[写真]昭和61年 新潟市 Niigata City, Japan in 1986
昭和61年8月に新潟市内で撮影した写真です。
Photos taken in Niigata City, Japan in August 1986.
0:09 新潟駅前 In front of Niigata Station
0:33 萬代橋 Bandai-bashi Bridge
1:09 白山神社 Hakusan-jinja Shinto Shrine
1:39 新潟交通電車線 白山前駅(平成4年廃止)
Hakusan-mae Station of Niigata Kōtsū Electric Railway (closed in 1992)
2:10 レインボータワー（平成30年解体）から From Rainbow Tower (demolished in 2018)
3:29 カトリック新潟教会 Cathedral of Christ the King in Niigata
3:34 金井文化財館 Kanai Bunkazai-kan
3:39 旧齋藤家別邸 The Niigata Saitou Villa
3:44 西大畑公園 Nishi-ōhata Kōen Park
4:01 新潟縣護国神社一の鳥居の北側から
From the north side of Ichi-no-Torii of Niigata-ken Gokoku-jinja Shinto Shrine
4:26 市立新潟水族館(当時) Niigata Municipal Aquarium (then)
4:56 新潟県政記念館 Niigata Prefectural Government Memorial Hall
5:51 新潟市郷土資料館(当時) Niigata City History Museum (then)
6:26 信濃川河口 (現在は立入禁止） The mouth of Shinano-gawa River (off-limits now)
地図 Map
新潟駅 Niigata Station
萬代橋 Bandai-bashi Bridge
白山神社 Hakusan-jinja Shinto Shrine
白山前駅のあった場所 Where Hakusan-mae Station was
レインボータワーのあった場所 Where Rainbow Tower was
カトリック新潟教会 Cathedral of Christ the King in Niigata
新潟縣護国神社一の鳥居 Ichi-no-Torii of Niigata-ken Gokoku-jinja Shinto Shrine
市立新潟水族館(当時)のあった場所 Where then Niigata Municipal Aquarium was
新潟県政記念館 Niigata Prefectural Government Memorial Hall
新潟市郷土資料館（当時） Then Niigata City History Museum
音楽 Music is made by Band in a Box.
Niigata, Japan - Bandai Bridge & Hakusan Park / 新潟市の萬代橋と白山公園, 平成22年10月25日 / October 25, 2010
- Video report of a History Walk across Bandai Bridge over the Shinano River and a visit to Hakusan Park with images of the fountain, Niigata Prefectural Government Memorial Hall, schoolchildren leaving the Niigata Prefectural Civic Centre, and a big black crow, October 25, 2010
- 新潟市の萬代橋, 白山公園, 噴水 新潟県立記念館, 新潟県民会館を出る高校生と大きな黒いカラス, 平成22年10月25日
県政記念館【NIIGATA GOOD CONTENTS】
新潟市県政記念館
Niigata City Prefectural Government Memorial Hall
新潟市县政纪念馆
#17 - Julianna Barwick / Ichiko Aoba / Satoshi Fukushima + Junichi Hamaji / DJ Jacob
The documentary film of experimental room #17 at Niigata Kensei Kinenkan (Niigata Prefectural Government Memorial Hall) in Niigata, Japan on January 24, 2015
Live performance by
Julianna Barwick
Ichiko Aoba
Satoshi Fukushima + Junichi Hamaji
DJ by
Jacob
Video by
Satoshi Fukushima
Curated by
experimental rooms
Hiroshima Peace Museum Tour 1st & 2nd Floor (広島平和記念館）
Red Cross
Red cross TEXT
RED CROSS to 90999 to send 10$
Second Harvest Japan
Look for musicians who are making charity bands.
Artist include Lady GaGa and Ne-Yo and many other
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Anyone still looking for ways to keep on top of important information coming out of Japan about the March 11 earthquake and tsunami now has a central hub to consult, in the shape of a dedicated page from the Google Crisis Response project.
The resources listed include the Person Finder we've seen before, links to the latest information from the domestic utilities, such as Tokyo Electric (TEPCO), government agencies, and a comprehensive list of transit providers.
Many of those are pre-formatted to serve up Japanese pages in machine-translated English, but there's also a full ranzge of information for native speakers of Japanese.
Likely the most useful among these are the missing persons phone lines for the various parts of Tohoku affected by the twin disasters, while there are also continuously updating scanned photos of the resident lists in the various shelters for people displaced from their homes.
Lastly, this being a service from one of the web's heaviest hitters, there are also real time updates from Google News and Twitter.
Read more: Google swings into action with earthquake crisis response hub | CNNGo.com
Amid the horrific stories of death and destruction surrounding the March 11 earthquake and tsunami in the Tohoku region, there's still room for the occasional wry smile, such as the one surely engendered by the news of 240 refugees taking shelter in, of all places, a nuclear power plant.
The group of men, women and children from Onagawa in Miyagi Prefecture has been holed up in the plant since the tsunami hit, seemingly killing over 1,000 of the town's 10,000 population.
The irony of the nature of their refuge clearly isn't lost on the temporary residents, as the nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi power plant 120 kilometers away plays out daily on their televisions.
The electricity to power the sets, incidentally, comes direct from the regional power grid to which the Onagawa plant is attached. The facility is run by Tohoku Electric Power, a separate entity from Tokyo Electric Power, or TEPCO, the operator in charge of Fukushima.
As the group shelters in the employee gym, right next door to the reactors, the good fortune of the survivors is clear.
One man, sheltering with his family said: It's pretty spread out. People are just kind of lying around and relaxing. There are a lot of aftershocks, but it's safe.
Meanwhile, an older woman settled on a more prosaic object of gratitude: It's very clean inside. We have electricity and nice toilets.
Hiroshima city short trip,Atomic Bomb Dome,Peace Memorial Park,Hypocenter,Okonomiyaki
This video is small record of short trip to Hiroshima city Japan from Kyoto city(I live).My visit was in May of 2017. Took mainly in Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park.
*About Hiroshima Peace Center and Memorial Park
/ wikipedia
*About Hiroshima Peace Center and Memorial Park / Kenzo Tange / arch daily
*SOUNDTRACK
*MY GEAR
LUMIX GH-4
Shot in 1920*1080p @ 29.98fps.
Editing and grading in Adobe Premiere pro CC.
Strong Quake Near Osaka, Japan Kills 3
TOKYO (AP) - A strong earthquake knocked over walls and set off scattered fires around metropolitan Osaka in western Japan on Monday, killing at least three people and injuring more than 210.
A 9-year-old girl was killed by a falling concrete wall at her school, and the two other fatalities were men in their 80s.
The Fire and Disaster Management Agency said 214 people were treated for injuries at hospitals. Most of the injured were in Osaka - Japan's No. 2 city bustling with businesses. Osaka officials did not give details, but the injuries reported in Kyoto and three other neighboring prefectures were all minor.
The Osaka prefectural government's disaster management department confirmed the girl's death and the death of an older man. The third victim died in the nearby city of Ibaraki.
A falling concrete wall knocked down Rina Miyake as she walked by at her elementary school in Takatsuki. NHK public television aired footage showing the collapsed upper half of the high wall, which was cheerfully painted with trees, flowers and blue sky and surrounded the school swimming pool.
Takatsuki Mayor Takeshi Hamada apologized over her death because of the wall's collapse. The structure was old and made of concrete blocks - a known risk in earthquakes.
A man in his 80s died in the collapse of a concrete wall in Osaka city. An 84-year-old man in nearby Ibaraki died after a bookshelf fell on top of him at home, according to city officials. Many homes and buildings, including a major hospital, were temporarily without power, though electricity was restored at most places by midafternoon.
The magnitude 6.1 earthquake struck shortly after 8 a.m. north of Osaka at a depth of about 13 kilometers (8 miles), the Japan Meteorological Agency said. The strongest shaking was north of Osaka, but the quake rattled large parts of western Japan, including Kyoto, the agency said.
The quake knocked over walls, broke windows and set off scattered building fires. It toppled book shelves in homes and scattered goods on shop floors. It also cracked roads and broke water pipes, leaving homes without water.
The morning commute was disrupted, as dozens of domestic flights in and out of Osaka were grounded, while train and subway service in the Osaka area including the bullet train were suspended to check for damage. Passengers were seen exiting trains on the tracks between stations. Some subway services started to resume in the afternoon.
The earthquake reminded many in Japan of the magnitude 7.3 Hanshin-Kobe quake in 1995 that killed more than 6,000 in the region. Monday's quake also followed a series of smaller quakes near Tokyo in recent weeks.
A 30-year-old lawyer Jun Kawasaki said the quake reminded him of the Kobe quake 23 years ago, and started packing up immediately to run away.
It was not as bad as the Kobe quake, he told the Associated Press from Osaka. His girlfriend ducked down under the table. Elevators in his office building were out of operation. I used the stairs but I was out of breath by the time I arrived at my office on the 20th floor.
Japanese Army Holds Major Military Parade Amid Rising Tensions Over Disputed Islands!!
Resultados da pesquisa
3 killed in dust storm crashes on I-10 in Arizona | CNS News
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18 horas atrás - Authorities say three people are dead and at least 12 others injured ... in the 19-vehicle pileup on Interstate 10 between Phoenix and Tucson.
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38 min atrás - Three people were killed and 12 injured on Tuesday in a multi-car pile-up during a dust storm between Phoenix and Tucson. 19 Vehicles were involved in the accident. ... us news. Locksmith cracks old safe, finds gold. AP Online Video. 0:49 2 hr ago · Blackbeard's Cannons ... today's top news. Arizona dust ...
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19 horas atrás - Arizona dust storm kills 3 and injures 12 after causing 19-car pileup on ... A dust storm in Arizona is being blamed for the deaths of three people ... DPS officials said 19 vehicles - 10 commercial vehicles, seven ... Most Popular; Top Rated ... U.S. soldiers in Afghanistan using Craigslist to hook up with each ...
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3 horas atrás - Twelve other people were injured Tuesday in the 19-vehicle pileup on ... Three people were killed and at least 12 injured after a dust storm led to multiple crashes Tuesday on Interstate ... WATCH: Arizona Dust Storm Pile-Up Kills Three. ... The United States Government Plans Major Drill In November To ...
Video: Arizona dust storm pile-up kills three - The Globe and Mail
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3 killed in Phoenix freeway pileup amid dust storm ... Published By: USA Today National - Today. New In Last 40 minutes; 3 dead, many injured in 19-vehicle pileup on I-10 in ... triggered crashes involving at least 19 vehicles that left three people dead ... 3 dead, many injured in 19-vehicle pileup in Arizona · UPI Top News ...
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[Japan Trip Channel] Hokkaido
Thanks for your time to watch this movie!!
This movie is introducing the famous spots in Sapporo, Hokkaido.
Let's enjoy the spots :)
[Reference]
Sapporo Clock Tower
Hokkaido University
The Hokkaido University Museum
Hokkaido Governor's Official Residence
Sapporo TV Tower
Former Hokkaido Government Office Building
Sapporo Agricultural College Farm No.2
Sapporo Shiryokan
Seikatei
Edwin Dun Memorial Museum
Lloyd's Coffee Former Oguma Residence
The Archives of Hokkaido
Historical Museum of Hokkaido
[Other Movies]
Niigata
Tourism in Japan
Japan attracted 13,413,600 international tourists in 2014, slightly more than Singapore. Japan has 16 World Heritage Sites, including Himeji Castle and Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto. Popular foreigner attractions include Tokyo and Nara, Mount Fuji, ski resorts such as Niseko in Hokkaido, Okinawa, riding the shinkansen and taking advantage of Japan's hotel and hotspring network.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:30 1 Background
00:03:39 1.1 Pacific War
00:07:34 1.2 Preparations to invade Japan
00:12:07 1.3 Air raids on Japan
00:18:24 1.4 Atomic bomb development
00:20:42 2 Preparations
00:20:52 2.1 Organization and training
00:24:26 2.2 Choice of targets
00:29:22 2.3 Proposed demonstration
00:32:52 2.4 Leaflets
00:35:38 2.5 Consultation with Britain and Canada
00:38:34 2.6 Potsdam Declaration
00:40:48 2.7 Bombs
00:43:02 3 Hiroshima
00:43:11 3.1 Hiroshima during World War II
00:46:46 3.2 Bombing of Hiroshima
00:51:32 3.3 Events on the ground
00:57:39 3.4 Japanese realization of the bombing
00:59:47 4 Events of August 7–9
01:03:33 5 Nagasaki
01:03:42 5.1 Nagasaki during World War II
01:06:27 5.2 Bombing of Nagasaki
01:16:15 5.3 Events on the ground
01:20:05 6 Plans for more atomic attacks on Japan
01:22:07 7 Surrender of Japan and subsequent occupation
01:26:10 8 Reportage
01:32:19 9 Post-attack casualties
01:35:04 9.1 Cancer increases
01:36:54 9.2 Birth defect investigations
01:39:42 9.3 Investigations into brain development
01:44:24 10 iHibakusha/i
01:47:01 10.1 Double survivors
01:48:22 10.2 Korean survivors
01:49:11 11 Memorials
01:51:37 12 Debate over bombings
01:53:24 13 Legacy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9083692744991658
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively, with the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000–226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of armed conflict.
In the final year of the war, the Allies prepared for what was anticipated to be a very costly invasion of the Japanese mainland. This undertaking was preceded by a conventional and firebombing campaign that devastated 67 Japanese cities. The war in Europe had concluded when Germany signed its instrument of surrender on May 8, 1945. As the Allies turned their full attention to the Pacific theater, Japan faced the same fate. The Allies called for the unconditional surrender of the Imperial Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945—the alternative being prompt and utter destruction. Japan ignored the ultimatum and the war continued.
By August 1945, the Allies' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bombs, and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands. Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25. On August 6, one of the modified B-29s dropped a uranium gun-type (Little Boy) bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a plutonium implosion (Fat Man) bomb was dropped by another B-29 on Nagasaki. The bombs immediately devastated their targets. Over the next two to four months, the acute effects of the atomic bombings killed 90,000–146,000 people in Hiroshima and 39,000–80,000 people in Nagasaki; roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day. Large numbers of people continued to die from the effects of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition, for many months afterward. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison.
On August 15—six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war—Japan announced its surrender to the Allies. On September 2 in Tokyo Bay, the Japanese government signed the instrument of surrender, which effectively ended World War II. The effects of ...
9 Tragic Cases of Missing Children
Children are precious. A parent’s love for their children is unparalleled, so when a child goes missing it destroys the lives of those parents who loved and cherished their offspring so dearly, and often captures the undivided attention of a whole country, or even the world. This list takes a look at 9 tragic cases of missing children. For obvious reasons, the word ‘top’ has not been included in the title as each one of these is as heartbreaking and catastrophic as the next.
9 Tragic Cases of Missing Children
???? Thank for watching! If You enjoy it, please Like, Share and Subscribe this Chanel. Everyday we just publish one or two videos????
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Great Hanshin earthquake | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:17 1 Earthquake
00:03:17 1.1 Intensity
00:04:45 1.2 Damage
00:10:07 1.3 Name
00:11:03 2 Other aspects
00:12:28 2.1 Volunteerism
00:13:20 2.2 Disaster planning
00:14:45 2.3 Memorials
00:15:24 3 Response
00:16:47 4 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9642515482831026
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Great Hanshin earthquake (阪神・淡路大震災, Hanshin Awaji daishinsai), or Kobe earthquake, occurred on January 17, 1995 at 05:46:53 JST (January 16 at 20:46:53 UTC) in the southern part of Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan, including the region known as Hanshin. It measured 6.9 on the moment magnitude scale and had a maximum intensity of 7 on the JMA Seismic Intensity Scale. The tremors lasted for approximately 20 seconds. The focus of the earthquake was located 17 km beneath its epicenter, on the northern end of Awaji Island, 20 km away from the center of the city of Kobe.
Up to 6,434 people lost their lives; about 4,600 of them were from Kobe. Among major cities, Kobe, with its population of 1.5 million, was the closest to the epicenter and hit by the strongest tremors. This was Japan's worst earthquake in the 20th century after the Great Kantō earthquake in 1923, which claimed more than 105,000 lives.
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States dropped the bombs after obtaining the consent of the United Kingdom, as required by the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings killed 129,000–226,000 people, most of whom were civilians. They remain the only use of nuclear weapons in the history of warfare.
In the final year of the war, the Allies prepared for what was anticipated to be a very costly invasion of the Japanese mainland. This undertaking was preceded by a conventional and firebombing campaign that destroyed 67 Japanese cities. The war in Europe had concluded when Germany signed its instrument of surrender on May 8, 1945. As the Allies turned their full attention to the Pacific War, the Japanese faced the same fate. The Allies called for the unconditional surrender of the Imperial Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945—the alternative being prompt and utter destruction. The Japanese rejected the ultimatum and the war continued.
By August 1945, the Allies' Manhattan Project had produced two types of atomic bombs, and the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) was equipped with the specialized Silverplate version of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress that could deliver them from Tinian in the Mariana Islands. Orders for atomic bombs to be used on four Japanese cities were issued on July 25. On August 6, one of its B-29s dropped a Little Boy uranium gun-type bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, on August 9, a Fat Man plutonium implosion-type bomb was dropped by another B-29 on Nagasaki. The bombs immediately devastated their targets. Over the next two to four months, the acute effects of the atomic bombings killed 90,000–146,000 people in Hiroshima and 39,000–80,000 people in Nagasaki; roughly half of the deaths in each city occurred on the first day. Large numbers of people continued to die from the effects of burns, radiation sickness, and other injuries, compounded by illness and malnutrition, for many months afterward. In both cities, most of the dead were civilians, although Hiroshima had a sizable military garrison.
Japan announced its surrender to the Allies on August 15, six days after the bombing of Nagasaki and the Soviet Union's declaration of war. On September 2, the Japanese government signed the instrument of surrender, effectively ending World War II. The ethical and legal justification for the bombings is still debated to this day.
List of planetariums | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:13 1 Permanent planetariums
00:00:37 1.1 Africa
00:01:21 1.2 Asia
00:06:51 1.3 Europe
00:21:00 1.4 North America
00:21:09 1.4.1 Canada
00:22:56 1.4.2 Costa Rica
00:23:08 1.4.3 Mexico
00:25:50 1.4.4 United States
00:40:49 1.5 Oceania
00:41:41 1.6 South America
00:44:17 2 Planetarium computer software
00:45:02 3 Planetarium manufacturers
00:50:40 4 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9924122717036314
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This entry is a list of permanent planetariums, including software and manufacturers. In addition, many mobile planetariums exist, touring venues such as schools.
Surrender of Japan | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Surrender of Japan
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The surrender of Imperial Japan was announced on August 15 and formally signed on September 2, 1945, bringing the hostilities of World War II to a close. By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was incapable of conducting major operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent. Together with the British Empire and China, the United States called for the unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945—the alternative being prompt and utter destruction. While publicly stating their intent to fight on to the bitter end, Japan's leaders (the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War, also known as the Big Six) were privately making entreaties to the still-neutral Soviet Union to mediate peace on terms more favorable to the Japanese. Meanwhile, the Soviets were preparing to attack Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea (in addition to South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands) in fulfillment of promises they had secretly made to the United States and the United Kingdom at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences.
On August 6, 1945, at 8:15 AM local time, the United States detonated an atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Sixteen hours later, American President Harry S. Truman called again for Japan's surrender, warning them to expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth. Late in the evening of August 8, 1945, in accordance with the Yalta agreements, but in violation of the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, and soon after midnight on August 9, 1945, the Soviet Union invaded the Imperial Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo. Later in the day, the United States dropped a second atomic bomb, this time on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. Following these events, Emperor Hirohito intervened and ordered the Supreme Council for the Direction of the War to accept the terms the Allies had set down in the Potsdam Declaration for ending the war. After several more days of behind-the-scenes negotiations and a failed coup d'état, Emperor Hirohito gave a recorded radio address across the Empire on August 15. In the radio address, called the Jewel Voice Broadcast (玉音放送, Gyokuon-hōsō), he announced the surrender of Japan to the Allies.
On August 28, the occupation of Japan led by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers began. The surrender ceremony was held on September 2, aboard the United States Navy battleship USS Missouri, at which officials from the Japanese government signed the Japanese Instrument of Surrender, thereby ending the hostilities. Allied civilians and military personnel alike celebrated V-J Day, the end of the war; however, isolated soldiers and personnel from Japan's far-flung forces throughout Asia and the Pacific refused to surrender for months and years afterwards, some even refusing into the 1970s. The role of the atomic bombings in Japan's unconditional surrender, and the ethics of the two attacks, is still debated. The state of war formally ended when the Treaty of San Francisco came into force on April 28, 1952. Four more years passed before Japan and the Soviet Union signed the Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956, which formally brought an end to their state of war.
Nichiren Buddhism | Wikipedia audio article
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Nichiren Buddhism
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SUMMARY
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Nichiren Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th-century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282) and is one of the Kamakura Buddhism schools. Its teachings derive from some 300–400 extant letters and treatises attributed to Nichiren.With the advent, and proselytizing efforts, of the Soka Gakkai International, called the most prominent Japanese 'export' religion to draw significant numbers of non-Japanese converts, Nichiren Buddhism has spread throughout the world.
Within Nichiren Buddhism there are two major divisions which fundamentally differ over whether Nichiren should be regarded as a bodhisattva of the earth, a saint, great teacher—or the actual Buddha of the third age of Buddhism. Several Japanese new religions are Nichiren-inspired lay groups. It is practiced worldwide, with practitioners throughout the United States, Brazil and Europe, as well as in South Korea and southeast Asia. The largest sects are the Soka Gakkai/(Soka Gakkai International), Nichiren Shu, and Nichiren Shoshu.Nichiren Buddhism focuses on the Lotus Sutra doctrine that all people have an innate Buddha-nature and are therefore inherently capable of attaining enlightenment in their current form and present lifetime. Nichiren proposed a classification system that ranks the quality of religions and various Nichiren schools can be either accommodating or vigorously opposed to any other forms of Buddhism or religious beliefs.
There are three essential aspects to Nichiren Buddhism:
The undertaking of faith.
The practice of chanting Nam Myoho Renge Kyo accompanied by selected recitations of the Lotus Sutra and teaching others to do the same.
The study of Nichiren’s scriptural writings called Gosho.The Nichiren Gohonzon is a calligraphic image which is prominently displayed in the home or temple buildings of its believers. The Gohonzon used in Nichiren Buddhism is composed of the names of key bodhisattvas and Buddhas in the Lotus Sutra as well as Namu-Myoho-Renge-Kyo written in large characters down the center.After his death, Nichiren left to his followers the mandate to widely propagate the Gohonzon and Daimoku in order to secure the peace and prosperity of society.Traditional Nichiren Buddhist temple groups are commonly associated with Nichiren Shoshu and varying Nichiren Shu schools. There are also modern 21st-century lay groups not affiliated with temples such as Soka Gakkai, Kenshokai, Shoshinkai, Risshō Kōsei Kai, and Honmon Butsuryū-shū.