Nile Delta Tours

Egypt- kafr elsheikh

El gam3aaaa

beautiful of kafr el zayat egypt

kafr el zayat egypt

تحيا مصر || وزير السياحة والآثار يتفقد أعمال التطوير بشجرة السيدة مريم العذراء و المنطقة المحيطة

#تحيا_مصر
تفقد صباح اليوم الخميس الدكتور خالد العناني وزير السياحة والآثار و اللواء محمود شعراوي وزير التنمية المحلية ، واللواء خالد عبدالعال محافظ القاهرة أعمال التطوير الجارية بشجرة السيدة مريم العذراء و المنطقة المحيطة بها ومحكي البئر بمنطقة المطرية بالقاهرة والتي تعد أحد نقاط مسار العائلة المقدسة بمصر وذلك بحضور د. مصطفي وزيري الأمين العام للمجلس الاعلي للاثار و المهندس وعد ابو العلا رئيس قطاع المشروعات و د. جمال مصطفي رئيس قطاع الاثار الاسلامية و القبطية و اليهودية و عدد من أعضاء مجلس النواب و قيادات المحافظة.

و خلال الجولة أعرب الدكتور خالد العناني عن حرصه الشديد علي ان تكون اولي جولاته التفقدية هذا العام هي زيارة شجرة السيدة العذراء مريم، احد نقاط مسار العائلة المقدسة مؤكدا علي أهمية عنصر الوقت في الانتهاء من كافة أعمال تطوير ورفع كفاءة الخدمات السياحية بها و المنطقة المحيطة بالشجرة عقب انتهاء الشركة المنفذة لاعمال الصرف الصحي، مشيرا الي أهمية المشاركة المجتمعية في اعمال التطوير .
كما استمع د. العناني و اللواء شعراوي و اللواء عبد العال إلي شرح مفصل من الدكتور جمال مصطفي رئيس قطاع الآثار الإسلامية و القبطية عن مراحل أعمال مشروع تطوير منطقة شجرة مريم و التي بدأتها وزارة السياحة و الاثار ، وقال الدكتور جمال مصطفى أن المشروع يتضمن ترميم الشجرة و عمل أسوار حديثة حول المنطقة واستكمال كل أعمال تشغيل شلالات المياه بالكامل والموجودة عند فوهة البئر المجاور للشجرة كمنظر جمالى للمنطقة، و أعمال خدمات رفع المياه، بالإضافة إلى تجهيز منطقة الكافيتريات، وتطوير نظم الإضاءة و التأمين بالمنطقة الأثرية، ورفع كفاءة الحديقة العامة، و تجهيز مركز للزوار وإقامة قاعتى عرض دائم بالمنطقة لتعريف الزائرين بتاريخ رحلة العائلة المقدسة في مصر وتاريخ شجرة مريم من خلال عرض أفلام تسجيلية ووثائقية، وبذلك يكون الموقع جاهزا تمامًا لاستقبال الزائرين وتعتبر منطقة شجرة مريم واحدة من أهم المناطق الأثرية الواقعة على مسار رحلة العائلة المقدسة.
كما استمعوا الي شرح من المهندس ابراهيم صابر نائب محافظ القاهرة حول أعمال الصرف الصحي بالمنطقة ونقل المرافق التى تتم حالياً ، حيث أكد نائب المحافظ أن الشركة المنفذة لتلك الأعمال سوف تنتهي منها خلال شهر فبراير القادم ، ووجه شعراوي بضرورة المتابعة المستمرة مع الشركة لسرعة تنفيذ أعمال الصرف الصحي وعدم حدوث أي تأخير نظراً لأهمية هذا المشروع القومي المهم لمصر .

وطالب وزير التنمية المحلية مسئولي المحافظة بسرعة الإنتهاء من طلاء وتجميل العقارات المجاورة لمنطقة شجرة مريم ، لتليق بصورة مصر خاصة حيث أن هذه النقطة من نقاط مسار العائلة المقدسة المهمة بالقاهرة والتي ستشهد إقبال عدد كبير من السياح والزائرين لها ، كما شدد الوزير شعراوي علي أهمية إزالة اَي إشغالات أو مخالفات في المنطقة، مثمنًا علي تعاون أعضاء مجلس النواب للمساعدة في أعمال التطوير الجارية خاصة طلاء العقارات المجاورة لشجرة مريم وزراعة بعض الأشجار بالمنطقة المحيطة .

كما اتفق د. خالد العناني و اللواء شعراوي علي القيام بعدد من الجولات التفقدية لبعض نقاط مسار العائلة المقدسة في المحافظات الثمانية التي يتضمنها خط سير العائلة المقدسة فى مصر، كما اتفق الوزيران و المحافظ علي عقد اجتماع خلال الشهر الجاري بحضور كافة الجهات المعنية لاستعراض آخر المستجدات الخاصة بهذا المشروع الهام والذي يتابعه السيد رئيس الجمهورية والسيد رئيس مجلس الوزراء باهتمام كبير.

جدير بالذكر أن مشروع احياء مسار العائلة المقدسة إلي مصر يعد مشروعاً قومياً باعتباره محوراً عمرانياً تنموياً يقوده قطاع السياحة ويؤدي إلي تنمية هذا المحور الي تنمية المجتمعات المحيطة بطول المسار.

يضم مسار رحلة العائلة المقدسة ٢٥ نقطة تمتد لمسافة 3500 ذهابا وعودة من سيناء حتى أسيوط، حيث يحوي كل موقع حلت به العائلة مجموعة من الآثار في صورة كنائس أو أديرة أو آبار مياه ومجموعة من الأيقونات القبطية الدالة على مرور العائلة المقدسة بتلك المواقع وفقا لما أقرته الكنيسة القبطية الأرثوذكسية في مصر.
حيث بدأت رحلة دخول العائلة المقدسة من رفح بالشمال الشرقى للبلاد، مرورا بالفرما شرق بورسعيد، وإقليم الدلتا عند سخا بكفر الشيخ، وتل بسطا بالشرقية، وسمنود بالغربية، ثم انتقلت إلى وادي النطرون في الصحراء الغربية حيث أديرة الأنبا بيشوى والسيدة العذراء السريان، والبراموس، والقديس أبو مقار.

ثم اتجهت بعد ذلك إلى منطقة مسطرد والمطرية حيث توجد شجرة مريم، ثم كنيسة زويلة بالقاهرة الفاطمية، ثم مناطق مصر القديمة عند كنيسة أبو سرجه في وسط مجمع الأديان ، ومنها إلى كنيسة المعادى وهى نقطة عبور العائلة المقدسة لنهر النيل حيث ظهرت صفحة الكتاب المقدس على سطح المياه مشيرة إلى المقولة الشهيرة مبارك شعبى مصر، وصولا إلى المنيا حيث جبل الطير، ثم أسيوط حيث يوجد دير المحرق وبه أول كنيسة دشنها السيد المسيح بيده، ثم انتقلت إلى مغارة درنكة، ثم العودة مجددا إلى أرض الموطن عند بيت لحم.
............
وزارة السياحة و الاثار

desouk

dessouk‏‎Kafr El Sheikh‎

nour ELkhteep

Beautiful Egypt

Amazing beaches in Egypt

FOWA IN EGYPT (4).wmv ابن مصر

ابن مصر

Alexandria Egypt

Created by VideoShow:

Sunrise in Kafr Libs

Rotary Club of Cairo Sunrise 08-09 Service Project was to develop an extreamly poor village in Upper Egypt- we selected the name of the Project to be: SUNRISE IN KAFR LIBS
Please watch the video....

Villa For Sale Hurghada Red Sea Egypt

Villa For Sale in El Helal in Hurghada Red Sea Egypt

ibn tamim. Directed and edited by Hassan Zakaria

this film is about the annual ceremonial event in el manzala village in Delta, egypt. they celebrate the birth day of the prophet Muhammad companion Ibn Tamim on their own way.

Ramy Essam and 350.org Connect the Dots in Cairo - 5/5/2012

رامى عصام يشارك فى اليوم العالمى للتأثيرات المناخية بالقاهرة ٥/٥/٢٠١٢ تحت شعار وصل بين النقاط لتسليط الضوء على العلاقة بين إستهلاك الوقود و مشكلة التغيرالمناخى و تأثيره على مصر و بالأخص الدلتا المصرية
لمزيد من المعلومات عن الحملة العالمية لوقف خطر التغيرات المناخية زوروا
350.org و facebook.com/350Egypt

و زوروا موقع المبادرة البيئية (جرين أرم): facebook.com/GreenArm

شكراَ لرامى عصام:

تصوير و مونتاج: كريم رشدى


Singer Ramy Essam performs on 5/5/2012 at the Global Day of Climate Impacts event in Cairo to connect the dots between burning fossil fuels, climate change and the impacts on Egypt's Nile Delta.

For more information about the global movement to stop the climate crisis please go to 350.org and visit facebook.com/350Egypt

For more about Green Arm: facebook.com/GreenArm

Thank you Ramy Essam:

Video shot and edited by Karim Roushdy

Alexandria | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Alexandria


00:02:00 1 History
00:02:09 1.1 Ancient era
00:06:28 1.2 Muhammad's era
00:07:51 1.3 Islamic era
00:10:07 1.4 Ibn Battuta in Alexandria
00:11:21 1.5 Timeline
00:12:19 2 Layout of the ancient city
00:18:08 3 Geography
00:18:23 3.1 Climate
00:20:19 4 Historical sites and landmarks
00:26:23 4.1 Temple of Taposiris Magna
00:27:19 5 Religion
00:27:28 5.1 Islam
00:28:23 5.2 Christianity
00:31:22 5.3 Judaism
00:32:07 6 Education
00:32:16 6.1 Colleges and universities
00:33:31 6.2 Schools
00:35:59 7 Transport
00:36:08 7.1 Airports
00:36:57 7.2 Highways
00:37:27 7.3 Rail
00:38:17 7.4 Trams
00:40:05 7.5 Taxis and minibuses
00:41:54 7.6 Port
00:42:23 8 Culture
00:42:31 8.1 Libraries
00:43:32 8.2 Museums
00:44:24 8.3 Sports
00:45:47 8.4 Theaters
00:46:02 8.5 Tourism
00:47:48 9 International relations
00:47:58 9.1 Twin towns/sister cities



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Alexandria ( or ; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندريه‎ Eskendereyya; Arabic: الإسكندرية‎ al-ʾIskandariyya; Coptic: ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ Alexandria or ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ Rakote) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also a popular tourist destination.
Alexandria was founded around a small, ancient Egyptian town c. 332 BC by Alexander the Great, king of Macedon and leader of the Greek League of Corinth, during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. Alexandria became an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1,000 years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world; now replaced by a modern one); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was at one time the second most powerful city of the ancient Mediterranean region, after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton.

Alexandria | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:01:50 1 History
00:01:59 1.1 Ancient era
00:05:59 1.2 Muhammad's era
00:07:16 1.3 Islamic era
00:09:24 1.4 Ibn Battuta in Alexandria
00:10:33 1.5 Timeline
00:11:27 2 Layout of the ancient city
00:16:52 3 Geography
00:17:08 3.1 Climate
00:18:53 4 Historical sites and landmarks
00:24:31 4.1 Temple of Taposiris Magna
00:25:25 5 Religion
00:25:34 5.1 Islam
00:26:24 5.2 Christianity
00:29:08 5.3 Judaism
00:29:49 6 Education
00:29:58 6.1 Colleges and universities
00:31:07 6.2 Schools
00:33:22 7 Transport
00:33:31 7.1 Airports
00:34:17 7.2 Highways
00:34:46 7.3 Rail
00:35:33 7.4 Trams
00:37:15 7.5 Taxis and minibuses
00:38:58 7.6 Port
00:39:26 8 Culture
00:39:34 8.1 Libraries
00:40:31 8.2 Museums
00:41:22 8.3 Sports
00:42:39 8.4 Theaters
00:42:54 8.5 Tourism
00:44:32 9 International relations
00:44:42 9.1 Twin towns/sister cities



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.9633631073776971
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Alexandria ( or ; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندريه‎ Eskendereyya; Arabic: الإسكندرية‎ al-ʾIskandariyya; Coptic: ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ Alexandria or ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ Rakote) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also a popular tourist destination.
Alexandria was founded around a small, ancient Egyptian town c. 332 BC by Alexander the Great, king of Macedon and leader of the Greek League of Corinth, during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. Alexandria became an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1,000 years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world; now replaced by a modern one); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was at one time the second most powerful city of the ancient Mediterranean region, after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton.

Alexandria | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Alexandria

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Alexandria ( or ; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندريه‎ Eskendereyya; Arabic: الإسكندرية‎ al-ʾIskandariyya; Coptic: ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ Alexandria or ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ Rakote) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also a popular tourist destination.
Alexandria was founded around a small, ancient Egyptian town c. 332 BC by Alexander the Great, king of Macedon and leader of the Greek League of Corinth, during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. Alexandria became an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1,000 years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world; now replaced by a modern one); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was at one time the second most powerful city of the ancient Mediterranean region, after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton.

Alexandria | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:02:16 1 History
00:02:25 1.1 Ancient era
00:07:18 1.2 Muhammad's era
00:08:51 1.3 Islamic era
00:11:26 1.4 Ibn Battuta in Alexandria
00:12:51 1.5 Timeline
00:13:56 2 Layout of the ancient city
00:20:39 3 Geography
00:20:56 3.1 Climate
00:23:06 4 Historical sites and landmarks
00:30:01 4.1 Temple of Taposiris Magna
00:31:05 5 Religion
00:31:14 5.1 Islam
00:32:15 5.2 Christianity
00:35:38 5.3 Judaism
00:36:27 6 Education
00:36:36 6.1 Colleges and universities
00:38:01 6.2 Schools
00:40:47 7 Transport
00:40:56 7.1 Airports
00:41:50 7.2 Highways
00:42:25 7.3 Rail
00:43:20 7.4 Trams
00:45:25 7.5 Taxis and minibuses
00:47:30 7.6 Port
00:48:02 8 Culture
00:48:11 8.1 Libraries
00:49:20 8.2 Museums
00:50:19 8.3 Sports
00:51:53 8.4 Theaters
00:52:11 8.5 Tourism
00:54:10 9 International relations
00:54:21 9.1 Twin towns/sister cities



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:

Other Wikipedia audio articles at:

Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:

Speaking Rate: 0.9156169266072111
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Alexandria ( or ; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندريه‎ Eskendereyya; Arabic: الإسكندرية‎ al-ʾIskandariyya; Coptic: ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ Alexandria or ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ Rakote, Greek:Αλεξανδρεία) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also a popular tourist destination.
Alexandria was founded around a small, ancient Egyptian town c. 332 BC by Alexander the Great, king of Macedon and leader of the Greek League of Corinth, during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. Alexandria became an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1,000 years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was at one time the second most powerful city of the ancient Mediterranean region, after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton.

Alexandria | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Alexandria

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
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Alexandria ( or ; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندريه‎ Eskendereyya; Arabic: الإسكندرية‎ al-ʾIskandariyya; Coptic: ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ Alexandria or ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ Rakote) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about 32 km (20 mi) along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country. Its low elevation on the Nile delta makes it highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Alexandria is an important industrial center because of its natural gas and oil pipelines from Suez. Alexandria is also a popular tourist destination.
Alexandria was founded around a small, ancient Egyptian town c. 332 BC by Alexander the Great, king of Macedon and leader of the Greek League of Corinth, during his conquest of the Achaemenid Empire. Alexandria became an important center of Hellenistic civilization and remained the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt and Roman and Byzantine Egypt for almost 1,000 years, until the Muslim conquest of Egypt in AD 641, when a new capital was founded at Fustat (later absorbed into Cairo). Hellenistic Alexandria was best known for the Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos), one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World; its Great Library (the largest in the ancient world; now replaced by a modern one); and the Necropolis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Middle Ages. Alexandria was at one time the second most powerful city of the ancient Mediterranean region, after Rome. Ongoing maritime archaeology in the harbor of Alexandria, which began in 1994, is revealing details of Alexandria both before the arrival of Alexander, when a city named Rhacotis existed there, and during the Ptolemaic dynasty.
From the late 18th century, Alexandria became a major center of the international shipping industry and one of the most important trading centers in the world, both because it profited from the easy overland connection between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and the lucrative trade in Egyptian cotton.