came to the territory around the mid-2nd century BC. A war with Lusitanian tribes followed, from 155 to 139 BC. In 27 BC, the province was created.
Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
00:03:51 1 Etymology
00:05:32 2 History
00:05:41 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:20 2.2 Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia
00:12:01 2.3 Germanic kingdoms: Suebi and Visigoths
00:17:14 2.4 Islamic period and the Reconquista
00:19:40 2.5 County of Portucale
00:22:59 2.6 Afonsine era
00:25:56 2.7 Joanine era and Age of Discoveries
00:29:38 2.8 Iberian Union, Restoration and early Brigantine era
00:32:45 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment
00:37:45 2.10 Napoleonic era
00:40:58 2.11 Constitutional monarchy
00:44:36 2.12 First Republic and Estado Novo
00:48:01 2.13 Carnation Revolution and European integration
00:53:19 3 Geography
00:55:24 3.1 Climate
01:00:54 3.2 Biodiversity
01:05:20 4 Government and administration
01:07:04 4.1 Presidency of the Republic
01:08:05 4.2 Government
01:09:19 4.3 Parliament
01:10:14 4.4 Law and drug policy
01:12:20 4.5 LGBT+ rights in Portugal
01:13:17 4.6 Law enforcement
01:13:50 4.7 Administrative divisions
01:15:41 4.8 Foreign relations
01:18:35 4.9 Military
01:21:32 4.10 Government finance
01:25:01 5 Economy
01:30:24 5.1 Primary sector
01:34:26 5.2 Secondary sector
01:35:33 5.3 Tertiary sector
01:38:05 5.4 Quaternary sector
01:41:35 5.5 Transport
01:45:56 5.6 Energy
01:48:05 6 Demographics
01:53:14 6.1 Urbanization
01:53:23 6.2 Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Area (FUA)
01:53:40 6.3 Immigration
01:55:59 6.4 Religion
01:58:04 6.5 Languages
02:00:04 6.6 Education
02:03:58 6.7 Health
02:07:32 7 Culture
02:08:28 7.1 Architecture
02:09:14 7.2 Cinema
02:09:58 7.3 Literature
02:11:09 7.4 Cuisine
02:13:25 7.5 Music
02:16:46 7.6 Visual arts
02:18:11 7.7 Sport
02:22:24 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Theresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Henriques styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the ind ...
Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Theresa of Portugal, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Henriques styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Brazil (1822), erased to an extent Portugal's prior opulence.After the 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy, the democratic but unstable Portuguese First Republic was established, later being superseded by the Estado Novo right-wing authoritarian regime. Democracy was restored after the Carnation Revolution in 1974, ending the Portuguese Colonial War.
Shortly after, independence was granted to almost all its overseas territories. The handover of Macau to China in 1999 marked the end of what can be considered the longest-lived colonial empire.Portugal has left a profound cultural and architectural influence across the globe, a legacy of 300 million Portuguese speakers, and many Portuguese-based creoles. A member of the United Nations and the European Union, Portugal was also one of the founding members of NATO, the eurozone, the OECD, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
Portugal is a developed country with a high-income advanced economy and high living standards. It is the 4th most peaceful country in the world, and its state is the 15th most stable one, maintained under a unitary semi-presidential republican form of government. Additionally, the country ranks highly in terms of democracy (10th), social progress (20th), prosperity (25th), press freedom (14th), moral freedom (3rd), LGBTI rights (7th in Europe), ease of doing business (29th) and road network (2nd).
Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
00:03:51 1 Etymology
00:05:31 2 History
00:05:40 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:19 2.2 Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia
00:12:00 2.3 Germanic kingdoms: Suebi and Visigoths
00:17:14 2.4 Islamic period and the Reconquista
00:19:40 2.5 County of Portucale
00:22:59 2.6 Afonsine era
00:25:56 2.7 Joanine era and Age of Discoveries
00:29:37 2.8 Iberian Union, Restoration and early Brigantine era
00:32:44 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment
00:37:45 2.10 Napoleonic era
00:40:57 2.11 Constitutional monarchy
00:44:35 2.12 First Republic and Estado Novo
00:48:00 2.13 Carnation Revolution and European integration
00:53:19 3 Geography
00:55:24 3.1 Climate
01:00:53 3.2 Biodiversity
01:05:19 4 Government and administration
01:07:04 4.1 Presidency of the Republic
01:08:04 4.2 Government
01:09:18 4.3 Parliament
01:10:13 4.4 Law and drug policy
01:12:19 4.5 LGBT+ rights in Portugal
01:13:16 4.6 Law enforcement
01:13:50 4.7 Administrative divisions
01:15:40 4.8 Foreign relations
01:18:34 4.9 Military
01:21:31 4.10 Government finance
01:25:00 5 Economy
01:30:23 5.1 Primary sector
01:34:26 5.2 Secondary sector
01:35:32 5.3 Tertiary sector
01:38:04 5.4 Quaternary sector
01:41:34 5.5 Transport
01:45:56 5.6 Energy
01:48:05 6 Demographics
01:53:14 6.1 Urbanization
01:53:22 6.2 Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Area (FUA)
01:53:39 6.3 Immigration
01:55:58 6.4 Religion
01:58:03 6.5 Languages
02:00:04 6.6 Education
02:03:57 6.7 Health
02:07:32 7 Culture
02:08:28 7.1 Architecture
02:09:13 7.2 Cinema
02:09:57 7.3 Literature
02:11:08 7.4 Cuisine
02:13:25 7.5 Music
02:16:45 7.6 Visual arts
02:18:10 7.7 Sport
02:22:23 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Teresa, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Bra ...
Portugal | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Portugal
00:03:51 1 Etymology
00:05:31 2 History
00:05:40 2.1 Prehistory
00:09:19 2.2 Roman Lusitania and Gallaecia
00:12:00 2.3 Germanic kingdoms: Suebi and Visigoths
00:17:14 2.4 Islamic period and the Reconquista
00:19:40 2.5 County of Portucale
00:22:59 2.6 Afonsine era
00:25:56 2.7 Joanine era and Age of Discoveries
00:29:37 2.8 Iberian Union, Restoration and early Brigantine era
00:32:44 2.9 Pombaline era and Enlightenment
00:37:45 2.10 Napoleonic era
00:40:57 2.11 Constitutional monarchy
00:44:35 2.12 First Republic and Estado Novo
00:48:00 2.13 Carnation Revolution and European integration
00:53:19 3 Geography
00:55:24 3.1 Climate
01:00:53 3.2 Biodiversity
01:05:19 4 Government and administration
01:07:04 4.1 Presidency of the Republic
01:08:04 4.2 Government
01:09:18 4.3 Parliament
01:10:13 4.4 Law and drug policy
01:12:19 4.5 LGBT+ rights in Portugal
01:13:16 4.6 Law enforcement
01:13:50 4.7 Administrative divisions
01:15:40 4.8 Foreign relations
01:18:34 4.9 Military
01:21:31 4.10 Government finance
01:25:00 5 Economy
01:30:23 5.1 Primary sector
01:34:26 5.2 Secondary sector
01:35:32 5.3 Tertiary sector
01:38:04 5.4 Quaternary sector
01:41:34 5.5 Transport
01:45:56 5.6 Energy
01:48:05 6 Demographics
01:53:14 6.1 Urbanization
01:53:22 6.2 Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Area (FUA)
01:53:39 6.3 Immigration
01:55:58 6.4 Religion
01:58:03 6.5 Languages
02:00:04 6.6 Education
02:03:57 6.7 Health
02:07:32 7 Culture
02:08:28 7.1 Architecture
02:09:13 7.2 Cinema
02:09:57 7.3 Literature
02:11:08 7.4 Cuisine
02:13:25 7.5 Music
02:16:45 7.6 Visual arts
02:18:10 7.7 Sport
02:22:23 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣal]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa [ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ]), is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe. It is bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain. Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, both autonomous regions with their own regional governments.
Portugal is the oldest state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times. The Pre-Celts, Celts, Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples.
Portugal as a country was established during the Christian Reconquista against the Moors who had invaded the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD. Despite attempts at independence since its foundation as a county in 868, only after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128, where Portuguese forces led by Afonso Henriques defeated forces led by his mother, Teresa, the County of Portugal affirmed its sovereignty and Afonso styled himself Prince of Portugal. He would later be proclaimed King of Portugal at the Battle of Ourique in 1139 and was recognised as such, by neighbouring kingdoms, on the Treaty of Zamora, in 1143.In the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal established the first global empire, becoming one of the world's major economic, political and military powers. During this period, today referred to as the Age of Discovery, Portuguese explorers pioneered maritime exploration, notably under royal patronage of Prince Henry the Navigator and King John II, with such notable voyages as Bartolomeu Dias' sailing beyond the Cape of Good Hope (Cabo da Boa Esperança) (1488), Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India (1497–98) and the European discovery of Brazil (1500).
During this time Portugal monopolized the spice trade, and the empire expanded with military campaigns in Asia. However, events such as the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, the Industrial Revolution, the Seven Years' War, the country's occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence of Bra ...