Old Constitution House

Dash cam: driving the streets of Windsor, VT

Ride through the streets of Windsor, VT via my dash cam. Featured are the Old Constitution House, the oldest post office building in the United States and the historic Boston & Maine train station.

Touring the Calvin Coolidge House and the Burtch-Udall House

Bob meets University of Vermont professor Tom Visser in Plymouth Notch to visit the birthplace of President Calvin Coolidge. They then go to see the Burtch-Udall House, a classic Federal-period house from 1785.

Windsor, Connecticut

Windsor is a town in Hartford County, Connecticut, United States, and was the first English settlement in the state. It lies on the northern border of Connecticut's capital, Hartford. The population of Windsor was 29,044 at the 2010 census.
Poquonock is a northern area of Windsor that has its own zip code for post-office box purposes. Other unincorporated areas in Windsor include Rainbow and Hayden Station in the north, and Wilson and Deerfield in the south.


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949 Productions: Paradise Park Windsor VT

Ever since I moved to Windsor, VT in July I have been looking for awesome spots to film. This is what Paradise Park looks like a 7am. I shot this a few weeks ago so the trees are beautiful!

As always hit that HD button for the best quality! if you dig what you see give it a like and share! Thank you for watching!

Speed limits in the United States by jurisdiction | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:00:41 1 Alabama
00:01:54 2 Alaska
00:04:29 3 American Samoa
00:05:00 4 Arizona
00:08:38 5 Arkansas
00:12:36 6 California
00:12:45 6.1 Basic speed law
00:17:44 6.2 Speed limits
00:19:42 7 Colorado
00:21:01 7.1 Night speed limits
00:21:32 8 Connecticut
00:25:02 9 Delaware
00:28:28 10 Florida
00:32:15 11 Georgia
00:37:01 12 Guam
00:37:30 13 Hawaii
00:39:24 14 Idaho
00:41:45 15 Illinois
00:44:49 16 Indiana
00:46:39 17 Iowa
00:48:08 18 Kansas
00:50:10 19 Kentucky
00:51:38 20 Louisiana
00:53:43 20.1 Other laws
00:54:46 21 Maine
00:56:34 22 Maryland
00:59:23 23 Massachusetts
01:02:25 24 Michigan
01:08:51 25 Midway Atoll
01:09:08 26 Minnesota
01:11:00 27 Mississippi
01:14:08 28 Missouri
01:16:01 28.1 Variable speed limits
01:17:18 28.2 Exceptions to the statutory limits
01:23:00 29 Montana
01:23:29 29.1 Reasonable and prudent
01:25:12 29.2 No speed limit
01:27:44 29.3 75 and 80 mph speed limits
01:29:39 30 Nebraska
01:30:48 31 Nevada
01:35:17 32 New Hampshire
01:38:02 33 New Jersey
01:41:46 34 New Mexico
01:52:40 35 New York
01:57:50 35.1 History
01:59:48 36 North Carolina
02:07:01 36.1 60 mph speed limits
02:11:36 37 North Dakota
02:13:18 38 Northern Mariana Islands
02:13:37 39 Ohio
02:16:39 40 Oklahoma
02:17:56 41 Oregon
02:19:19 41.1 Engineering studies
02:21:42 41.2 Attempts to raise speed limits
02:24:07 41.3 School speed limits
02:25:56 42 Pennsylvania
02:35:24 43 Puerto Rico
02:36:55 44 Rhode Island
02:38:29 45 South Carolina
02:42:09 46 South Dakota
02:43:33 47 Tennessee
02:48:09 48 Texas
02:49:37 48.1 Truck speed limits
02:51:10 48.2 Night speed limits
02:51:54 48.3 Environmental speed limits
02:55:19 48.4 Elimination of Dallas-Fort Worth region environmental speed limits
02:56:44 48.5 75 mph limits
02:58:22 48.6 80 and 85 mph limits
03:01:58 49 US Virgin Islands
03:03:00 50 Utah
03:05:06 50.1 80 mph speed limit
03:08:02 51 Vermont
03:09:31 52 Virginia
03:15:52 53 Wake Island
03:16:09 54 Washington
03:18:56 55 West Virginia
03:21:04 56 Wisconsin
03:24:20 57 Wyoming
03:26:11 58 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

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Speaking Rate: 0.9118797358435398
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B


I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates


SUMMARY
=======
Speed limits in the United States vary depending on jurisdiction, with 75 to 80 mph (120 to 130 km/h) common in the Western United States and 65 to 75 mph (100 to 120 km/h) common in the Eastern United States. States may also set special speed limits for trucks and night travel along with minimum speed limits. The highest speed limit in the country is 85 mph (140 km/h), which is posted on a single stretch of tollway in rural Texas.

Postage stamps and postal history of the United States

The history of postal service of the United States began with the delivery of stampless letters, whose cost was borne by the receiving person, later also encompassed pre-paid letters carried by private mail carriers and provisional post offices, and culminated in a system of universal pre-payment that required all letters to bear nationally issued adhesive postage stamps.
In the earliest days, Ship captains arriving in port with stampless mail would advertise in the local newspaper names of those having mail and for them to come collect and pay for it, if not already paid for by the sender. Postal delivery in the United States was a matter of haphazard local organization until after the Revolutionary War, when eventually a national postal system was established. Stampless letters, paid for by the receiver, and private postal systems, were gradually phased out after the introduction of adhesive postage stamps, first issued by the U.S. government post office July 1, 1847 in the denominations of five and ten cents, with the use of stamps made mandatory in 1855.


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Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of United States inventions (before 1890)

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
A timeline of United States inventions (before 1890) encompasses the ingenuity and innovative advancements of the United States within a historical context, dating from the Colonial Period to the Gilded Age, which have been achieved by inventors who are either native-born or naturalized citizens of the United States. Copyright protection secures a person's right to his or her first-to-invent claim of the original invention in question, highlighted in Article I, Section 8, Clause 8 of the United States Constitution, which gives the following enumerated power to the United States Congress:

In 1641, the first patent in North America was issued to Samuel Winslow by the General Court of Massachusetts for a new method of making salt. On April 10, 1790, President George Washington signed the Patent Act of 1790 (1 Stat. 109) into law proclaiming that patents were to be authorized for any useful art, manufacture, engine, machine, or device, or any improvement therein not before known or used. On July 31, 1790, Samuel Hopkins of Pittsford, Vermont became the first person in the United States to file and to be granted a patent for an improved method of Making Pot and Pearl Ashes. The Patent Act of 1836 (Ch. 357, 5 Stat. 117) further clarified United States patent law to the extent of establishing a patent office where patent applications are filed, processed, and granted, contingent upon the language and scope of the claimant's invention, for a patent term of 14 years with an extension of up to an additional 7 years. However, the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994 (URAA) changed the patent term in the United States to a total of 20 years, effective for patent applications filed on or after June 8, 1995, thus bringing United States patent law further into conformity with international patent law. The modern-day provisions of the law applied to inventions are laid out in Title 35 of the United States Code (Ch. 950, sec. 1, 66 Stat. 792).
From 1836 to 2011, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has granted a total of 7,861,317 patents relating to several well-known inventions appearing throughout the timeline below.

Vermont | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vermont


00:03:43 1 Etymology
00:04:39 2 Geography
00:06:53 2.1 Cities
00:07:17 2.2 Largest towns
00:07:33 2.3 Climate
00:09:42 2.4 Geology
00:11:45 2.5 Fauna
00:14:23 2.6 Flora
00:15:39 3 History
00:15:48 3.1 Native American
00:17:00 3.2 Colonial
00:20:34 3.3 Sovereignty
00:22:06 3.4 Revolutionary War
00:23:19 3.5 Admission to the Union
00:24:59 3.6 The Civil War
00:26:08 3.7 Postbellum era to present
00:26:18 3.7.1 Demographic changes
00:27:07 3.7.2 Natural disasters
00:28:17 3.7.3 Political changes
00:29:53 4 Demographics
00:30:02 4.1 Population changes
00:31:50 4.1.1 Birth data
00:32:17 4.2 Population characteristics
00:33:22 4.3 Vermont speech patterns
00:34:52 4.4 Religion
00:35:00 5 Economy
00:38:23 5.1 Personal income
00:39:29 5.2 Agriculture
00:40:20 5.2.1 Dairy farming
00:43:08 5.2.2 Forestry
00:45:40 5.2.3 Other
00:46:47 5.3 Manufacturing
00:47:17 5.4 Health
00:47:59 5.5 Housing
00:50:08 5.6 Labor
00:51:16 5.7 Insurance
00:52:10 5.8 Tourism
00:55:45 5.9 Quarrying
00:56:50 5.10 Non-profits and volunteerism
00:57:21 6 Transportation
00:59:44 6.1 Major routes
01:00:09 6.1.1 North–south routes
01:02:25 6.1.2 East–west routes
01:04:41 6.2 Rail
01:05:12 6.3 Bus
01:05:20 6.3.1 Intercity
01:06:13 6.3.2 Local
01:08:39 6.4 Ferry
01:09:02 6.5 Airports
01:09:54 7 Media
01:10:03 7.1 Newspapers of record
01:10:47 7.2 Broadcast media
01:11:47 8 Utilities
01:11:56 8.1 Electricity
01:14:22 8.2 Communication
01:15:08 9 Law and government
01:16:18 9.1 Finances and taxation
01:20:10 9.2 Politics
01:20:58 9.2.1 State politics
01:26:22 9.2.2 Federal politics
01:29:48 10 Public health
01:34:48 11 Education
01:36:25 11.1 Higher education
01:37:25 12 Culture
01:39:52 12.1 Sports
01:40:00 12.1.1 Winter sports
01:40:47 12.1.2 Baseball
01:41:15 12.1.3 Basketball
01:41:45 12.1.4 Football
01:42:09 12.1.5 Hockey
01:42:32 12.1.6 Soccer
01:42:56 12.1.7 Motorsport
01:43:50 13 State symbols
01:44:42 14 Notable Vermonters
01:44:58 14.1 Residents
01:46:22 14.2 In fiction
01:47:38 15 Vermont sights
01:47:47 16 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
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- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Vermont ( (listen)) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the U.S. states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Vermont is the second-smallest by population and the sixth-smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states. The state capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States. The most populous city, Burlington, is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state. As of 2015, Vermont was the leading producer of maple syrup in the United States. It was ranked as the safest state in the country in 2016.For thousands of years indigenous peoples, including the Mohawk and the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki, occupied much of the territory that is now Vermont and was later claimed by France's colony of New France. France ceded the territory to Great Britain after being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years' War. Thereafter, the nearby colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed the extent of the area called the New Hampshire Grants to the west of the Connecticut River, encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The Green Mountain Boys militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers against the newly arrived settlers with land titles granted by New York.
Ultimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the Vermont Republic in 1777 as an independent state during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic partially abolished slavery before any of the other states. Vermont then became the fourteenth state to be admitted to the newly established United States in 1791. Vermont ...

Connecticut | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Connecticut


00:02:23 1 Geography
00:06:33 1.1 Climate
00:09:57 1.2 Flora
00:11:12 2 History
00:11:42 2.1 Colonial Connecticut
00:15:46 2.1.1 American Revolution
00:18:02 2.2 19th century
00:18:11 2.2.1 Early national period and industrial revolution
00:20:19 2.2.2 Civil War era
00:21:35 2.2.3 Second industrial revolution
00:22:52 2.3 20th century
00:23:01 2.3.1 World War I
00:24:24 2.3.2 Interwar period
00:25:31 2.3.3 World War II
00:26:29 2.3.4 Post-World War II economic expansion
00:27:33 2.3.5 Late 20th century
00:28:20 2.4 Early 21st century
00:30:41 3 Demographics
00:33:07 3.1 Population
00:35:12 3.2 Birth data
00:35:47 3.3 Religion
00:37:27 3.4 Largest cities and towns
00:38:20 4 Economy
00:39:44 4.1 Taxation
00:43:24 4.2 Real estate
00:44:04 4.3 Industries
00:47:25 5 Transportation
00:47:34 5.1 Roads
00:49:49 5.2 Rail
00:51:19 5.3 Bus
00:51:59 5.4 Air
00:52:51 5.5 Ferry
00:53:18 6 Law and government
00:53:36 6.1 Constitutional history
00:55:33 6.2 Executive
00:57:05 6.3 Legislative
00:58:38 6.4 Judicial
00:59:42 6.5 Local government
01:02:02 7 Politics
01:02:11 7.1 Registered voters
01:03:10 7.2 Voting
01:03:46 8 Education
01:03:55 8.1 K–12
01:04:30 8.2 Private schools
01:04:39 8.3 Colleges and universities
01:05:10 8.3.1 Private
01:06:09 8.3.2 Public universities
01:06:42 8.3.3 Public community colleges
01:07:44 9 Sports
01:09:22 9.1 Professional sports teams
01:10:07 9.2 College sports
01:11:27 10 Etymology and symbols
01:13:41 11 Notable people
01:16:25 12 See also



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Connecticut ( (listen)) is the southernmost state in the New England region of the United States. As of the 2010 Census, it has the highest per-capita income, Human Development Index (0.962), and median household income in the United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. Its capital is Hartford and its most populous city is Bridgeport. It is part of New England, although portions of it are often grouped with New York and New Jersey as the Tri-state area. The state is named for the Connecticut River, a major US river that approximately bisects the state. The word Connecticut is derived from various anglicized spellings of an Algonquian word for long tidal river.Connecticut's first settlers were Dutchmen who established a small, short-lived settlement called Fort Hoop in Hartford at the confluence of the Park and Connecticut Rivers. Half of Connecticut was initially part of the Dutch colony New Netherland, which included much of the land between the Connecticut and Delaware Rivers. The first major settlements were established in the 1630s by the English. Thomas Hooker led a band of followers overland from the Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the Connecticut Colony; other settlers from Massachusetts founded the Saybrook Colony and the New Haven Colony. The Connecticut and New Haven colonies established documents of Fundamental Orders, considered the first constitutions in North America. In 1662, the three colonies were merged under a royal charter, making Connecticut a crown colony. This was one of the Thirteen Colonies that rejected British rule in the American Revolution.
Connecticut is the third smallest state by area, the 29th most populous, and the fourth most densely populated of the 50 states. It is known as the Constitution State, the Nutmeg State, the Provisions State, and the Land of Steady Habits. It was influential in the development of the federal government of the United States.
The Connecticut River, Thames River, and ports along Long Island Sound have given Connecticut a strong maritime tradition which continues today. The state also has a long history of hosting the financial services industry, including insurance companies in Hartford and hedge funds in Fairfield County.

Vermont | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Vermont

Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Vermont ( (listen)) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the U.S. states of Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. Vermont is the second-smallest by population and the sixth-smallest by area of the 50 U.S. states. The state capital is Montpelier, the least populous state capital in the United States. The most populous city, Burlington, is the least populous city to be the most populous city in a state. As of 2015, Vermont was the leading producer of maple syrup in the United States. It was ranked as the safest state in the country in 2016.For thousands of years indigenous peoples, including the Mohawk and the Algonquian-speaking Abenaki, occupied much of the territory that is now Vermont and was later claimed by France's colony of New France. France ceded the territory to Great Britain after being defeated in 1763 in the Seven Years' War. Thereafter, the nearby colonies, especially the provinces of New Hampshire and New York, disputed the extent of the area called the New Hampshire Grants to the west of the Connecticut River, encompassing present-day Vermont. The provincial government of New York sold land grants to settlers in the region, which conflicted with earlier grants from the government of New Hampshire. The Green Mountain Boys militia protected the interests of the established New Hampshire land grant settlers against the newly arrived settlers with land titles granted by New York.
Ultimately, a group of settlers with New Hampshire land grant titles established the Vermont Republic in 1777 as an independent state during the American Revolutionary War. The Vermont Republic partially abolished slavery before any of the other states. Vermont then became the fourteenth state to be admitted to the newly established United States in 1791. Vermont is one of only four U.S. states that were previously sovereign states (along with California, Hawaii, and Texas), given that the original 13 states were formerly colonies. During the mid 19th century, Vermont was a strong source of abolitionist sentiment and sent a significant contingent of soldiers to participate in the American Civil War.
The geography of the state is marked by the Green Mountains, which run north-south up the middle of the state, separating Lake Champlain and other valley terrain on the west from the Connecticut River valley that defines much of its eastern border. A majority of its terrain is forested with hardwoods and conifers. A majority of its open land is in agriculture. The state's climate is characterized by warm, humid summers and cold, snowy winters. Its largest city, Burlington, had fewer than 50,000 residents, as of 2010. Demographically, the state was 94.3% white, as of 2010. At that time, Protestants (30%) and Catholics (22%) made up the majority of those reporting a religious preference with 37% reporting no religion. Other religions individually contributed no more than 2% to the total.
Vermont's economic activity of $26 billion in 2010 caused it to rank 34th in gross state product. It has been ranked 42nd as a state in which to do business. Politically, Vermont transitioned from being a reliably Republican state to one more liberal starting in 1960. It alternates between Republican and Democratic governors, but has sent only Democrats (or independents) to Congress since 2007. Voters have consistently chosen Democrats for president since 1992. The state became the first to recognize unions for same-sex couples through legislative action with the introduction of civil unions in 2000.

2. America in 1850: The Age of Transformation

MIT STS.050 The History of MIT, Spring 2011
View the complete course:
Instructor: Merrit Roe Smith, David Mindell

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
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Calvin Coolidge

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (/ˈkuːlɪdʒ/; July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929). A Republican lawyer from Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor of that state. His conduct during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative, and also as a man who said very little.
Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity. As a Coolidge biographer put it, He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class, could interpret their longings and express their opinions. That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength. Some later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government. His reputation underwent a renaissance during the Ronald Reagan administration, but the ultimate assessment of his presidency is still divided between those who approve of his reduction of the size of government programs and those who believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating and controlling the economy.


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Harvey Amani Whitfield: Slavery in Vermont

Harvey Amani Whitfield, Associate Professor of History, discusses the history of slavery in Vermont.
Video by Chris Zepf

National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius: Oral Argument - March 28, 2012 (Part 3)

Facts:
Check out Oyez's deep-dive into the background of the Affordable Care Act cases.

Amid intense public interest, Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), which became effective March 23, 2010. The ACA sought to address the fact that millions of Americans had no health insurance, yet actively participated in the health care market, consuming health care services for which they did not pay.

The ACA contained a minimum coverage provision by amending the tax code and providing an individual mandate, stipulating that by 2014, non-exempt individuals who failed to purchase and maintain a minimum level of health insurance must pay a tax penalty. The ACA also contained an expansion of Medicaid, which states had to accept in order to receive Federal funds for Medicaid, and an employer mandate to obtain health coverage for employees.

Shortly after Congress passed the ACA, Florida and 12 other states brought actions in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida seeking a declaration that the ACA was unconstitutional on several grounds. These states were subsequently joined by 13 additional states, the National Federation of Independent businesses, and individual plaintiffs Kaj Ahburg and Mary Brown.

The plaintiffs argued that: (1) the individual mandate exceeded Congress' enumerated powers under the Commerce Clause; (2) the Medicaid expansions were unconstitutionally coercive; and (3) the employer mandate impermissibly interfered with state sovereignty.

The District Court first addressed whether the plaintiffs had standing to bring the lawsuit. It determined that Brown had standing to challenge the minimum coverage provision because she did not have health insurance and had to make financial arrangements to ensure compliance with the provision, which would go into effect in 2014. The court further determined that Idaho and Utah had standing because each state had enacted a statute purporting to exempt their residents from the minimum coverage provision.

The court also concluded that the Anti-Injunction Act did not bar the suit.

The District Court then addressed the constitutional questions. It ruled that the individual mandate provision was not a valid exercise of Congress' commerce or taxing powers. The court held the entire act invalid because the mandate could not be severed from any other provision. The court dismissed the states' challenge to the employer mandates and granted judgment to the federal government on the Medicaid expansions, finding insufficient support for the contention that the spending legislation was unconstitutionally coercive.

A panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed 2-to-1 the District Court's holdings as to the Medicaid expansions and the individual mandate. But it also reversed the District Court, holding that the individual mandate could be severed without invalidating the remainder of the ACA.

Question:

Is the suit brought by respondents to challenge the minimum coverage provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act barred by the Anti-Injunction Act, 2 U.S.C. 7421(a)?

Does Congress have power under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, specifically under the Commerce Clause or the Taxing and Spending Clause, to require most Americans to purchase health insurance?

Is the individual mandate severable from the ACA?

Did Congress exceed its enumerated powers and violate principles of federalism when it pressured States into accepting conditions that Congress could not impose directly by threatening to withhold all federal funding under Medicaid, the single largest grant-in-aid program?




For more information about this case see:

Section 1: 00:00:05
Section 2: 00:25:46
Section 3: 00:56:09
Section 4: 01:27:31


PuppyJusticeAutomated videos are created by a program written by Adam Schwalm. This program is available on github here:

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Stephen Macedo, Thursday, March 3, 2016

No Slippery Slopes: Same-Sex Couples, Monogamy, and the Future of Marriage
Stephen Macedo will argue that both conservatives who warn of a slippery slope from same-sex marriage toward polygamy, adult incest, and the dissolution of marriage as we know it and many progressives who embrace the new law are wrong. He believes that the same principles of democratic justice that demand marriage equality for same sex couples also lend support to monogamous marriage. In his Athenaeum talk, he will explore the meaning of contemporary marriage and the reasons for both its fragility and its enduring significance.
Stephen Macedo is the Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Politics and the former director of the University Center for Human Values at Princeton University where he teaches and writes about political theory, ethics, American constitutionalism, and public policy.
His many books include Liberal Virtues: Citizenship, Virtue, and Community in Liberal Constitutionalism (Oxford, 1990); Diversity and Distrust: Civic Education in a Diverse Democracy (Harvard 2000); and Just Married: Same-Sex Couples, Monogamy, and the Future of Marriage (Princeton University Press, 2015).
He is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and vice president of the American Society for Legal and Political Philosophy.
Professor Macedo's Athenaeum talk is co-sponsored by the Salvatori Institute at CMC.

Vermont

Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Vermont is the 6th least extensive and the 2nd least populous of the 50 United States after Wyoming. It is the only New England state not bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Lake Champlain forms half of Vermont's western border, which it shares with the state of New York. The Green Mountains are within the state. Vermont is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east across the Connecticut River, New York to the west, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north.

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PBS Hawaii - Insights: Same-Sex Marriage

Host Dan Boylan moderates this discussion on same-sex marriage. This month 20 years ago, the Hawaii State Supreme Court made a landmark ruling that sparked widespread discussion about same-sex marriage. Although bills to either legalize gay marriage or reserve marriage for opposite-sex couples both stalled this legislative session, the marriage debate continues.

Scheduled to appear are: James Hochberg, Attorney and President of Hawaii Family Advocates; Steven Levinson, Retired State Supreme Court Justice; Glenn Stanton, Director of Family Formation Studies at Focus on the Family; and Renea Stewart, same-sex marriage advocate.

Original Air Date: May 2 2013.

The National for May 8, 2019 — Norman Politics, Face Transplant, Gun Smuggling

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Mathis v. United States: Oral Argument - April 26, 2016

Facts:
On March 8, 2013, police officers executed a warrant to search Richard Mathis’ house following allegations of sexual abuse from young men. The officers found a loaded rifle and ammunition. After he was arrested and while in custody, Mathis admitted to owning the rifle and ammunition, and he was charged with being a felon in possession of a firearm in violation of the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) because of his five previous burglary convictions in Iowa state courts. At trial, the district court used a modified categorical approach to determine that Mathis’ prior convictions constituted violent felonies because the elements of the offense were substantially similar to generic burglary and posed the same risk of harm to others. Therefore, Mathis was sentenced to 180 months imprisonment pursuant to the ACCA. Mathis appealed his conviction and argued that his Iowa convictions should not have constituted predicate offenses under the ACCA, but the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed the lower court's decision.

Question:
Does a predicate prior conviction under the Armed Career Criminal Act qualify when the courts examine the specific elements of the offenses in question using a modified categorical approach?


For more information about this case see:

Section 1: 00:00:05
Section 2: 00:27:19
Section 3: 00:57:50


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New England | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
New England

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SUMMARY
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New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Quebec to the northeast and north, respectively. The Atlantic Ocean is to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the south. Boston is New England's largest city as well as the capital of Massachusetts. The largest metropolitan area is Greater Boston with nearly a third of the entire region's population, which also includes Worcester, Massachusetts (the second-largest city in New England), Manchester, New Hampshire (the largest city in New Hampshire), and Providence, Rhode Island (the capital and largest city of Rhode Island).
In 1620, Puritan Separatist Pilgrims from England established Plymouth Colony, the second successful English settlement in America, following the Jamestown Settlement in Virginia founded in 1607. Ten years later, more Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony north of Plymouth Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars, until the English colonists and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquin allies in America. In 1692, the town of Salem, Massachusetts and surrounding areas experienced the Salem witch trials, one of the most infamous cases of mass hysteria in history.In the late 18th century, political leaders from the New England colonies initiated resistance to Britain's taxes without the consent of the colonists. Residents of Rhode Island captured and burned a British ship which was enforcing unpopular trade restrictions, and residents of Boston threw British tea into the harbor. Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government which were termed the Intolerable Acts by the colonists. These confrontations led to the first battles of the American Revolutionary War in 1775 and the expulsion of the British authorities from the region in spring 1776. The region played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States, and was the first region of the U.S. transformed by the Industrial Revolution, centered on the Blackstone and Merrimack river valleys.
The physical geography of New England is diverse for such a small area. Southeastern New England is covered by a narrow coastal plain, while the western and northern regions are dominated by the rolling hills and worn-down peaks of the northern end of the Appalachian Mountains. The Atlantic fall line lies close to the coast, which enabled numerous cities to take advantage of water power along the numerous rivers, such as the Connecticut River, which bisects the region from north to south.
Each state is subdivided into small incorporated municipalities known as towns, many of which are governed by town meetings. The only unincorporated areas exist in the sparsely populated northern regions of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. New England is one of the Census Bureau's nine regional divisions and the only multi-state region with clear, consistent boundaries. It maintains a strong sense of cultural identity, although the terms of this identity are often contrasted, combining Puritanism with liberalism, agrarian life with industry, and isolation with immigration.