The Pantheon
The Pantheon, Rome, c. 125 Speakers: Dr. Beth Harris, Dr. Steven Zucker. Created by Beth Harris and Steven Zucker.
THE PANTHEON of ROME ITALY TOUR - TEMPLE TO ALL THE GODS - 6 22 13
TOUR THE PANTHEON of ROME IN ITALY, IT IS STILL STANDING TODAY, IT WAS A TEMPLE DEDICATED TO ALL THE ROMAN GODS.
It was rebuilt by Hadrian in 125 AD. Originally built by Agrippa in 27 BC. Each door 25 feet high. weights 20 tons.
The (5,000 ton) weight of the concrete dome is concentrated on a ring of voussoirs (30 ft) in diameter which form the oculus. The thickness of the dome varies from (21 ft) at the base of the dome to (4 ft) around the oculus. The height from the floor to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, (142 ft.), so the whole interior would fit exactly within a cube (and the interior could house a sphere of (142 ft.) in diameter). The dome was the largest in the world until 1781 when work was finished on the 46-meter dome of the St. Blaise Abbey in St. Blasien.
The Pantheon still holds the record for the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the history of architecture.
The original Pantheon was built by Agrippa, Augustus' most successful general, in 27 BC. It was a rectangular building dedicated to all the Gods of the Greco-Roman Pantheon. The term 'pan' means all and 'theon' means the gods in Greek.
The interior of the roof was probably intended to symbolize the arched vault of the heavens. The Great Eye at the dome's apex is the source of all light and is symbolic of the sun. Its original circular bronze cornice remains in position. The oculus also serves as a cooling and ventilation method. As wind passes over the dome of the Pantheon, it is accelerated and creates a negative pressure zone called the Venturi effect. This pulls air out of the oculus at the top of the dome, drawing more air in from the portico entrance.
Obviously, when it rains, the water falls straight through the oculus. However the floor beneath has tiny holes in it to allow the water to escape.
The interior features sunken panels (coffers), which originally contained bronze star ornaments. This coffering was not only decorative, but also reduced the weight of the roof, as did the elimination of the apex by means of the Great Eye. , the Pantheon was and still is a huge influence on European and American architects from the Renaissance, starting with Brunelleschi's 42 meter dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, completed in 1436 – the first sizeable dome to be constructed in Europe after Antiquity. The dome of the Pantheon can be detected in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: numerous city halls, universities and public libraries echo its portico-and-dome
structure. Examples of notable buildings influenced by the Pantheon include
The Temple in Dartrey,
British Museum Reading Room,
Manchester Central Library,
Thomas Jefferson's Rotunda at the University of Virginia,
the Rotunda of Mosta,
Low Library at Columbia University, New York,
The Marble Hall of the Sanssouci palace in Potsdam, Germany,
the State Library of Victoria and the Supreme Court Library of Victoria in Melbourne, Australia
D E C O R A T I O N W H I L E A C H R I S T I A N C H U R C H
The second niche has a statue of St Agnes, by Vincenco Felici. The bust on the left is a portrait of Baldassare Peruzzi, derived from a plaster portrait by Giovanni Duprè. The tomb of King Umberto I and his wife Margherita di Savoia is in the next chapel. The chapel was originally dedicated to St Michael the Archangel, and then to St Thomas the Apostle. The tomb consists of a slab of alabaster mounted in gilded bronze. The royal tombs are maintained by the National Institute of Honour Guards to the Royal Tombs, founded in 1878. They also organize picket guards at the tombs.
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Pantheon of Rome. Mystery of ancient Roman architecture in 3D
Pantheon, Rome, Italy. In the busy streets stands one of the greatest architectural wonders from ancient Roman history - The Pantheon. Its magnificent design is a lasting testimony to the genius of Roman architects and it stands virtually intact nearly 1800 years after it was constructed.
The true purpose of Pantheon’s remains mystery. The word “Pantheon” translates to “all Gods” so It’s believed that it was originally built as a temple to all Roman gods.
Pantheon consists of two principal parts - the porch, which is very Classical Greek in presentation, and the circular main building, rotunda, which is much more Roman in style
Writing In the front side of the Pantheon translates from latin “Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, having been consul three times, made it”.
The bronze doors of the Pantheon are over 6m high.
Rotunda, built with brick and concrete was originally faced with white marble to match the porch in appearance. The walls of the rotunda are 6 metres thick and to support it’s enormous weight, relieving arches were built into.
The most fascinating part of the Pantheon is its giant dome. With a diameter of 43 meters the dome was the largest in the world and nearly 2000 years later it still remains the largest unsupported dome in the world! On the top of the dome there’s a famous hole - the oculus, meaning “eye” in latin. The oculus distributes the weight of dome and is the only natural source of light in the interior.
The Pantheon was built for wonder and prestige. When Michelangelo first saw the Pantheon in the early 15th century, he proclaimed it of “angelic and not human design.” Even today It’s mathematical design and simple geometry still impresses architects and viewers around the world.
Rome, Italy: The Pantheon
The magnificent Pantheon, built by the Romans as a temple to all of their gods is the Eternal City's best-preserved monument. Engineers still admire how such a mathematically precise structure was built without modern technology. Standing under the massive solemn dome, you'll gain a new appreciation for the grandeur that was—and still is—Rome. Subscribe at for weekly updates on more European destinations.
To learn about Rick Steves European tour packages, including the Best of Rome in 7 Days, visit
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The Pantheon - Under the Dome
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Some experts believe that this is one of the most important buildings the world has ever seen.
Roman technology transformed lime mortar into strong durable concrete, this revolutionised architecture. But having created this new concrete the Romans then took it to new levels of ingenuity unsurpassed even to this day. One example of such before their time skills can be found in the back streets of Rome.
Built in 118AD, this is a temple to gods, which no one now worships. But it still inspires awe and wonder.
When Emperor Hadrian’s architects begin designing a new temple to the 12 main gods of roman religion they have to come up with an impressive building. They decide upon a vast dome 142 feet in diameter. By modern standards that might not sound big, but in the 2nd century it’s a massive undertaking.
Even 2000 years later, The Pantheon is still the largest unreinforced spherical concrete dome ever built. Its design still influences architecture across the world.
Clip taken from the Naked Science documentary “Roman Tech”.
Watch it here –
Climbing the Pantheon's Dome on Pentecost - EWTN Vaticano
Firefighters fearlessly climb the 43-meter high dome of the Pantheon. They assemble this time not to extinguish but to light the Pantheon with the fire of 24 kg of the rose petals. The faithful stand below as they fall, evoking the descent of the Holy Spirit.
Pantheon, One of the Best-Preserved of all Roman Buildings
The Pantheon is a building in Rome, Italy, commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome, and rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian about 126 AD.
The building is circular with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns under a pediment. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening to the sky. Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43.3 metres.
It is one of the best-preserved of all Roman buildings. It has been in continuous use throughout its history, and since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic church dedicated to St. Mary and the Martyrs. As it is still a functioning church, silence is requested during your visit.
The Pantheon is celebrated for its large dome. From inside you'll see traces of the former bronze ceiling, melted down during the reign of Pope Urban VIII. The hole in the center of the ceiling, though, is an original feature designed for architectural reasons (the dome would collapse without it.) If it happens to be raining, you should definitely go to the Pantheon to see the rain pouring into the building through the hole in the ceiling. There are holes in the ground that drain the water.
The spectacular doors are Romans, but not the original. The building now appears to be built in a depression, but this was not the original appearance. The street level at the sides and rear has risen about 10 meters since the original construction due to the accumulation of debris from 2,000 years of settlement.
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The Pantheon, Rome, Italy
The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). It was completed by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated about 126 AD.
Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome.
(wikipedia)
Ancient History: Rome If You Want To, The Pantheon (EP2) - Drive Thru History
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Ahh, so many gods....and so little time. How do you worship and appease all of them? And WHERE? The answer to that question leads us up to the massive bronze doors of Rome's oldest building -- a temple whose design has been admired and studied for over 1800 years. The Pantheon.
I'm here at one of the most remarkable engineering marvels in all of ancient Rome, the Pantheon. But before we go any further, let's get a little terminology straight.
In Athens, there's a famous temple on top of the Acropolis, the very symbol of Athens, called The Parthenon. But the building we're looking at today, perhaps the most well-preserved ancient building in the world is called The Pantheon. Though they sound similar in name, their meanings are not similar at all. Parthenos is Greek for virgin, hence the temple dedicated to the perpetual virgin goddess Athena was called the Parthenon. The Pantheon, on the other hand, was named by combining the Greek word for all or every -- pan -- with the word for god, theos. Therefore the Pantheon was originally dedicated to every god.
The original builder of the pantheistic temple on this site was a guy named Marcus Agrippa who built the temple in honor of the great Julius Caesar and the patron gods of his family, along with the gods Venus and Mars -- and the deified Julius Caesar himself. THAT temple was destroyed by fire in 80 AD -- leaving presumably only the façade with the inscription of the original builder which says, Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, third Consul. The final form of the temple we see today was the work of Emperor Hadrian who had the Pantheon rebuilt in 120 AD making the Pantheon the only building from the Greco-Roman world which is completely intact and which has been in continuous use throughout its history.
Unlike so many ancient buildings in Rome, Athens, or any other ancient city, the Pantheon is not a reconstruction, and it's really not even a restoration. It's the real deal -- it's a Roman building that stands today just as it did after it was completed over 1800 years ago.
Although it looks pretty simple from the outside, it is among the most complex buildings that has survived to this day. In simple terms, it is a structure built around a perfectly circular interior chamber approximately 143 feet in diameter, topped by a dome that is the same 143 feet high. In other words, it is one giant room that could conceivably hold a perfect sphere or globe 143 feet across. At the apex of the dome is a circular opening, or oculus, that seems to defy the structural integrity -- but actually prevents the dome from collapsing. The outside height of the circular walls is 104 feet, and it is all set off by a covered entrance (or portico) consisting of 16 granite columns that support a gabled roof, all of which lead to massive, bronze double doors 25 feet high.
It is an aesthetic marvel that Michelangelo once said was of angelic, and not human, design. It still elicits that kind of awe even today. It is an architectural and engineering masterpiece that's left experts scratching their heads for centuries.
Rome, Italy #11 The Pantheon
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Time, Another Brick in the Wall, Mother, Comfortably Numb, Pink Floyd lover guitar voice, Pantheon
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Nice surprise while having a pizza in historical center of Rome, Pantheon, Italy
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Roman Pantheon Tour
The Pantheon is a former Roman temple, now a church, in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus.
Join us throughout this marvel of architecture and amaze yourself how the Romans built this in 118–128 AD.
[HD] PANTHEON (Roma - Italia)
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A postcard from Rome - (The Pantheon)
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Pantheon in HD, Rome
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The Pantheon, Rome, Italy
The Pantheon, was built by the Roman's in 125 AD as a pagan temple. It is the best-preserved and most beautifully proportioned of Rome’s ancient monuments. The circular building has been in continuous use throughout its history. Since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Christian church.
Although the identity of the Pantheon's primary architect remains uncertain, it is thought that the emperor Hadrian had a hand in the design.
The most striking feature of the Pantheon is the mass concrete dome, which at its centre is a giant circular opening, or oculus, 8.7m in diameter, which is open to the elements!
Among those buried at The Pantheon are the painters Raphael and Annibale Caracci, and the architect Baldassare Peruzzi. Also buried there are two kings of Italy: Vittorio Emanuele II and Umberto I
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THE PANTHEON / Rome / Italy
Pantheon (m.kreik. Πάνθειον, Pántheion, kaikkien jumalien temppeli) on parhaiten säilynyt antiikinaikainen monumentti Roomassa. Se rakennettiin alun perin pyhäköksi seitsemälle planeetalle ja niiden jumalille. Nykyään se toimii katolisena kristillisenä kirkkona. Pantheonin pyöreä cella kupoleineen on maailmankuulu, ja sitä ovat myöhempien sukupolvien arkkitehdit ihailleet ja jäljitelleet. Rakennukseen on haudattu kuuluisia henkilöitä, kuten Rafaello ja yhdistyneen Italian ensimmäinen kuningas Viktor Emanuel II. Sanaa onkin myöhemmin käytetty valtionjohtajien ja suurmiesten hautapaikasta, kuten Pariisissa. Pantheonin kupoli on halkaisijaltaan 43,44 metriä, ja se on maailman suurin raudoittamattomasta betonista rakennettu kupoli. / Wikipedia
THE PANTHEON | ROME ITALY | SHORT TOUR | 4K TRAVEL GUIDE
The magnificent Pantheon of Rome Italy, it is still standing today, it was a temple dedicatid to all ROMAN GODS it is the Eternal City's best-preserved monument.
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The Pantheon in Rome was built on the orders of Hadrian between 118AD and 125AD, it functioned as a temple to all the Roman Gods. The temple was built to replace Marcus Agrippa's temple which had burnt down in 80AD. The original inscription can still be seen above the Pantheon entrance Marcus Agrippa son of Lucius, having been consul three times made it. The building is in such good condition thanks to renovations made by the Byzantine Emperor Phocas in 608AD when it was converted into a church. The church became the final resting place for several Italian kings including King Vittorio Emanuele II, Umberto I and the artist Raphael who was buried here together with his fiancée. The Pantheon architecture was unlike other Roman Temples and so historians wonder at the buildings use.
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PANTHEON - Rome (4K)
The Pantheon of Agriappa also known as a Roman Pantheon is one of the architectural masterpiece of the Italian capital. Best preserved building from ancient Rome.
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Pantheon - HD footage, information and facts on one of the most famous sites in Rome; Pantheon. Pantheon is one of the best preserved buildings from ancient Rome. The buidling is regarded as one of the greatest spiritual buildings in the world.
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Amazing Grace - Pantheon Rome, Italy
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