America's Wildest Places - National Bison Range Complex, Montana
From a population of 30 to 60 million animals roaming throughout North America, bison reached a low of 100 in the wild in the late 1800's. Since 1908, the National Bison Range has played an important role in the successful recovery of these magnificent animals. The fact that we can still see bison on the landscape is one of the finest accomplishments in the history of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
The National Bison Range Complex located in northwest Montana is base for a staffed refuge - National Bison Range and 2 unstaffed refuges - Ninepipe and Pablo NWRs.
NATIONAL BISON RANGE
President Theodore Roosevelt established the National Bison Range on May 23, 1908 when he signed legislation authorizing funds to purchase suitable land for the conservation of bison. Today, 350-500 bison call this refuge home.
The Refuge is essentially a small, low-rolling mountain connected to the Mission Mountain Range by a gradually descending spur. Much of the National Bison Range was once under prehistoric Glacial Lake Missoula, which was formed about 13,000 to 18,000 years ago. Today, the National Bison Range is a diverse ecosystem of grasslands, Douglas fir and ponderosa pine forests, riparian areas and ponds. In addition to herds of bison, it supports populations of Rocky Mountain elk, mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn, and bighorn sheep as well as coyotes, mountain lions, bears, bobcat and over 200 species of birds.
Bison and humans have coexisted for a very long time. In North America, flint spear points as old as 1200 years have been found among bison bones. Native Americans hunted for meat as well as for hides for clothing and shelter. And bison were able to furnish much more - sinew used for bowstrings, hooves boiled to make glue, dung burned as fuel, and toe bones used like dice. The relationship with bison formed the basis of many Plains Indian beliefs, stories and religions.
NINEPIPE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE & PABLO NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE
In the Mission Valley of Northwest Montana, the NWRs were established as a refuge and breeding ground for native birds. The wetland habitat supports abundant waterfowl species such as mallards, northern shovelers, gadwalls, redheads and ruddy ducks. It has become an important breeding and staging area for a large portion of the Flathead Valley Canada goose population. Red-necked grebes nest on the refuge, and the refuge also contains the Valley's only nesting western grebe colony. Other birds include song sparrows, yellow headed and red winged blackbirds, and ring necked pheasants. American bitterns and sora rails can often be seen and heard. Osprey nest on platforms on the south shore of the refuge. There is an active rookery of great blue herons and double crested cormorants. Grizzly bears will sometimes move down from the Mission Mountains to forage on the refuge.
TRAVEL & TOURISM
Visitors are welcome year-round to the National Bison Range. Recreation is geared toward wildlife-oriented activities and the Bison Range is well-known for its incredible wildlife viewing and photographic opportunities. The primary means of access is by vehicle with some limited walking trails. In general, the longer and steeper Red Sleep Mountain Drive is open from mid-May to early October with the shorter Winter Drive open the remainder of the season. The Visitor Center, with displays, restrooms and bookstore, is typically open daily from mid-May to early October but has limited hours during the winter season.
Directions:
The National Bison Range is located in the Mission Valley of Northwest Montana.
From the south, take Highway 93 north to Ravalli, turning west on Highway 200 to Highway 212. Travel north on Highway 212 for 5 miles to the entrance.
From the north, take Highway 93 south of Polson for 18 miles to State Highway 212; travel 12 miles to the entrance.
From the west, turn north off Interstate 90 onto Highway 135 at St. Regis. Turn east at Highway 200 to Highway 212 just east of Dixon. Travel north on Highway 212 for 5 miles to the entrance.
GPS coordinates to Front Gate: N47 22.338 W114 15.807
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