Russian censorship - From Moscow to Murmansk
Censorship in Russia is not limited to journalism: in all possible areas people are threatened and opposed. In this episode of 'From Moscow to Murmansk' Jelle Brandt Corstius brings attention to censorship in Russia and (death) threats to critical journalists, human rights activists and dissidents.
Original title: New censorship
In the first series: From Moscow to Magadan, Jelle Brandt Corstius traveled from West to East, focusing on the endless Russian countryside and the villages. In this second series: From Moscow to Murmansk, he travels from North to South along the largest river of Russia: the Volga River. A trip along the relatively unknown cities like Murmansk, Volgograd, Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod, but also to Moscow and Saint Petersburg. Through topics like women in Russia, new censorship, the environmental problem from Russian perspective and the ideological vacuum, a relatively unknown side of Russia is once again exposed.
Presented by: Jelle Brandt Corstius
Final editor: Gert-Jan Hox
Directed by: Hans Pool
© VPRO August 2012
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A tour of the 2018 World Cup stadiums
(25 Jun 2018) LEADIN
The World Cup is well underway in Russia, finishing July 15.
The event was first held in 1930, and was contested by just thirteen teams.
Today that has all changed. 32 teams are taking part in Russia after a two year qualifying process.
STORYLINE
The 2018 FIFA World Cup is spread across 12 stadiums in 11 host cities.
They range from St. Petersburg, which is so far north that the sun doesn't set on some summer days, to Sochi and its subtropical climate on the Black Sea coast.
STADIUM GUIDE:
LUZHNIKI STADIUM
City: Moscow
Capacity: 81,006
Cost: 24 billion rubles ($410 million) for rebuild
A vast bowl built in the 1950s to showcase the sporting might of the Soviet Union, Luzhniki has been transformed to host the World Cup final.
The old stands were ripped out and the athletics track from the 1980 Olympics torn up as the stadium was converted into a football-specific venue.
That increases capacity and comfort, while bringing fans closer to the action.
Luzhniki reopened on Nov. 11 when Argentina beat Russia 1-0 in a friendly. Russian fans praised the rebuild, but many were angered by lengthy delays in accessing nearby public transport. That improved for subsequent friendlies, but allow plenty of time for travel to Luzhniki and back.
___
SPARTAK STADIUM
City: Moscow
Capacity: 43,298
Cost: 14.5 billion rubles ($250 million)
Home of the 2017 Russian Premier League champion Spartak Moscow, this stadium opened in 2014 and is already well tested as a venue for Champions League and Confederations Cup games.
It is usually known as the Otkritie Arena, but FIFA rules on sponsorship mean a temporary name change for the tournament.
The towering statue of a gladiator outside is a nod to Spartak being named after the Roman slave rebel Spartacus.
It is the only World Cup stadium built without government money. Transport is relatively easy from central Moscow, though chronic traffic jams mean most fans prefer the subway.
___
ST. PETERSBURG STADIUM
City: St. Petersburg
Capacity: 68,134
Cost: 43 billion rubles ($735 million)
Almost everything that could go wrong did go wrong with the St. Petersburg stadium.
Severe delays and soaring costs were just the start for a project which became notorious for employing North Korean laborers, one of whom was among at least eight people to die on the stadium and 17 across all World Cup construction sites, according to the trade union Building and Wood Workers' International.
A deputy governor of St. Petersburg has admitted his role in a 50-million-ruble ($850,000) scheme to siphon off the stadium's budget, though officials say the true picture of corruption was much larger.
The spaceship-like arena - which will host a semifinal - remains plagued by a leaking roof and a pitch which had to be replaced repeatedly.
Confederations Cup games, however, passed largely without incident and Russia says it's working to iron out any more problems.
___
FISHT STADIUM
City: Sochi
Capacity: 47,700
Cost: 23.5 billion rubles ($400 million) for initial construction, 4 billion rubles ($68 million) to convert for football
While memories of the Sochi Olympics became dominated by Russia's doping scandals, one part of the legacy is still gleaming.
Nestled by the Black Sea, Fisht Stadium hosted the lavish opening and closing ceremonies for the 2014 Winter Olympics, and then Confederations Cup games.
How that Olympic legacy continues after the World Cup isn't clear; Sochi doesn't have a football club to use the stadium.
___
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___
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Leaked assassination footage from Russia Natasha Norvikov
Other uploads of this video have been taken down by the Russian government. Please help reveal the truth. More information is coming soon.
Stanislav Markelov, the human rights lawyer who represented the family of Elza Kungaeva, the 18-year-old Chechen woman murdered by Russian Colonel Yuri Budanov in the Chechen village of Tangi-Chu in March 2000, was also murdered in Moscow on January 19. Markelov, who was the founder and president of the Moscow-based Rule of Law Institute, was shot a short distance from the Kremlin by a masked gunman, who also shot Anastasia Baburova, a night student at Moscow State Universitys journalism school and a writer for the newspaper Novaya Gazeta, who was walking with Markelov at the time of the shooting. The lawyer had just held a press conference at Moscows Independent Press Center, during which he condemned the December 24 court decision granting Budanov parole (North Caucasus Weekly, January 9). Budanov was released from prison on January 15, having served eight years and six months of his ten-year sentence for Kungaevas murder.
Markelov died at the scene of the crime while Baburova, who had attended his press conference, died of her wounds in a hospital several hours later. Baburova, who appears not to have been an intended target, was shot by the gunman as she pursued him after he gunned down Markelov.
As Newsru.com reported on January 20, many human rights activists believe Markelovs murder was directly connected to the Kungaeva case. It should be noted that Markelov had filed an appeal with Russias Supreme Court challenging Budanovs early release and said he might also file an appeal challenging the decision to grant Budanov parole with the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Interfax on January 19 quoted Kungaevas father, Visa Kungaev, as saying he had no doubt that Markelov was killed for firmly and consistently defending the interests of the Kungaev family and for filing an appeal with the Russian Supreme Court to overturn Budanovs early release. I am sure this is the work of Budanovs people, Kungaev told Interfax. It is also a warning to other lawyers as well as rights defenders and journalists to keep away from Budanovs case.
In 2003, Visa Kungaev, his wife and four surviving children fled Russia to Norway, and police there have put the family under protective custody in the wake of Markelovs murder. RIA Novosti quoted Kungaev as saying that his family had been forced to move from Russia to Norway after receiving threats over the Budanov case.
Budanov, for his part, called Markelovs murder a dirty provocation in a telephone interview with Komsomolskaya Pravda published on January 20, during which Budanov also conveyed condolences to the families of Markelov and Baburova.
While Budanovs condolences were cynical at best, Kommersant on January 20 quoted one of Markelovs colleagues at the Rule Of Law Institute, Vasily Syzganov, as saying he doubted that Budanov killed the lawyer. I cannot imagine that a man would spend eight years in places of detention and think only about how to kill the opposing partys lawyer, Syzganov told the newspaper. Most likely, somebody simply took advantage of Yuri Budanovs release, he added.
In addition, various observers have noted that Markelov undoubtedly had multiple enemies as a result of his work as a human rights lawyer. As the Moscow Times noted on January 20, Markelovs other clients included Khimkinskaya Pravda editor Mikhail Beketov, an anti-corruption campaigner who was gravely beaten in Khimki, just north of Moscow, in unclear circumstances last year; Chechen Yana Neserkhoyeva, a Nord-Ost hostage accused of helping terrorists in 2002; and Zelimkhan Murdalov, a kidnapped Grozny resident assisted by Novaya Gazeta reporter Anna Politkovskaya, who herself was shot dead in central Moscow in 2006. In addition, Newsru.com reported on January 20 that Markelov often represented the interests of anarchist and pacifist movements, defended victims of police actions criticized the authorities, spoke out against Nazi movements, [and] took part in mass protests. Amnesty International noted in a January 19 press release that it had campaigned on Markelovs behalf back in 2004 after he was attacked, beaten and had documents stolen relating to his work on behalf of Zelimkhan Murdalov. According to Amnesty International, Murdalov was abducted and tortured by Sergei Lapin, an OMON special police detachment officer also known as Kadet who allegedly sent threatening letters to Politkovskaya after she published articles linking him and his OMON colleagues to Murdalovs torture. According to the Associated Press, the Vienna public prosecutors office said it had no proof that Israilov was killed by a hit man or that the killing was political. The office said Austrian police had detained a 40-year-old man of Chechen origin in whose car the killers escaped, but the man denied any involvement
Press Center TV: The territory of Glasnost. Chirikova & Galperovich
Glasnost Territory features Yevgenia Chirikova, environmentalist and leader of the Movement in Defense of the Khimki Forest.
The presenter is Radio Liberty journalist Danila Galperovich.
In this program: Public activeness with respect to the Khodorkovsky-Lebedev trial and the situation around the Khimki Forest: similarities and differences; what are the mistakes of the current Russian government and its weakness; significant examples of how the war on corruption and legal nihilism, proclaimed by the president and the premier, is being waged in reality.
О Чайном пространстве. В гостях у Натали Гончаровой
Беседа со старшим преподавателем Чайной Школы Мойчай.ру, дегустатором и редактором сайта Moychay.ru - Натали Гончаровой.
Что такое пространство чаепития, чайное пространство?
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Тема для ваших вопросов:
15 сентября 2012. Марш миллионов - 3.
Яндекс-кошелек телеканала Politvestnik.tv (в рублях): 410011468589866
журналист: Саша Сотник
съёмка и монтаж: Дмитрий Мелёхин
(с) PoliTVestnik.tv, 2012
News conference of Vladimir Putin 2012 (English Subtitles)
December 20, 2012,
News conference of Vladimir Putin
Пресс-конференция Владимира Путина
VICTORY DAY LIVE IN RUSSIA & MOMMY AZA IS PROUD
VICTORY DAY LIVE IN RUSSIA & THESE RUSSIANS GAVE ME WHAT BLACK DEMOCRATS NEVER COULD OR WOULD - LOYALTY MY MAN MIKE BLOOMBERG & company are due to be in court August 7th , 2012 in Queens County, NYS SUPREME COURT, ROOM 43, BEFORE NYS SUPREME COURT PHYLLIS ORLIKOFF FLUG @ 9:30 A.M & I GOTTA SAY I LOVE YOU SO MUCH FOR MAKING ME SO FAMOUS mike Bloomberg & you idiot Black elected officials of S E Queens, N.Y & IT'S MAYOR MIKE BLOOMBERG, THE FATEHR OF THE KING OF HOMELESSNESS & MESSIAH OF HE HOMLESS TALKING ABOUT THERE'S EVIDENCE OF A SUSPICIOUS DEATH OF MY WITNESS ROBERT HUNTLEY WHO IS THE SON OF NEW YORK STATE SENATOR SHIRLEY L. HUNTLEY & IT WAS COVERED UP & WE WANNA KNOW WHY? MAYOR WAS IT A MURDER COVER-UP OR WHAT/ JUST LIKE Mrs. PHRONIE GREE OF THE NAZI-COPY-CAT CRIME COVER-UP @ YOUTUBE.COM/PHILDRICE1 & LOOK FOR THE THOUSANDS OF VIDEOS ON YOUTUBE.COM/PHILDRICE
in The Matter of:
SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
COUNTY OF QUEENS
__________________________________
PHILIPPE EDOUARD DRICE Index No. 28741-2011
Plaintiff,
VERIFIED COMPLAINT
-against-
MAYOR MICHAEL R. BLOOMBERG, Queens District Attorney RICHARD A. BROWN,
NYPD, BERNIE PORTER
NEW YORK CITY HOUSING AUTHORITY, JOHN B. RHEA, MICHAEL P. KELLY
NYCHA TENANT ASSOCIATION, HOLSIA MITCHEL,
NEW YORK CITY HUMAN RESOURCES ADMINISTRATION,
NEW YORK CITY ADULT PROTECTIVE SERVICES,
CREEDMOOR PSYCHIATRIC LEGAL SERVICES, JAMIE BUTCHIN,
GREGORY W. MEEKS, IDA M.SMITH, KIM FULLER,
SHIRLEY L. HUNTLEY, LESTER MUSE,
MALCOLM A. SMITH, VIVIAN E. COOK,
LEROY COMRIE & RANCE HUFF,
BILL THOMPSON, DONNA FUREY
ARE THE Defendant(s)
I SAID EVERY ONE WHO HAD A HAND IN THE HONEY DEW BUCKET OF THE DESTRUCTION OF MY LIFE SHALL BE MADE OT ANSWER; SO HELP ME GOD! I BELIEVE AT THE END OF THE PROCESS OF WHY TO HOW WE CAN COME TO A REASONABLE CONCLUSION OF THE INITIAL ALLEGATIONS THAT NYCHA, HRA & APS ARE CONDUCTING A FORM OF REDLINING WHICH IS A FINGER POINTING LOUDLY AT MAYOR BLOOMBERG MISUSING HIS COMMISSIONERS TO CIRCUMVENT FEDERAL LAWS BY GETTING THESE MINORITY COMMISSIONERS TO HAVE CAREER POLICY PERSONNEL WRITE STUFF THE POOR COLOREDS CAN'T FIGHT IN ANY SHAPE OR FORM WHETHER IT BE INTELLECTUALLY OR FINANCIALLY WHICH ARE THE ONLY METHODS ACCEPTABLE IN NYS SUPREME COURT TO DO IT YOURSELF LIKE I DID FOR ME AND FOR ROSINA LOR OR PAY A LAWYER MORE MONEY THAN YOU NEED OT BUY A HOUSE IN TODAY'S MARKET. THAT IS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS & A WAR AGAINST THE POOR AND LESS EDUCATED A WAR OF THE INTELLECTUALS AGAINST THE POOR & LESS EDUCATED. THAT'S MY STORY AND I AM GOING TO SELL IT RIGHT AFTER I GET THESE AFOREMENTIONED IN A LEGAL MATTER THEY CAN'T GET OUT OF BEFORE NOVEMBER 2012 & THAT IS ESPECIALLY FOR BILL THOMPSON FOR HIS MAYORAL RUN IN 2012 TO TAKE CITY HALL IN JANUARY 20, 2013. IT MAY NOT OCCUR WHEN EVERYONE FINDS OUT HOW CROOKED THE DEMOCRATS WERE IN 2009 AND I DID IT FOR THEM AND I AM SNITCHING! SO FUCK OFF IF YOU DON'T LIKE IT.
THIS IS AN 9 MILLION DOLLAR LAWSUIT AGAINST
THE QUEENS D A - APPROVED BY NYC COMPTROLLER 1 MILLION
NYPD - APPROVED BY NYC COMPTROLLER 1 MIL
THE CONGRESSMAN, THE 2 NYS SENATORS, THE ASSEMBLY WOMAN, THE COUNCILMAN, THE NYS SUPREME COURT, INCAPACITATED HEARING COURT EVALUATOR THE SHARK Ms. DONNA FUREY, THE QUEENS, COUNTY, N.Y L & T COURT JUDGE IS THE MARIA RESSOS, BILL THOMPSON $ 75,000, S E QUEENS PRESS & REPORTER WHO HELPED SHIRLEY HUNTLEY COMMIT ELECTION FRAUD 1 MIL.
SEE ME PLAY WITH THE BOOK AS WE ASK MAYOR BLOOMBERG & THE BLACK MAFIA - DO YOU GUYS STILL THINK IT'S FUNNY MAKING ME HOMELESS & TOOK ALL FROM ME TO COVER THIS UP ALL THE WAY TO TRYING TO KILL ME WITH THE POLICE out of the Queens County New York District Attorney's office?
DAMN!!! that's what you call AMERICAN TORTURE IN AMERICA BY AMERICANS AGAINST IMMIGRANTS & I'M GETTING OUT AFTER TELLING THE STORY TO A JUDGE FOR MONEY DAMAGES WERE TEACHING CIVILIANS TACTICS LIKE AMERICAN USE TO TEACH IN THE SCHOOL OF HE AMERICAS THAT WAS IN PANAMA (I WAS THERE TOO) & TELLING THE STORY OF AMERICAN TORTURE BY AMERICANS IN THIS COUNTRY & BY AMERICAN GOVERNMENT AGENTS & THE GOVERNMENT AGENTS. AS MUCH AS I LOVED AMERICA I NEED TO LEARN TO LOVE QUEBEC OR AUSTRALIA TO GET OUT FROM UNDER AMERICAN IMPERIAL OPPRESSION IN THE CONTINENTAL U.S AGAINST HAITIANS.
CIVIL LITIGATION WITH OWN FUNDS 250 PAGE summons & complaint & 2 DVD OF SUPPORTIVE VIDEO EVIDENCE TO 17 ENTITIES & 6 PEOPLE = 30 ENTITIES
Moscow | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Moscow
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Moscow (; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskvá, IPA: [mɐˈskva] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17 million within the urban area. Moscow is one of Russia's federal cities.
Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as the largest city (both by population and by area) entirely on the European continent. By broader definitions Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the 14th largest metro area, the 18th largest agglomeration, the 14th largest urban area, and the 11th largest by population within city limits worldwide. According to Forbes 2013, Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world by Mercer and has one of the world's largest urban economies, being ranked as an alpha global city according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world according to the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index.
Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth. It is home to the Ostankino Tower, the tallest free standing structure in Europe; the Federation Tower, the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe; and the Moscow International Business Center. By its territorial expansion on July 1 2012 southwest into the Moscow Oblast, the area of the capital more than doubled, going from 1,091 to 2,511 square kilometers (421 to 970 sq mi), resulting in Moscow becoming the largest city on the European continent by area; it also gained an additional population of 233,000 people.Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia, making it Europe's most populated inland city. The city is well known for its architecture, particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral with its colourful architectural style. With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery, it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world, having the largest forest in an urban area within its borders—more than any other major city—even before its expansion in 2012.
The city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union and the contemporary Russian Federation.
Moscow is the seat of power of the Government of Russia, being the site of the Moscow Kremlin, a medieval city-fortress that is today the residence for work of the President of Russia. The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in the city. Moscow is considered the centre of Russian culture, having served as the home of Russian artists, scientists and sports figures and because of the presence of museums, academic and political institutions and theatres.
The city is served by a transit network, which includes four international airports, nine railway terminals, numerous trams, a monorail system and one of the deepest underground rapid transit systems in the world, the Moscow Metro, the fourth-largest in the world and largest outside Asia in terms of passenger numbers, and the busiest in Europe. It is recognised as one of the city's landmarks due to the rich architecture of its 200 stations.Moscow has acquired a number of epithets, most referring to its size and preeminent status within the nation: The Third Rome (Третий Рим), the Whitestone One (Белокаменная), the First Throne (Первопрестольная), the Forty Soroks (Сорок Сороков) (sorok meaning both forty, a great many and a district or parish in Old Russian).
Moscow is also one of the twelve Hero Cities. The demonym for a Moscow res ...
Sheremetyevo International Airport | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sheremetyevo International Airport
00:01:41 1 History
00:01:50 1.1 Early years
00:04:09 1.2 Development since the 2000s
00:07:38 2 Terminals and infrastructure
00:08:11 2.1 North terminals
00:08:19 2.1.1 Terminal A
00:08:43 2.1.2 Terminal B
00:10:16 2.1.3 Terminal C
00:11:26 2.2 South terminals
00:11:35 2.2.1 Terminal D
00:14:13 2.2.2 Terminal E
00:15:18 2.2.3 Terminal F
00:16:18 3 Airlines and destinations
00:16:28 3.1 Passenger
00:16:37 3.2 Cargo
00:16:45 4 Statistics
00:16:54 4.1 Annual traffic
00:17:03 5 Ground transportation
00:17:12 5.1 Rail
00:18:24 5.1.1 Interterminal underground passage
00:19:22 5.2 Bus
00:20:19 5.3 Road
00:20:56 6 Accidents and incidents
00:22:22 7 In popular culture
00:23:55 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Sheremetyevo International Airport (Russian: Международный аэропорт Шереметьево, IPA: [ʂɨrʲɪˈmʲetʲjɪvə]) (IATA: SVO, ICAO: UUEE) is an international airport located in Khimki, Moscow Oblast, Russia, 29 km (18 mi) northwest of central Moscow. Though the airport mainly serves the federal city of Moscow, it is not within the jurisdiction thereof. It is a hub for passenger operations of the Russian international airline Aeroflot, and is one of the three major airports that serve Moscow, along with Moscow Domodedovo Airport and Vnukovo International Airport (the IATA city code for Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo, and Vnukovo is MOW). The airport serves a number of international airlines, including Air France, KLM, Korean Air, Hainan Airlines, Alitalia, Air China and Flydubai.
In 2017, the airport handled 40,093,000 passengers and 308,090 aircraft movements, making the airport the 50th busiest airport in the world, the busiest in the Russian Federation and former USSR. During the first half of 2018, the Airport reported a 13% increase in passengers for a total of 20.5 million. There was also a 14.3% increase in aircraft traffic year over year.In the first half of 2018, the Airport reported €194.9 million, a 6% increase year over year. Profit increased 7.4% year over year. These increases are attributed in part to increased air traffic due to the 2018 FIFA World Cup.
Lockheed U-2 | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:50 1 Development
00:01:59 1.1 Background
00:04:39 1.2 Lockheed proposal
00:07:33 1.3 Approval
00:10:10 1.4 Manufacture
00:13:32 1.5 Fuel
00:15:35 1.6 Radar cross-section reduction
00:16:05 2 Design
00:23:28 2.1 Sensors
00:24:47 3 Operational history
00:24:58 3.1 United States
00:25:07 3.1.1 Pilot selection and training
00:28:01 3.1.2 Test flights
00:32:12 3.1.3 Cover story
00:34:24 3.1.4 First overflights of Communist territory
00:39:39 3.1.5 Bomber gap disproven
00:41:02 3.1.6 Suez Crisis
00:42:58 3.1.7 Renewal of Eastern Bloc overflights
00:47:00 3.1.8 The missile gap
00:50:56 3.1.9 May 1960 U-2 incident
00:55:24 3.1.10 Restructuring
00:57:24 3.1.11 Cuba
01:01:19 3.1.12 Asia
01:05:48 3.1.13 U-2 carrier operations
01:07:04 3.1.14 1970–2000
01:09:31 3.1.15 Recent use and planned retirement
01:16:32 3.2 United Kingdom
01:20:23 3.3 Republic of China
01:26:43 4 Variants
01:26:53 4.1 Primary list
01:29:36 4.2 U-2E/F/H details
01:30:52 4.3 U-2R/S details
01:32:19 4.4 ER-2 details
01:33:10 4.5 TR-X/RQ-180
01:37:35 5 Operators
01:43:09 6 Aircraft on display
01:43:19 6.1 China
01:43:56 6.2 Cuba
01:45:00 6.3 Norway
01:45:16 6.4 Russia
01:45:43 6.5 United Kingdom
01:46:01 6.6 United States
01:47:52 7 Specifications (U-2S)
01:51:01 8 In popular culture
01:52:14 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9065410457511243
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed Dragon Lady, is an American single-jet engine, ultra-high altitude reconnaissance aircraft operated by the United States Air Force (USAF) and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). It provides day and night, high-altitude (70,000 feet; 21,000 m), all-weather intelligence gathering.Lockheed Corporation originally proposed it in 1953, approval followed 1954, and the first test flight occurred in 1955. It was flown during the Cold War over the Soviet Union, China, Vietnam, and Cuba. In 1960, Gary Powers was shot down in a CIA U-2A over the Soviet Union by a surface-to-air missile (SAM). Major Rudolf Anderson Jr. was shot down in another U-2 during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.
U-2s have also taken part in post–Cold War conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, and supported several multinational NATO operations. The U-2 has also been used for electronic sensor research, satellite calibration, scientific research, and communications purposes. The U-2 is one of a handful of aircraft types to have served the USAF for over 50 years, like the Boeing B-52 and Boeing KC-135. The newest models (TR-1, U-2R, U-2S) entered service in the 1980s with the latest model, the U-2S, receiving its technical upgrade in 2012.