Norway | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Norway
00:04:23 1 Etymology
00:08:12 2 History
00:08:21 2.1 Prehistory
00:10:44 2.2 Bronze Age
00:12:14 2.3 Iron Age
00:13:51 2.4 Migration period
00:15:35 2.5 Viking Age
00:18:26 2.6 Civil war and Norway at its greatest extent
00:22:14 2.7 Kalmar Union
00:24:54 2.8 Union with Denmark
00:27:02 2.9 Union with Sweden
00:32:30 2.10 Dissolution of the union
00:33:48 2.11 First and Second World Wars
00:38:00 2.12 Post-World War II history
00:41:37 3 Geography
00:45:58 3.1 Climate
00:49:23 3.2 Biodiversity
00:51:31 3.3 Environment
00:52:30 4 Politics and government
00:59:10 4.1 Administrative divisions
01:00:55 4.2 Largest cities
01:01:03 4.3 Judicial system and law enforcement
01:03:58 4.4 Foreign relations
01:05:40 4.5 Military
01:07:07 5 Economy
01:11:55 5.1 Resources
01:17:33 5.2 Transport
01:21:36 6 Demographics
01:21:45 6.1 Languages
01:25:39 6.2 Population
01:28:29 6.3 Migration
01:31:08 6.4 Religion
01:38:28 6.5 Health
01:39:49 6.6 Education
01:40:39 7 Culture
01:41:17 7.1 Human rights
01:44:02 7.2 Cinema
01:45:58 7.3 Music
01:49:29 7.4 Literature
01:52:48 7.5 Research
01:54:08 7.6 Architecture
01:56:22 7.7 Art
01:57:44 7.8 Cuisine
01:58:47 7.9 Sports
02:01:41 8 International rankings
02:02:00 9 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Norway (Norwegian: Norge (Bokmål) or Noreg (Nynorsk); Northern Sami: Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose core territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway. The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land.
Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres (148,747 sq mi) and a population of 5,312,300 (as of August 2018). The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden (1,619 km or 1,006 mi long). Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, and the Skagerrak strait to the south, with Denmark on the other side. Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea.
King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Erna Solberg became prime minister in 2013 and was reelected in September 2017. Erna Solberg replaced Jens Stoltenberg who was the prime minister between 2000 and 2001 and 2005–2013. A unitary sovereign state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution. The kingdom was established as a merger of a large number of petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,145 years, and the list of Norwegian monarchs includes over sixty kings and earls. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was a part of the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, and from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with the Kingdom of Sweden. Norway was neutral during the first World War. Norway remained neutral until April 1940 when the country was invaded and occupied by Germany until the end of World War II.
Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with both the European Union and the United States. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area.
Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its ...
The Case of the White Kitten / Portrait of London / Star Boy
London is the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, the largest city, urban zone and metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the European Union by most measures.[note 1] Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.[3] London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core.[4] The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region[5] and the Greater London administrative area,[6][note 2] governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[7]
London is a leading global city, with strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence.[8] It is the world's leading financial centre alongside New York City[9][10][11] and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.[note 3][12][13] London has been described as a world cultural capital.[14][15][16][17] It is the world's most-visited city measured by international arrivals[18] and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic.[19] London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in Europe.[20] In 2012, London became the first city to host the modern Summer Olympic Games three times.[21]
London has a diverse range of peoples and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries.[22] In March 2011, London had an official population of 8,174,100, making it the most populous municipality in the European Union,[23][24] and accounting for 12.5% of the UK population.[25] The Greater London Urban Area is the second-largest in the EU with a population of 8,278,251,[26] while the London metropolitan area is the largest in the EU with an estimated total population of between 12 million[27] and 14 million.[28] London had the largest population of any city in the world from around 1831 to 1925.[29]. The latest census reveals white Britons as minority in London for first time in modern times. [30] London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT).[31] Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries, sporting events and other cultural institutions, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Modern, British Library, Wimbledon, and 40 West End theatres.[32] The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world and will complete 150 years of operations on 9 January 2013.[33][34]