Wales | Wikipedia audio article
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Wales
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SUMMARY
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Wales (Welsh: Cymru [ˈkəmri] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain. It is bordered by England to the east, the Irish Sea to the north and west, and the Bristol Channel to the south. It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,680 miles (2,700 km) of coastline and is largely mountainous, with its higher peaks in the north and central areas, including Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit. The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable, maritime climate.
Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations. Llywelyn ap Gruffudd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales, though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century. The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962. Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998, the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
At the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, development of the mining and metallurgical industries transformed the country from an agricultural society into an industrial nation; the South Wales Coalfield's exploitation caused a rapid expansion of Wales' population. Two-thirds of the population live in South Wales, including Cardiff, Swansea, Newport and the nearby valleys. Now that the country's traditional extractive and heavy industries have gone or are in decline, Wales' economy depends on the public sector, light and service industries and tourism.
Although Wales closely shares its political and social history with the rest of Great Britain, and a majority of the population in most areas speaks English as a first language, the country has retained a distinct cultural identity and is officially bilingual. Over 560,000 Welsh language speakers live in Wales, and the language is spoken by a majority of the population in parts of the north and west. From the late 19th century onwards, Wales acquired its popular image as the land of song, in part due to the eisteddfod tradition. At many international sporting events, such as the FIFA World Cup, Rugby World Cup and the Commonwealth Games, Wales has its own national teams, though at the Olympic Games, Welsh athletes compete as part of a Great Britain team. Rugby union is seen as a symbol of Welsh identity and an expression of national consciousness.
David Lloyd George | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:34 1 Upbringing and early life
00:07:01 2 Member of Parliament
00:08:01 2.1 Issues
00:09:39 2.2 Opposes Boer War
00:11:35 2.3 Opposes Education Act of 1902
00:12:27 3 President of the Board of Trade (1905–1908)
00:13:20 4 Chancellor of the Exchequer (1908–1915)
00:14:43 4.1 People's Budget, 1909
00:17:33 4.2 Mansion House Speech, 1911
00:18:33 4.3 Marconi scandal 1913
00:19:08 4.4 Welsh Church Act 1914
00:19:52 4.5 First World War
00:22:04 5 Minister of Munitions
00:24:54 6 Secretary of State for War
00:28:04 7 Prime Minister (1916–1922)
00:28:15 7.1 War leader (1916–1918)
00:28:26 7.1.1 Forming a government
00:31:01 7.1.2 Nivelle Affair
00:33:21 7.1.3 The U-Boat War
00:33:29 7.1.3.1 Shipping
00:35:35 7.1.3.2 Convoys
00:38:33 7.1.4 Russian Revolution
00:39:55 7.1.5 Imperial War Cabinet
00:40:40 7.1.6 Passchendaele
00:44:33 7.1.7 Supreme War Council
00:46:30 7.1.8 Manpower crisis and the unions
00:49:27 7.1.9 Strategic priorities
00:51:20 7.1.10 Home Front
00:52:49 7.1.11 Crises of 1918
00:55:53 7.2 Postwar Prime Minister (1918–1922)
00:56:29 7.2.1 Coupon election of 1918
00:58:53 7.2.2 Paris 1919
01:01:07 7.2.3 Postwar social reforms
01:02:54 7.2.4 Electoral changes: Suffragism
01:03:43 7.2.5 Wages for Workers
01:04:52 7.2.6 Health for the Heroes
01:06:17 7.2.7 What was the cost?
01:06:47 7.2.8 Ireland
01:08:21 7.2.9 Foreign policy crises
01:11:05 7.2.10 Domestic crises
01:12:11 7.2.11 Fall from power 1922
01:13:19 8 Later political career (1922–1945)
01:13:31 8.1 Liberal reunion
01:15:25 8.2 Liberal leader
01:19:48 8.3 Marginalised
01:20:35 8.4 Lloyd George's New Deal
01:21:22 8.5 Appeasement of Germany
01:23:00 8.6 Final years
01:25:01 8.7 Death
01:25:48 9 Assessment
01:28:19 10 Family
01:28:28 10.1 Margaret and children
01:29:28 10.2 Frances
01:30:19 10.3 Descendants
01:31:05 11 Lloyd George's Cabinets
01:31:15 11.1 War Cabinet
01:31:40 11.1.1 War Cabinet changes
01:32:44 11.1.2 Other members of Lloyd George's War Government
01:34:11 11.2 Peacetime Government, January 1919 – October 1922
01:36:00 11.2.1 Peacetime changes
01:38:24 12 Styles of address and honours
01:38:34 12.1 Styles of address
01:39:09 12.2 Peerage
01:39:26 12.3 Decorations
01:40:06 12.4 Academic
01:40:52 12.5 Freedoms
01:41:28 12.6 Namesakes
01:41:59 13 Cultural depictions
01:42:12 14 Selected works
01:43:14 15 See also
01:43:28 16 Notes
01:43:36 17 Citations
01:43:45 18 Bibliography
01:43:54 18.1 Biographical
01:47:09 18.2 Specialized studies
02:03:40 18.3 Primary sources
02:05:05 19 Further reading
02:07:14 20 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8788180161201735
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician. He was the last Liberal to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
As Chancellor of the Exchequer (1908–1915) during H. H. Asquith's tenure as Prime Minister, Lloyd George was a key figure in the introduction of many reforms which laid the foundations of the modern welfare state. His most important role came as the highly energetic Prime Minister of the Wartime Coalition Government (1916–22), during and immediately after the First World War. He was a major player at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 that reordered Europe after the defeat of the Central Powers. Although he remained Prime Minister after the 1918 general election, the Conservatives were the largest party in the coalition, with the Liberals split between those loyal to Lloyd George, and those still supporting Asquith. He became the leader of the Liberal Party in the late 1920s, but it grew even smaller and more divided. By the 1930s he was a marginalised and widely mistrusted figure. He gave weak support to the war effort during the Secon ...