The Russian village of Paris
In 19th century, Cossacks returning from the Napoleonic Wars established a village in what is now the Chelyabinsk oblast of Russia. It was named after Paris, and their descendants later erected a miniature Eiffel Tower.
Credit: Ricardo Marquina
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ОРЕНБУРГ. Где тут Граница «Европа-Азия»? (Южный Урал)
ОРЕНБУРГ. Где тут Граница «Европа-Азия»? (Южный Урал)
#оренбург #границаевропаазия #оренбургчтозагород
Больше видео про Оренбург
▶️ ОРЕНБУРГ. За золотом Пугачёва! Клад атамана (Бёрды и Саракташский район)
▶️ СОЛЬ-ИЛЕЦК. Солёное озеро или Мёртвое море? Сезон Арбузов. (Оренбургская область)
???? Оренбург – город на Южном Урале, административный центр Оренбургской области. Здесь, по реке Урал, проходит Граница «Европа Азия». Главным символом города давно стал Оренбургский пуховый платок.
Город известен и тем, что здесь учился Юрий Гагарин. Первый космонавт планеты сказал, - «Оренбург дал мне крылья».
10 (21) октября 1715 года собрания казахских старшин во главе с Абулхаир-ханом высказались за принятие акта о добровольном присоединении Младшего жуза казахов к Российской империи. 19 (30) апреля 1743 года Оренбург был заложен на месте бывшей Бердской крепости, в 70 верстах от Красногорского урочища. Строился он как город-крепость, опорный пункт линий крепостей по Уралу, Самаре и Сакмаре, охранявших юго-восточную границу России. Одновременно Оренбург стал центром торговли с Востоком.
Второе рождение город пережил после открытия уникального, крупнейшего в Европе газоконденсатного месторождения.
Последнее сенсационное археологическое открытие свидетельствует о том, что в оренбургских степях в 3-5 веках жили сарматы, существоввала развитая цивилизация.
???? СПАСИБО ЗА ПРОСМОТР И ПОДПИСКУ! ????
✅ Мои плейлисты для удобного просмотра:
ОРЕНБУРГ. Путешествие по России
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КругоСветка с Третьяковой. ЛУЧШЕЕ
▶️
????????????КругоСветка с Третьяковой в соцсетях
Tatars
This article is about the historical term. For the modern people now referred to as Tatars, see Volga Tatars.
The Tatars (Old Turkic tatar; modern Volga Tatar: Татарлар, Tatarlar تاتارلار ), historically Tartars, is an umbrella term for Turkic peoples in the territory of the former Russian Empire (and as such generally includes all Northwestern Turkic speaking peoples).
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A Forbidden topic of Pushkin’s work. Reflections on history
When it rains it pours! Where did it take me? To the regiment and to a remote fortress on the border of the Kirghiz-Kaisak steppes! .. The Captain's Daughter Alexander Pushkin
In a letter to the manager of the 3rd branch about permission to visit places connected with Pugachev's uprising, Pushkin explained this trip by the necessity to finish the novel, a quotation most of the actions took place in Orenburg and Kazan.
But Uralsk is not mentioned in the letter, and in other correspondence too. Why? Rebellion was senseless and ruthless. And it was a strange story. Why did Pushkin go to Uralsk.
Chernomyrdin History and Memorial Museum. Part 2
Kazan Jewish festival opens today
The Jewish festival Limmud Volga-Urals begins today in Kazan, the capital of Tatarstan, with an inter-faith dialogue.
The largest Jewish festival in the region, Limmud Volga-Urals will this year feature a series of exceptional events. The first of these is titled “Interfaith Dialogue – Islam, Judaism, Christianity”, a conversation between religious leaders in the region. The discussion will be co-chaired by Chaim Chesler, founder of Limmud FSU (former Soviet Union), with the participation of the Chief Rabbi of Russia, the Chief Rabbi of Tatarstan, the head of the local Russian-Orthodox church, the Grand Mufti of Tatarstan, senior Islamic clerics and two prominent rabbis from Israel.
Later in the festival, Tatar President Rustam Minnikhanov, leaders of the local Jewish community and the Israeli Ambassador to Russia will take part in a ceremony to rededicate the 100-year-old Great Synagogue of Kazan.
Taking place at the same time as Limmud Volga-Urals will be the Kazan Festival of Jewish Music, jointly organised by the Jewish community and the government of Tatarstan.
Limmud Volga-Urals is a conference run entirely by local volunteers, and will feature presentations, workshops, discussions, cultural activities and artistic performances. The festival is coordinated by Limmud FSU, a Jewish educational organisation that aims to strengthen Jewish communities throughout the former Soviet Union.
Kazan is well-known as a multi-ethnic city, and has the third largest Jewish population in Russia.
Russian Folk Song - i-Tunes A Cappella
The College of New Jersey's international a cappella group performs a Russian folk song, arranged by Maria Doukhnai.
History of Mongolia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Mongolia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BCE to 1st century CE), the Xianbei state (c. 93 to 234 CE), the Rouran Khaganate (330-555), the Turkic Khaganate (552-744) and others, ruled the area of present-day Mongolia. The Khitan people, who used a para-Mongolic language,
founded a state known as the Liao dynasty (907-1125) in Central Asia and ruled Mongolia and portions of the present-day Russian Far East, northern Korea, and North China.
In 1206 Genghis Khan was able to unite and conquer the Mongols, forging them into a fighting force which went on to establish the largest contiguous empire in world history, the Mongol Empire (1206-1368). Buddhism in Mongolia began with the Yuan emperors' conversion to Tibetan Buddhism.
After the collapse of the Mongol-led China-based Yuan dynasty in 1368, the Mongols returned to their earlier patterns of internal strife. The Mongols also returned to their old shamanist ways after the collapse of their empire and only in the 16th and 17th centuries did Buddhism reemerge.
At the end of the 17th century, present-day Mongolia became part of the area ruled by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing in 1911, Mongolia declared independence but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish de facto independence and until 1945 to gain international recognition. As a consequence, Mongolia came under strong Soviet influence: in 1924 the Mongolian People's Republic was declared, and Mongolian politics began to follow the same patterns as Soviet politics of the time. After the revolutions of 1989, the Mongolian Revolution of 1990 led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and a transition to a market economy.
Российская империя. Серия 4. Екатерина II. Часть 1
Российская империя. Проект Леонида Парфёнова
Екатерина II. Часть 1
Происхождение принцессы Софьи-Фредерики-Августины, будущей Екатерины Великой, её приезд в Россию.
Свержение с престола мужа — императора Петра III.
Превращение дворянства в привилегированное сословие.
История Салтычихи.
Русско-турецкие войны, присоединение Крыма к России, штурм Измаила.
Насаждение картошки в России.
Екатерина — воспитательница внуков.
Фавориты императрицы.
Пугачёвский бунт.
History of Mongolia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Mongolia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BCE to 1st century CE), the Xianbei state (c. 93 to 234 CE), the Rouran Khaganate (330-555), the Turkic Khaganate (552-744) and others, ruled the area of present-day Mongolia. The Khitan people, who used a para-Mongolic language,
founded a state known as the Liao dynasty (907-1125) in Central Asia and ruled Mongolia and portions of the present-day Russian Far East, northern Korea, and North China.
In 1206 Genghis Khan was able to unite and conquer the Mongols, forging them into a fighting force which went on to establish the largest contiguous empire in world history, the Mongol Empire (1206-1368). Buddhism in Mongolia began with the Yuan emperors' conversion to Tibetan Buddhism.
After the collapse of the Mongol-led China-based Yuan dynasty in 1368, the Mongols returned to their earlier patterns of internal strife. The Mongols also returned to their old shamanist ways after the collapse of their empire and only in the 16th and 17th centuries did Buddhism reemerge.
At the end of the 17th century, present-day Mongolia became part of the area ruled by the Manchu-led Qing dynasty. During the collapse of the Qing in 1911, Mongolia declared independence but had to struggle until 1921 to firmly establish de facto independence and until 1945 to gain international recognition. As a consequence, Mongolia came under strong Soviet influence: in 1924 the Mongolian People's Republic was declared, and Mongolian politics began to follow the same patterns as Soviet politics of the time. After the revolutions of 1989, the Mongolian Revolution of 1990 led to a multi-party system, a new constitution in 1992, and a transition to a market economy.
Tatars | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tatars
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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- learn while on the move
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Tatars (; Tatar: татарлар; Russian: татары) are a Turkic-speaking peoples living mainly in Russia and other Post-Soviet countries. The name Tatar first appears in written form on the Kul Tigin monument as ???????????? (Ta-tar). Historically, the term Tatars was applied to anyone originating from the vast Northern and Central Asian landmass then known as the Tartary, which was dominated by various mostly Turco-Mongol semi-nomadic empires and kingdoms. More recently, however, the term refers more narrowly to people who speak one of the Turkic languages.
The Mongol Empire, established under Genghis Khan in 1206, allied with the Tatars. Under the leadership of Genghis Khan's grandson Batu Khan (c. 1207–1255), the Mongols moved westwards, driving with them many of the Mongol tribes toward the plains of Kievan Rus'. The Tatar clan still exists among the Mongols, Hazaras and Uzbeks.The largest group by far that the Russians have called Tatars are the Volga Tatars, native to the Volga region (Tatarstan and Bashkortostan), who for this reason are often also simply known as Tatars. They compose 53% of population in Tatarstan. Their language is known as the Tatar language. As of 2002 they had an estimated population around 5 million in Russia as a whole. There is a common belief that Russians and Tatars are closely intermingled, illustrated by the famous saying scratch any Russian just a little and you will discover a Tatar underneath and the fact that a number of noble families in Tsardom of Russia and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had Tatar origins; however, genetics show that majority of Russians form a cluster with Northern and Eastern Europeans (especially Belarusians, Ukrainians and Poles), and are relatively far from Tatar peoples. In modern-day Tatarstan, however, Russian-Tatar marriages are very common.Current day Tatars comprise a range of physical appearances, from Mongoloid to Caucasoid.
Catherine the Great | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:39 1 Early life
00:10:30 2 Reign of Peter III and the icoup d'état/i of July 1762
00:14:34 3 Reign (1762–96)
00:14:45 3.1 Coronation (1762)
00:16:13 3.2 Foreign affairs
00:17:39 3.2.1 Russo-Turkish Wars
00:19:52 3.2.2 Russo-Persian War
00:21:56 3.2.3 Relations with Western Europe
00:23:36 3.2.4 Partitions of Poland
00:25:22 3.2.5 Relations with Japan
00:26:21 3.3 Economics and finance
00:28:16 3.4 Arts and culture
00:35:08 3.5 Education
00:42:35 3.6 Religious affairs
00:43:52 3.6.1 Islam
00:46:09 3.6.2 Judaism
00:48:16 3.6.3 Russian Orthodoxy
00:50:40 3.7 Personal life
00:52:51 3.7.1 Poniatowski
00:55:43 3.7.2 Orlov
00:57:25 3.7.3 Potemkin
00:59:20 3.8 Serfs
00:59:42 3.8.1 Rights and conditions
01:03:46 3.8.2 Attitudes towards Catherine
01:06:27 4 Final months and death
01:10:51 5 Children
01:11:00 6 Romanov dynastic issues
01:11:11 6.1 Pretenders and potential pretenders to the throne
01:13:01 6.1.1 Rise of pretenders
01:17:03 6.1.2 Pretenders and royal marks
01:19:36 6.2 Succession to the throne
01:20:22 7 Titles and styles
01:21:13 8 In popular culture
01:22:22 9 Ancestry
01:22:31 10 List of prominent Catherinians
01:23:29 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.9799328397112379
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Catherine II (Russian: Екатерина Алексеевна Yekaterina Alekseyevna; 2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729 – 17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796), also known as Catherine the Great (Екатери́на Вели́кая, Yekaterina Velikaya), born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796, the country's longest-ruling female leader. She came to power following a coup d'état that she organised—resulting in her husband, Peter III, being overthrown. Under her reign, Russia was revitalised; it grew larger and stronger and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe.
In her accession to power and her rule of the empire, Catherine often relied on her noble favourites, most notably count Grigory Orlov and Grigory Potemkin. Assisted by highly successful generals such as Alexander Suvorov and Pyotr Rumyantsev, and admirals such as Fyodor Ushakov, she governed at a time when the Russian Empire was expanding rapidly by conquest and diplomacy. In the south, the Crimean Khanate was crushed following victories over the Ottoman Empire in the Russo–Turkish wars, and Russia colonised the territories of Novorossiya along the coasts of the Black and Azov Seas. In the west, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, ruled by Catherine's former lover, king Stanisław August Poniatowski, was eventually partitioned, with the Russian Empire gaining the largest share. In the east, Russia started to colonise Alaska, establishing Russian America.
Catherine reformed the administration of Russian guberniyas, and many new cities and towns were founded on her orders. An admirer of Peter the Great, Catherine continued to modernise Russia along Western European lines. However, military conscription and the economy continued to depend on serfdom, and the increasing demands of the state and private landowners led to increased levels of reliance on serfs. This was one of the chief reasons behind several rebellions, including the large-scale Pugachev's Rebellion of cossacks and peasants.
Catherine decided to have herself inoculated against smallpox by a Scottish doctor, Thomas Dimsdale. While this was considered a controversial method at the time, she succeeded. Her son Pavel was later inoculated as well. Catherine then sought to have inoculations throughout her empire stating: My objective was, through my example, to save from death the multitude of my subjects who, not knowing the value of this technique, and frightened of it, were left in danger. By 1800, approximately 2 million inoculations were administer ...