Perm
Perm is a city and the administrative center of Perm Krai, Russia, located on the banks of the Kama River in the European part of Russia near the Ural Mountains. From 1940 to 1957 it was named Molotov.
According to the 2010 Census, Perm's population is 991,162, down from 1,001,653 recorded in the 2002 Census and 1,090,944 recorded in 1989 Census. As of the 2010 Census, the city was the thirteenth most populous in Russia.
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History of the Jews in Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Russia
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SUMMARY
=======
Jews in Russia have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world. Within these territories the primarily Ashkenazi Jewish communities of many different areas flourished and developed many of modern Judaism's most distinctive theological and cultural traditions, while also facing periods of anti-Semitic discriminatory policies and persecutions. The largest group among Russian Jews are Ashkenazi Jews, but the community also includes a significant number of other Diasporan Jewish groups, such as Mountain Jews, Sephardic Jews, Crimean Karaites, Krymchaks, Bukharan Jews, and Georgian Jews.
The presence of Jewish people in the European part of Russia can be traced to the 7th–14th centuries CE. In the 11th and 12th centuries, the Jewish population in Kiev, in present-day Ukraine, was restricted to a separate quarter. Evidence of the presence of Jewish people in Muscovite Russia is first documented in the chronicles of 1471. During the reign of Catherine II in the 18th century, Jewish people were restricted to the Pale of Settlement within Russia, the territory where they could live or immigrate to. Alexander III escalated anti-Jewish policies. Beginning in the 1880s, waves of anti-Jewish pogroms swept across different regions of the empire for several decades. More than two million Jews fled Russia between 1880 and 1920, mostly to the United States and what is today the State of Israel.The Pale of Settlement took away many of the rights that the Jewish people of the late 17th century Russia were experiencing. At this time, the Jewish people were restricted to an area of what is current day Belarus, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine. Where Western Europe was experiencing emancipation at this time, the laws for the Jewish people were getting more strict. The general attitude towards Jewish people was to look down on the religion and the people. It was as both a religion and a race, something that one could not escape if they tried. Slowly, the Jewish people were allowed to move further east towards a less crowded population. This was a small change, and did not come to all Jewish people, and not even a small minority of them. In this more spread out area, the Jewish people lived in communities, known as Schtetls. These communities were very similar to what would be known as ghettos in World War II, with the cramped and subpar living conditions.Before 1917 there were 300,000 Zionists in Russia, while the main Jewish socialist organization, the Bund, had 33,000 members. Only 958 Jews had joined the Bolshevik Party before 1917; thousands joined after the Revolution. The chaotic years of World War I, the February and October Revolutions, and the Russian Civil War had created social disruption that led to anti-Semitism. Some 150,000 Jews were killed in the pogroms of 1918–1922, 125,000 of them in Ukraine, 25,000 in Belarus. The pogroms were mostly perpetrated by anti-communist forces; sometimes, Red Army units engaged in pogroms as well. After a short period of confusion, the Soviets started executing guilty individuals and even disbanding the army units whose men had attacked Jews. Although pogroms were still perpetrated after this, mainly by Ukrainian units of the Red Army during its retreat from Poland (1920), in general, the Jews regarded the Red Army as the only force which was able and willing to defend them. The Russian Civil War pogroms shocked world Jewry and rallied many Jews to the Red Army and the Soviet regime, and also strengthened the desire for the creation of a homeland for the Jewish people.In August 1919 the Soviet government arrested many rabbis, seized Jewish properties, including synagogues, and dissolved many Jewish communities. The Jewish section of the Communist Party labeled the use of the Hebrew language reactionary and elitist and the teaching of Hebrew was banned ...
Russian Passover Seder at Temple B'nai Torah, Bellevue, WA
Temple B'nai Torah
Fireworks nightmare: Up to 100 reported dead at night party
An explosion at a night club in central Russia has reportedly killed at least 100 people. According to local officials, most people died due to smoke inhailation and the crush as the people fought to escape the venue.
Jewish Education in Tomsk, Siberia, Russia
Knife-wielding man 'covered in blood' dies in Adelaide
A man has died in Adelaide after getting into a stranger’s car and asking the driver to take him to hospital.
USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928)
00:00:46 1 History
00:02:32 2 Legislative Measures
00:04:59 3 Persecution against the Orthodox Church
00:09:48 4 Campaign to Seize Church Valuables
00:17:30 5 Renovationist Schism
00:24:52 6 Anti-Religious Propaganda
00:29:02 7 Debate on Methodology
00:32:22 8 Education
00:33:33 9 Revisal of Renovationist Policy and Policies to Non-Orthodox Religions
00:35:58 10 Ukrainian Church
00:37:17 11 Policies towards Muslims
00:40:15 12 Activities of Public Institutions
00:42:53 13 Foreign Relations
00:44:33 14 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The USSR anti-religious campaign (1921–1928) was a campaign of anti-religious persecution against churches and believers by the Soviet government following the initial anti-religious campaign during the Russian Civil War. The elimination of most religion and its replacement with deism, agnosticism and atheism supported with a materialist world view was a fundamental ideological goal of the state. To this end the state conducted anti-religious persecutions against believers that were meant to hurt and destroy religion. It was never made illegal to be a believer or to have religion, and so the activities of this campaign were often veiled under other pretexts (usually resistance to the regime) that the state invoked or invented in order to justify its activities.
History of the Jews in Latvia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of the Jews in Latvia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The History of the Jews in Latvia dates back to the first Jewish colony established in Piltene in 1571. Jews contributed to Latvia's development until the Northern War (1700–1721), which decimated Latvia's population. The Jewish community reestablished itself in the 18th century, mainly through an influx from Prussia, and came to play a principal role in the economic life of Latvia.Under an independent Latvia, Jews formed political parties and participated as members of parliament. The Jewish community flourished. Jewish parents had the right to send their children to schools using Hebrew as the language of instruction, as part of a significant network of minority schools.World War II ended the prominence of the Jewish Community. Under Stalin, Jews, who formed only 5% of the population, constituted 12% of the deportees. This paled in comparison to the Holocaust, which killed 90% of Latvia's Jewish population.Today's Jewish community traces its roots to survivors of the Holocaust, Jews who fled to the USSR to escape the Nazi invasion and later returned, and mostly to Jews newly immigrated to Latvia from the Soviet Union. The Latvian Jewish community today is small but active.
Yekaterinburg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:18 1 History
00:00:27 1.1 Prehistory
00:00:46 1.2 Imperial era
00:01:04 1.3 Soviet era
00:01:22 1.4 Contemporary era
00:01:41 2 Geography and climate
00:01:50 2.1 Location
00:02:09 2.2 Time
00:02:27 2.3 Climate
00:02:45 3 Demographics
00:02:55 3.1 Population
00:03:13 3.2 Religion
00:03:31 4 Government
00:03:50 4.1 Administrative districts
00:04:08 4.2 Administration
00:04:18 4.2.1 Urban
00:04:36 4.2.2 Oblast
00:04:54 4.2.3 Federal
00:05:13 4.3 Politics
00:05:31 5 Economy
00:05:40 5.1 Overview
00:05:59 5.2 Living costs and the labor market
00:06:17 5.3 Finance and business
00:06:36 5.4 Industry
00:06:54 5.5 Retail and services
00:07:13 5.6 Tourism
00:07:31 6 Infrastructure
00:07:40 6.1 Transportation
00:07:59 6.1.1 Roads
00:08:17 6.1.2 Public transit
00:08:36 6.1.3 Rail
00:08:54 6.1.4 Air
00:09:12 6.2 Health
00:09:31 7 Education
00:09:59 8 Media and telecommunications
00:10:17 9 Life and culture
00:10:26 9.1 Overview
00:10:54 9.2 Architecture
00:11:21 9.3 Sports
00:11:40 9.3.1 Sport clubs
00:11:58 9.3.2 2018 FIFA World Cup
00:12:17 10 International relations
00:12:26 10.1 Consulates
00:12:44 10.2 BRIC summit
00:13:03 10.3 World Expo
00:13:21 10.4 Twin towns and sister cities
00:13:31 11 Notable people
00:13:40 12 Others
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.7596888495503729
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Yekaterinburg ( yih-KAT-ər-in-burg; Russian: Екатеринбу́рг, IPA: [jɪkətʲɪrʲɪnˈburk]), alternatively romanized Ekaterinburg, is the fourth-largest city in Russia and the administrative centre of Sverdlovsk Oblast, located on the Iset River east of the Ural Mountains, in the middle of the Eurasian continent, on the Asian side of the boundary between Asia and Europe. It is the main cultural and industrial centre of the oblast. In 2018, it had an estimated population of 1,501,652. Yekaterinburg has been dubbed the third capital of Russia, as it is ranked third by the size of economy, culture, transportation and tourism. It is located about 1,420 kilometres (880 mi) to the east of Moscow.
The region was settled and developed by Novgorodians already in the 11th century.
Yekaterinburg was founded on 18 November 1723 and named after the Russian emperor Peter the Great's wife, who after his death became Catherine I, Yekaterina being the Russian form of her name. The city served as the mining capital of the Russian Empire as well as a strategic connection between Europe and Asia at the time. In 1781, Catherine the Great gave Yekaterinburg the status of a district town of Perm Province, and built the main road of the Empire, the Siberian Route, through the city. Yekaterinburg became a key city to Siberia, which had rich resources, and was known as the window to Asia, a reference to Saint Petersburg as a window to Europe. In the late 19th century, Yekaterinburg became one of the centres of revolutionary movements in the Urals. In 1924, after Russia became a socialist state, the city was named Sverdlovsk (Russian: Свердло́вск) after the Bolshevik leader Yakov Sverdlov. During the Soviet era, Sverdlovsk was turned into an industrial and administrative powerhouse. In 1991, after the fall of the Soviet Union, the city returned to its historical name.
Yekaterinburg is one of the most important economic centres in Russia, and the city had experienced economic and population growth recently. Some of the tallest buildings in Russia are located in the city.
Victory Day in Minsk
May 9th Victory Square obelisk and the eternal flame. The placard on top of the buildings reads The Peoples Deeds Will Live Forever. Non-Jewish Jews and other citizens of Belarus sing Soviet songs commemorating the victory of the workers state over the capitalists.
Hungarian people | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:25 1 Name
00:04:34 2 History
00:04:43 2.1 Origin
00:05:21 2.2 Pre-4th century AD
00:06:09 2.3 4th century to c. 830
00:07:22 2.4 c. 830 to c. 895
00:08:28 2.5 Entering the Carpathian Basin (c. 895)
00:10:22 2.6 After 900
00:12:05 2.7 Early modern period to present
00:17:47 3 Ethnic affiliations and genetic origins
00:24:54 3.1 Paternal haplogroups
00:27:29 3.2 Other influences
00:28:24 4 Hungarian diaspora
00:28:45 5 Maps
00:28:54 6 Traditional costumes (18th and 19th century)
00:29:06 7 Folklore and communities
00:29:16 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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Speaking Rate: 0.9124366843361438
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Hungarians, also known as Magyars (Hungarian: magyarok), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history and language. Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family. There are an estimated 14.2–14.5 million ethnic Hungarians and their descendants worldwide, of whom 9.6 million live in today's Hungary (as of 2016). About 2.2 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon and are now parts of Hungary's seven neighbouring countries, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia and Austria. Significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world, most of them in the United States, Canada, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Brazil, Australia, and Argentina.
Hungarians can be classified into several subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics; subgroups with distinct identities include the Székelys, the Csángós, the Palóc, the Matyó and the Jász people, the last being considered to be an originally Iranic ethnic group being closely related to the Ossetians than to other Hungarians.
Spain Train Crash CCTV Footage (Santiago de Compostela)
Scores of people have been killed and at least 140 injured in Spain's worst train crash in 40 years. Officials said there are no signs
Oxford | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:40 1 History
00:01:50 1.1 Medieval
00:07:45 1.1.1 University of Oxford
00:10:26 1.2 Early modern
00:10:35 1.2.1 English Civil War
00:11:29 1.3 Late modern
00:13:40 1.4 20th and 21st centuries
00:18:34 2 Geography
00:18:44 2.1 Physical
00:18:52 2.1.1 Location
00:20:17 2.1.2 Climate
00:21:42 2.2 Human
00:22:00 2.2.1 Suburbs
00:23:11 2.2.2 Green belt
00:24:37 3 Economy
00:24:58 3.1 Car production
00:25:27 3.2 Publishing
00:25:59 3.3 Science and technology
00:27:00 3.4 Education
00:27:32 3.5 Brewing
00:30:26 3.6 Bellfounding
00:30:45 4 Shopping
00:32:08 5 Landmarks
00:32:50 5.1 University of Oxford
00:33:45 5.2 The city centre
00:36:11 5.3 The Bodleian Library
00:37:27 5.4 Museums and galleries
00:41:11 5.5 Other attractions
00:41:54 5.6 Parks and nature walks
00:42:50 6 Transport
00:43:00 6.1 Air
00:43:29 6.2 Buses
00:46:32 6.3 Coach
00:47:30 6.4 Cycling
00:47:48 6.5 Rail
00:52:16 6.6 Rail–airport links
00:52:46 6.7 River and canal
00:53:52 6.8 Roads
00:55:04 6.8.1 A roads
00:56:51 6.8.2 Motorway
00:57:47 7 Education
00:57:56 7.1 Schools
00:58:05 7.2 Universities and colleges
00:58:39 8 Media
01:00:51 9 Culture
01:01:00 9.1 Theatres and cinemas
01:02:00 9.2 Literature and film
01:07:39 9.3 Music
01:09:54 10 Sport
01:10:04 10.1 Football
01:12:30 10.2 Rugby league
01:13:11 10.3 Rugby union
01:14:22 10.4 Speedway and greyhound racing
01:15:31 10.5 Hockey
01:16:14 10.6 Ice hockey
01:17:02 10.7 American football
01:17:31 10.8 Cricket
01:18:00 10.9 Rowing
01:18:36 10.10 Other sports
01:19:09 11 Twin towns
01:19:41 12 Gallery
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
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- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.7780079905673059
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-C
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Oxford ( OKS-fərd) is a university city in south central England and the county town of Oxfordshire. With a population of approximately 155,000, it is the 52nd largest city in the United Kingdom, with one of the fastest growing populations in the UK, and it remains the most ethnically diverse area in Oxfordshire county. The city is 51 miles (82 km) from London, 61 miles (98 km) from Bristol, 59 miles (95 km) from Southampton, 57 miles (92 km) from Birmingham and 24 miles (39 km) from Reading.
The city is known worldwide as the home of the University of Oxford, the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Buildings in Oxford demonstrate notable examples of every English architectural period since the late Saxon period. Oxford is known as the City of Dreaming Spires, a term coined by poet Matthew Arnold. Oxford has a broad economic base. Its industries include motor manufacturing, education, publishing and a large number of information technology and science-based businesses, some being academic offshoots.