T. C. Williams High School 2019 Commencement Ceremony
June 15, 2019
Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire. The castle is notable for its long association with the English and later British royal family and also for its architecture. The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion by William the Conqueror. Since the time of Henry I, it has been used by succeeding monarchs and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe. The castle's lavish, early 19th-century State Apartments are architecturally significant, described by art historian Hugh Roberts as a superb and unrivalled sequence of rooms widely regarded as the finest and most complete expression of later Georgian taste. The castle includes the 15th-century St George's Chapel, considered by historian John Martin Robinson to be one of the supreme achievements of English Perpendicular Gothic design. More than five hundred people live and work in Windsor Castle.
Originally designed to protect Norman dominance around the outskirts of London, and to oversee a strategically important part of the River Thames, Windsor Castle was built as a motte and bailey, with three wards surrounding a central mound. Gradually replaced with stone fortifications, the castle withstood a prolonged siege during the First Barons' War at the start of the 13th century. Henry III built a luxurious royal palace within the castle during the middle of the century, and Edward III went further, rebuilding the palace to produce an even grander set of buildings in what would become the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England. Edward's core design lasted through the Tudor period, during which Henry VIII and Elizabeth I made increasing use of the castle as a royal court and centre for diplomatic entertainment.
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Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
00:01:08 1 Early life
00:02:41 2 Military career
00:04:07 2.1 Flanders
00:04:59 2.2 Commander-in-Chief
00:09:00 3 Death
00:09:24 4 Family
00:10:00 5 Titles, styles, and honours
00:10:11 5.1 Titles and styles
00:10:58 5.2 Honours
00:11:37 6 Legacy
00:12:45 7 Ancestors
00:12:54 8 See also
00:13:09 9 References and notes
00:13:18 10 Sources
00:15:14 11 Further reading
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (Frederick Augustus; 16 August 1763 – 5 January 1827) was the second son of George III, King of the United Kingdom and Hanover, and his consort Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. A soldier by profession, from 1764 to 1803 he was Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück in the Holy Roman Empire. From the death of his father in 1820 until his own death in 1827 he was the heir presumptive to his elder brother, George IV, in both the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Kingdom of Hanover.
Frederick was thrust into the British Army at a very early age and was appointed to high command at the age of thirty, when he was given command of a notoriously ineffectual campaign during the War of the First Coalition, a continental war following the French Revolution. Later, as Commander-in-Chief during the Napoleonic Wars, he oversaw the reorganisation of the British Army, establishing vital structural, administrative and recruiting reforms for which he is credited with having done more for the army than any one man has done for it in the whole of its history.
Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, KT, GCB, OM, DSO & Two Bars was a British admiral of the Second World War. Cunningham was widely known by his nickname, ABC.
Cunningham was born in Rathmines in the south side of Dublin on 7 January 1883. After starting his schooling in Dublin and Edinburgh, he enrolled at Stubbington House School, at the age of ten, beginning his association with the Royal Navy. After passing out of Britannia Royal Naval College, Dartmouth, in 1898, he progressed rapidly in rank. He commanded a destroyer during the First World War and through most of the interwar period. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and two Bars, for his performance during this time, specifically for his actions in the Dardanelles and in the Baltics.
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Bermuda | Wikipedia audio article
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Bermuda
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SUMMARY
=======
Bermuda () is a British Overseas Territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately 1,070 km (665 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; 1,236 km (768 mi) south of Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia; and 1,759 km (1,093 mi) north of Cuba. The capital city is Hamilton. Bermuda is self-governing, with its own constitution and its own government, which enacts local laws, while the United Kingdom retains responsibility for defence and foreign relations.
Bermuda's two largest economic sectors are offshore insurance and reinsurance, and tourism. Bermuda had one of the world's highest GDP per capita for most of the 20th century. The island has a subtropical climate and lies in the hurricane belt and thus is prone to related severe weather; however, it is somewhat protected by a coral reef that surrounds the island and its position at the north of the belt, which limits the direction and severity of approaching storms.
Robert Morris (financier) | Wikipedia audio article
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Robert Morris (financier)
00:03:09 1 Early life
00:04:08 2 Personal and family life
00:05:13 2.1 Shipping and slavery
00:09:18 2.2 Conflict with Britain
00:10:41 3 Continental Congress
00:13:59 3.1 Financed the war
00:18:05 3.2 Superintendent of Finance of the United States
00:22:52 3.3 Morris House
00:24:28 3.4 Later political career
00:26:36 4 Later life
00:31:43 4.1 Land speculation
00:36:26 4.2 Panic of 1797 and bankruptcy
00:49:04 5 Legacy
00:52:17 6 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Robert Morris, Jr. (January 20, 1734 – May 8, 1806), a Founding Father of the United States, was an English-born American merchant who financed the American Revolution, oversaw the striking of the first coins of the United States, and signed the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, and the United States Constitution. Along with Alexander Hamilton and Albert Gallatin, he is widely regarded as one of the founders of the financial system of the United States.
Born in Liverpool, Morris migrated to the United States in his teens, quickly becoming a successful businessman. In the aftermath of the French and Indian War (1754–1763), Morris became a prominent opponent of unpopular British policies like the Stamp Act in 1765. He was elected to the Pennsylvania Assembly, became the chairman of the Pennsylvania Committee of Safety, and was chosen as a delegate to the Second Continental Congress. He served as chairman of the Secret Committee of Trade and as a member of the Committee of Correspondence. Though reluctant to break with Britain, he ultimately came to support the independence movement and emerged as an important financier of the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783).
From 1781 to 1784, he served as the Superintendent of Finance of the United States, a forerunner to the position of U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. As the central civilian in the government, Morris was, next to General George Washington, the most powerful man in America. His successful administration led to the sobriquet, Financier of the Revolution. At the same time he was Agent of Marine, a position he took without pay, and from which he controlled the Continental Navy. He successfully proposed numerous policies including the creation of a national bank, but many of his ideas were not enacted. In 1783, Morris oversaw the creation of the first US coins, the Nova Constellatio patterns, which illustrated his plan for a national decimal coinage; although the plan was not adopted, his coins were examined by both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, influencing both men in their creation of the decimal monetary system that is used by the United States today. In 1787, he was elected as a delegate to the Philadelphia Convention, which created a more powerful federal government.
Morris declined Washington's offer to serve as the nation's first Treasury Secretary, instead suggesting that Washington appoint Hamilton to the position. Morris represented Pennsylvania in the Senate from 1789 to 1795, during which time he aligned with the Federalist Party and supported Hamilton's economic policies. Morris invested a considerable portion of his fortune in land shortly before the Panic of 1796–1797, which led to his bankruptcy in 1798, and he spent several years in debtors' prison, until the United States Congress passed a bankruptcy act to release him. After he left prison in 1801, he lived a quiet, private life in a modest home in Philadelphia until his death in 1806.
Southern Rhodesia in World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:37 1 Background
00:06:19 2 Outbreak of war
00:10:40 3 Africa and the Mediterranean
00:10:50 3.1 Early deployments
00:12:29 3.2 East Africa
00:18:05 3.3 North Africa
00:25:30 3.4 El Alamein
00:27:48 3.5 Tunisia
00:31:21 3.6 Dodecanese
00:33:16 3.7 Italy
00:38:19 3.8 Balkans and Greece
00:41:31 3.9 Spring 1945 offensive in Italy
00:45:00 4 Britain, Norway and western Europe
00:50:01 5 Burma
00:56:01 6 Southern Rhodesians in other theatres
00:57:03 7 Home front
00:57:12 7.1 Rhodesian Air Training Group
01:00:23 7.2 Home service
01:02:09 7.2.1 Women
01:04:22 7.3 Domestic politics
01:05:00 7.4 Economic impact; conscripted labour
01:11:15 7.5 Internment camps and Polish refugees
01:13:57 8 End of the war
01:14:47 8.1 Statistics
01:17:45 9 Legacy
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Speaking Rate: 0.998484797387344
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Southern Rhodesia, then a self-governing colony of the United Kingdom, entered World War II along with Britain shortly after the invasion of Poland in 1939. By the war's end, 26,121 Southern Rhodesians of all races had served in the armed forces, 8,390 of them overseas, operating in the European theatre, the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre, East Africa, Burma and elsewhere. The territory's most important contribution to the war is commonly held to be its contribution to the Empire Air Training Scheme (EATS), under which 8,235 British, Commonwealth and Allied airmen were trained in Southern Rhodesian flight schools. The colony's operational casualties numbered 916 killed and 483 wounded of all races.
Southern Rhodesia had no diplomatic powers, but largely oversaw its own contributions of manpower and materiel to the war effort, being responsible for its own defence. Rhodesian officers and soldiers were distributed in small groups throughout the British and South African forces in an attempt to prevent high losses. Most of the colony's men served in Britain, East Africa and the Mediterranean, particularly at first; a more broad dispersal occurred from late 1942. Rhodesian servicemen in operational areas were mostly from the country's white minority, with the Rhodesian African Rifles—made up of black troops and white officers—providing the main exception in Burma from late 1944. Other non-white soldiers and white servicewomen served in East Africa and on the home front within Southern Rhodesia. Tens of thousands of black men were conscripted from rural communities for work, first on the aerodromes and later on white-owned farms.
World War II prompted major changes in Southern Rhodesia's financial and military policy, and accelerated the process of industrialisation. The territory's participation in the EATS brought about major economic and infrastructural developments and led to the post-war immigration of many former airmen, contributing to the growth of the white population to over double its pre-war size by 1951. The war remained prominent in the national consciousness for decades afterwards. Since the country's reconstitution as Zimbabwe in 1980, the modern government has removed many references to the World Wars, such as memorial monuments and plaques, from public view, regarding them as unwelcome vestiges of white minority rule and colonialism. Southern Rhodesia's dead of the war today have no official commemoration, either in Zimbabwe or overseas.
History of Western civilization | Wikipedia audio article
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History of Western civilization
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Western civilization traces its roots back to Europe and the Mediterranean. It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy. The civilizations of Classical Greece and Ancient Rome are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans, as well as some significant religious contributions derived from Judaism and Hellenistic Judaism stemming back to Second Temple Judea, Galilee, and the early Jewish diaspora; and some other Middle Eastern influences. Christianity and Roman Catholicism has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization, which throughout most of its history, has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture. (There were Christians outside of the West, such as China, India, Russia, Byzantium and the Middle East). Western civilization has spread to produce the dominant cultures of modern Americas and Oceania, and has had immense global influence in recent centuries in many ways.
Following the 5th century Fall of Rome, Western Europe entered the Middle Ages, during which period the Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left in the West by the fall of the Western Roman Empire, while the Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) endured in the East for centuries, becoming a Hellenic Eastern contrast to the Latin West. By the 12th century, Western Europe was experiencing a flowering of art and learning, propelled by the construction of cathedrals and the establishment of medieval universities. Christian unity was shattered by the Reformation from the 16th century. A merchant class grew out of city states, initially in the Italian peninsula (see Italian city-states), and Europe experienced the Renaissance from the 14th to the 17th century, heralding an age of technological and artistic advance and ushering in the Age of Discovery which saw the rise of such global European Empires as those of Spain and Portugal.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century. Under the influence of the Enlightenment, the Age of Revolution emerged from the United States and France as part of the transformation of the West into its industrialised, democratised modern form. The lands of North and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand became first part of European Empires and then home to new Western nations, while Africa and Asia were largely carved up between Western powers. Laboratories of Western democracy were founded in Britain's colonies in Australasia from the mid-19th centuries, while South America largely created new autocracies. In the 20th century, absolute monarchy disappeared from Europe, and despite episodes of Fascism and Communism, by the close of the century, virtually all of Europe was electing its leaders democratically. Most Western nations were heavily involved in the First and Second World Wars and protracted Cold War. World War II saw Fascism defeated in Europe, and the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival global powers and a new East-West political contrast.
Other than in Russia, the European Empires disintegrated after World War II and civil rights movements and widescale multi-ethnic, multi-faith migrations to Europe, the Americas and Oceania lowered the earlier predominance of ethnic Europeans in Western culture. European nations moved towards greater economic and political co-operation through the European Union. The Cold War ended around 1990 with the collapse of Soviet imposed Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In the 21st century, the Western World retains significant global economic power and influ ...
England | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:55 1 Toponymy
00:06:43 2 History
00:06:52 2.1 Prehistory and antiquity
00:11:39 2.2 Middle Ages
00:17:18 2.3 Early modern
00:22:57 2.4 Late modern and contemporary
00:27:36 3 Governance
00:27:45 3.1 Politics
00:30:52 3.2 Law
00:32:40 3.3 Regions, counties, and districts
00:36:16 4 Geography
00:36:25 4.1 Landscape and rivers
00:39:55 4.2 Climate
00:41:25 4.3 Major conurbations
00:42:39 5 Economy
00:48:18 5.1 Science and technology
00:51:24 5.2 Transport
00:54:44 6 Healthcare
00:56:55 7 Demography
00:57:04 7.1 Population
01:00:37 7.2 Language
01:03:41 7.3 Religion
01:08:03 8 Education
01:12:06 9 Culture
01:12:15 9.1 Architecture
01:15:15 9.2 Folklore
01:17:57 9.3 Cuisine
01:20:34 9.4 Visual arts
01:23:00 9.5 Literature, poetry, and philosophy
01:26:15 9.6 Performing arts
01:29:53 9.7 Cinema
01:32:38 9.8 Museums, libraries, and galleries
01:34:28 10 Sports
01:45:33 11 National symbols
01:48:28 12 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.8598710302989776
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west. The Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain, which lies in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands, such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law – the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world – developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation.England's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north (for example, the Lake District and Pennines) and in the west (for example, Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills). The capital is London, which has the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. England's population of over 55 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the South East, and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century.The Kingdom of England – which after 1535 included Wales – ceased being a separate sovereign state on 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union put into effect the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year, resulting in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland (through another Act of Union) to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Napoleon III | Wikipedia audio article
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Napoleon III
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Napoleon III (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870 and, as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, the President of France from 1848 to 1852. He was the only president of the French Second Republic and the founder of the Second French Empire.
The nephew and heir of Napoleon I, he was the first head of state of France to hold the title of president, the first elected by a direct popular vote and the youngest until the election of Emmanuel Macron in 2017. Barred by the Constitution and Parliament from running for a second term, he organized a self-coup d'état in 1851 and then took the throne as Napoleon III on 2 December 1852, the forty-eighth anniversary of his uncle's coronation. He remains the longest-serving French head of state since the French Revolution. His downfall was brought about by the Franco-Prussian War in which France was quickly and decisively defeated by the North German Confederation, led by Prussia.
During the first years of the Empire, Napoleon's government imposed censorship and harsh repressive measures against his opponents. Some six thousand were imprisoned or sent to penal colonies until 1859. Thousands more went into voluntary exile abroad, including Victor Hugo. From 1862 onwards, he relaxed government censorship and his regime came to be known as the Liberal Empire. Many of his opponents returned to France and became members of the National Assembly.Napoleon III commissioned the grand reconstruction of Paris, carried out by his prefect of the Seine, Baron Haussmann. He launched similar public works projects in Marseille, Lyon and other French cities. Napoleon III modernized the French banking system, greatly expanded and consolidated the French railway system and made the French merchant marine the second largest in the world. He promoted the building of the Suez Canal and established modern agriculture, which ended famines in France and made France an agricultural exporter. Napoleon III negotiated the 1860 Cobden–Chevalier free trade agreement with Britain and similar agreements with France's other European trading partners. Social reforms included giving French workers the right to strike and the right to organize. Women's education greatly expanded as did the list of required subjects in public schools.In foreign policy, Napoleon III aimed to reassert French influence in Europe and around the world. He was a supporter of popular sovereignty and of nationalism. In Europe, he allied with Britain and defeated Russia in the Crimean War (1853–56). His regime assisted Italian unification and in doing so annexed Savoy and the County of Nice to France—at the same time, his forces defended the Papal States against annexation by Italy. Napoleon doubled the area of the French overseas empire in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. His army's intervention in Mexico which aimed to create a Second Mexican Empire under French protection ended in failure.
From 1866, Napoleon had to face the mounting power of Prussia as Chancellor Otto von Bismarck sought German unification under Prussian leadership. In July 1870, Napoleon entered the Franco-Prussian War without allies and with inferior military forces. The French army was rapidly defeated and Napoleon III was captured at the Battle of Sedan. The Third Republic was proclaimed in Paris and Napoleon went into exile in England, where he died in 1873.
Cape Breton Island | Wikipedia audio article
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Cape Breton Island
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Cape Breton Island (French: île du Cap-Breton—formerly Île Royale; Scottish Gaelic: Ceap Breatainn or Eilean Cheap Breatainn; Mi'kmaq: Unama'kik; or simply Cape Breton) is an island on the Atlantic coast of North America and part of the province of Nova Scotia, Canada.The 10,311 km2 (3,981 sq mi) island accounts for 18.7% of Nova Scotia's total area. Although the island is physically separated from the Nova Scotia peninsula by the Strait of Canso, the 1,385 m (4,544 ft) long rock-fill Canso Causeway connects it to mainland Nova Scotia. The island is east-northeast of the mainland with its northern and western coasts fronting on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; its western coast also forms the eastern limits of the Northumberland Strait. The eastern and southern coasts front the Atlantic Ocean; its eastern coast also forms the western limits of the Cabot Strait. Its landmass slopes upward from south to north, culminating in the highlands of its northern cape. One of the world's larger salt water lakes, Bras d'Or (Arm of Gold in French), dominates the island's centre.
The island is divided into four of Nova Scotia's eighteen counties: Cape Breton, Inverness, Richmond, and Victoria. Their total population at the 2016 census numbered 132,010 Cape Bretoners; this is approximately 15% of the provincial population. Cape Breton Island has experienced a decline in population of approximately 2.9% since the 2011 census. Approximately 75% of the island's population is in the Cape Breton Regional Municipality (CBRM) which includes all of Cape Breton County and is often referred to as Industrial Cape Breton, given the history of coal mining and steel manufacturing in this area, which was Nova Scotia's industrial heartland throughout the 20th century.
The island has five reserves of the Mi'kmaq Nation: Eskasoni, Membertou, Wagmatcook, Waycobah, and Potlotek/Chapel Island. Eskasoni is the largest in both population and land area.
Wallis Simpson | Wikipedia audio article
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Wallis Simpson
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Wallis Simpson (born Bessie Wallis Warfield; 19 June 1896 – 24 April 1986), later known as the Duchess of Windsor, was an American socialite whose intended marriage to the British king Edward VIII caused a constitutional crisis that led to Edward's abdication.
Wallis grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. Her father died shortly after her birth and she and her widowed mother were partly supported by their wealthier relatives. Her first marriage, to U.S. naval officer Win Spencer, was punctuated by periods of separation and eventually ended in divorce. In 1931, during her second marriage, to Ernest Simpson, she met Edward, then Prince of Wales. Five years later, after Edward's accession as King of the United Kingdom, Wallis divorced her second husband to marry Edward.
The King's desire to marry a woman who had two living ex-husbands threatened to cause a constitutional crisis in the United Kingdom and the Dominions, and ultimately led to his abdication in December 1936 to marry the woman I love. After abdicating, the former king was created Duke of Windsor by his brother and successor, King George VI. Wallis married Edward six months later, after which she was formally known as the Duchess of Windsor, but was not allowed to share her husband's style of Royal Highness.
Before, during, and after the Second World War, the Duke and Duchess of Windsor were suspected by many in government and society of being Nazi sympathisers. In 1937, they visited Germany and met Adolf Hitler. In 1940, the Duke was appointed governor of the Bahamas, and the couple moved to the islands until he relinquished the office in 1945. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Duke and Duchess shuttled between Europe and the United States living a life of leisure as society celebrities. After the Duke's death in 1972, the Duchess lived in seclusion and was rarely seen in public. Her private life has been a source of much speculation, and she remains a controversial figure in British history.
Paterson, New Jersey | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Paterson, New Jersey
00:01:04 1 History
00:01:29 1.1 Establishment
00:03:22 1.2 Industrial growth
00:05:20 1.3 Athletics
00:06:38 1.4 Post-World War II era
00:09:35 2 Geography
00:11:08 2.1 Neighborhoods
00:22:17 2.2 Climate
00:22:41 3 Demographics
00:23:51 3.1 2010 Census
00:27:35 3.2 2000 Census
00:30:48 3.3 Ethnic groups
00:37:18 4 Economy
00:37:49 5 Arts and culture
00:40:23 6 Government
00:40:32 6.1 Local government
00:44:09 6.2 Federal, state and county representation
00:46:42 6.3 Politics
00:50:46 7 Emergency services
00:52:15 8 Transportation
00:52:24 8.1 Roads and highways
00:53:38 8.2 Public transportation
00:55:14 9 Education
00:58:06 10 Sister cities
00:58:38 10.1 Friendship
00:59:24 11 In popular culture
01:02:49 12 Notable people
01:20:35 13 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Paterson is the largest city in and the county seat of Passaic County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, its population was 146,199, rendering it New Jersey's third-most-populous city. Paterson has the second-highest density of any U.S. city with over 100,000 people, behind only New York City. For 2017, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 148,678, an increase of 1.7% from the 2010 enumeration, ranking the city as the 174th-most-populous in the nation.Paterson is known as the Silk City for its dominant role in silk production during the latter half of the 19th century. The city has since evolved into a major destination for Hispanic immigrants as well as for immigrants from India, South Asia, the Arab and Muslim world. Paterson has the second-largest Muslim population in the United States by percentage.
George V | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
George V
00:01:54 1 Early life and education
00:04:33 2 Marriage
00:06:55 3 Duke of York
00:09:22 4 Prince of Wales
00:13:05 5 King and emperor
00:15:47 5.1 National politics
00:18:49 5.2 First World War
00:23:49 5.3 Postwar reign
00:28:59 5.4 Declining health and death
00:33:28 6 Legacy
00:35:12 7 Titles, styles, honours and arms
00:35:23 7.1 Titles and styles
00:36:37 7.2 British honours
00:38:00 7.2.1 Military appointments
00:39:49 7.3 Foreign honours
00:41:28 7.3.1 Honorary foreign military appointments
00:42:02 7.4 Honorary degrees and offices
00:43:02 7.5 Arms
00:43:40 8 Issue
00:43:48 9 Ancestry
00:43:57 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 until his death in 1936.
Born during the reign of his grandmother Queen Victoria, George was third in the line of succession behind his father, the Prince of Wales, and his own elder brother, Prince Albert Victor. From 1877 to 1891, George served in the Royal Navy, until the unexpected death of his elder brother in early 1892 put him directly in line for the throne. On the death of his grandmother in 1901, George's father became King-Emperor of the British Empire as Edward VII, and George was created Prince of Wales. He became king-emperor on his father's death in 1910.
George V's reign saw the rise of socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, and the Indian independence movement, all of which radically changed the political landscape. The Parliament Act 1911 established the supremacy of the elected British House of Commons over the unelected House of Lords. As a result of the First World War (1914–1918), the empires of his first cousins Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany fell, while the British Empire expanded to its greatest effective extent. In 1917, George became the first monarch of the House of Windsor, which he renamed from the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as a result of anti-German public sentiment. In 1924 he appointed the first Labour ministry and in 1931 the Statute of Westminster recognised the dominions of the Empire as separate, independent states within the Commonwealth of Nations. He had smoking-related health problems throughout much of his later reign and at his death was succeeded by his eldest son, Edward VIII.
David Lloyd George | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:34 1 Upbringing and early life
00:07:01 2 Member of Parliament
00:08:01 2.1 Issues
00:09:39 2.2 Opposes Boer War
00:11:35 2.3 Opposes Education Act of 1902
00:12:27 3 President of the Board of Trade (1905–1908)
00:13:20 4 Chancellor of the Exchequer (1908–1915)
00:14:43 4.1 People's Budget, 1909
00:17:33 4.2 Mansion House Speech, 1911
00:18:33 4.3 Marconi scandal 1913
00:19:08 4.4 Welsh Church Act 1914
00:19:52 4.5 First World War
00:22:04 5 Minister of Munitions
00:24:54 6 Secretary of State for War
00:28:04 7 Prime Minister (1916–1922)
00:28:15 7.1 War leader (1916–1918)
00:28:26 7.1.1 Forming a government
00:31:01 7.1.2 Nivelle Affair
00:33:21 7.1.3 The U-Boat War
00:33:29 7.1.3.1 Shipping
00:35:35 7.1.3.2 Convoys
00:38:33 7.1.4 Russian Revolution
00:39:55 7.1.5 Imperial War Cabinet
00:40:40 7.1.6 Passchendaele
00:44:33 7.1.7 Supreme War Council
00:46:30 7.1.8 Manpower crisis and the unions
00:49:27 7.1.9 Strategic priorities
00:51:20 7.1.10 Home Front
00:52:49 7.1.11 Crises of 1918
00:55:53 7.2 Postwar Prime Minister (1918–1922)
00:56:29 7.2.1 Coupon election of 1918
00:58:53 7.2.2 Paris 1919
01:01:07 7.2.3 Postwar social reforms
01:02:54 7.2.4 Electoral changes: Suffragism
01:03:43 7.2.5 Wages for Workers
01:04:52 7.2.6 Health for the Heroes
01:06:17 7.2.7 What was the cost?
01:06:47 7.2.8 Ireland
01:08:21 7.2.9 Foreign policy crises
01:11:05 7.2.10 Domestic crises
01:12:11 7.2.11 Fall from power 1922
01:13:19 8 Later political career (1922–1945)
01:13:31 8.1 Liberal reunion
01:15:25 8.2 Liberal leader
01:19:48 8.3 Marginalised
01:20:35 8.4 Lloyd George's New Deal
01:21:22 8.5 Appeasement of Germany
01:23:00 8.6 Final years
01:25:01 8.7 Death
01:25:48 9 Assessment
01:28:19 10 Family
01:28:28 10.1 Margaret and children
01:29:28 10.2 Frances
01:30:19 10.3 Descendants
01:31:05 11 Lloyd George's Cabinets
01:31:15 11.1 War Cabinet
01:31:40 11.1.1 War Cabinet changes
01:32:44 11.1.2 Other members of Lloyd George's War Government
01:34:11 11.2 Peacetime Government, January 1919 – October 1922
01:36:00 11.2.1 Peacetime changes
01:38:24 12 Styles of address and honours
01:38:34 12.1 Styles of address
01:39:09 12.2 Peerage
01:39:26 12.3 Decorations
01:40:06 12.4 Academic
01:40:52 12.5 Freedoms
01:41:28 12.6 Namesakes
01:41:59 13 Cultural depictions
01:42:12 14 Selected works
01:43:14 15 See also
01:43:28 16 Notes
01:43:36 17 Citations
01:43:45 18 Bibliography
01:43:54 18.1 Biographical
01:47:09 18.2 Specialized studies
02:03:40 18.3 Primary sources
02:05:05 19 Further reading
02:07:14 20 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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Speaking Rate: 0.8788180161201735
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was a British statesman and Liberal Party politician. He was the last Liberal to serve as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
As Chancellor of the Exchequer (1908–1915) during H. H. Asquith's tenure as Prime Minister, Lloyd George was a key figure in the introduction of many reforms which laid the foundations of the modern welfare state. His most important role came as the highly energetic Prime Minister of the Wartime Coalition Government (1916–22), during and immediately after the First World War. He was a major player at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 that reordered Europe after the defeat of the Central Powers. Although he remained Prime Minister after the 1918 general election, the Conservatives were the largest party in the coalition, with the Liberals split between those loyal to Lloyd George, and those still supporting Asquith. He became the leader of the Liberal Party in the late 1920s, but it grew even smaller and more divided. By the 1930s he was a marginalised and widely mistrusted figure. He gave weak support to the war effort during the Secon ...
Timeline of New Zealand history | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of New Zealand history
00:00:12 1 Prehistory (to 1000 CE)
00:01:16 2 Pre-colonial time (1000 to 1839)
00:01:28 2.1 1000 to 1600
00:02:32 2.2 17th century
00:03:31 2.3 18th century
00:05:40 2.4 Early 19th century; 1801–1839
00:10:27 3 Colony and self-government (1840 to 1946)
00:10:39 3.1 1840s
00:13:19 3.2 1850s
00:15:05 3.3 1860s
00:18:20 3.4 1870s
00:20:33 3.5 1880s
00:22:59 3.6 1890s
00:25:23 3.7 1900s
00:27:51 3.8 1910s
00:30:46 3.9 1920s
00:32:32 3.10 1930s
00:35:29 3.11 1940 to 1946
00:39:21 4 Full independence (1947 to 1983)
00:39:33 4.1 1947 to 1949
00:40:57 4.2 1950s
00:43:36 4.3 1960s
00:46:16 4.4 1970s
00:50:07 4.5 1980s
00:51:08 5 Restructuring (1984 to date)
00:51:19 5.1 1984 to 1989
00:55:18 5.2 1990s
01:00:56 5.3 2000s
01:04:35 5.4 2010s
01:07:14 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This is a timeline of the history of New Zealand that includes only events deemed to be of principal importance – for less important events click the year heading or refer to List of years in New Zealand.
AIR Dibrugarh Online Radio Live Stream
ALL INDIA RADIO: DIBRUGARH
PROGRAMME SCHEDULE: FOR 23-01-2020 THURSDAY
M.W 529.1m/KHz.567 F.M. 101.30 MHz
TRANSMISSION I (05.28 AM to 9.35 AM)
5.28 AIR Signature Tune:
5.30 Vandemataram/Opening Announcement Mangal Badya
5.35 Bhaktigeeti: 1.Artist: Loni Bora (Borgeet-Shankardev) 2. Artist: Reeta Saikia & Pty (Diha Naam) 3. Artist: Upen Das (Lokageet) 4. Artist: Sanatan Gowala & Pty (Dehbichargeet), 5.Artist: Lakshmi Saikia (Bhajan-Tulsi Das)
6.00 News in Hindi:
6.05 Gandhi Chinta & Programme Summary
6.10 Swasthya Charcha: Interview on “Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome” With Dr. Pranay Phukan Part: VI
6.15 Teachers Broadcast
6.30 Borgeet: Artist:
6.45 Folk Music: (Diha Naam) Artist: Binu Gogoi & Pty.
7.05 News in Assamese
7.15 “Ajir Dinto”/(Morning Information Service)
7.30 GEETANJALI: 1. Artist: Hasina Hazarika Lyc: Dwijen Konwar, Tumi Asila… 2. Artist: Hasna Begum Lyc: Jodu Borpujari, Jhir Jhir… 3. Artist: Hangma Limboo Lyc: Jayantajit Das, Duror Akash……4. Artist: Heera Das Lyc: Hemanta Goswami, Sudur Megh… 5. Artist: Haragovinda Deka Lyc: Bhabesh Bhuyan, Kunwoli Dhakile…
7.55 Commercial Spot:
8.00 Samachar Prabhat:
8.15 Morning News:
8.30 North East News Bulletin in English:
8.35 “SURAR PANCHOI” (Composite) Assamese Film Songs/
8.50 Puwar Anchalik Batori:
9.00 Jilar Rehrup:
9.05 “ANTARA” (Composite) Hindi Film Songs/
9.35 Close Down.
TRANSMISSION II (11.28 AM to 3.30 PM)
11.58 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
12.00 News in English
12.05 Bhajan: Artist: Gopa Goswami Baruah
12.15 Folk Music: (Gosai Naam) Artist: Jogeswari Goswami & Pty
12.30 GHARJEUTI (Women’s Programme) Swa Nirbharsil Mahilar sote sakshatkar.
1.00 News in English
1.05 News in Hindi
1.10 Troops Programme
1.40 News in Assamese
1.50 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Jyotish Bhattacharya
2.00 Singpho Songs
2.10 Vrindagaan:
2.15 Dopahar Samachar
2.30 Western Music:
3.00 Close Down.
TRANSMISSION III (3.28 PM to 10.30 PM)
3.28 AIR Signature Tune/Opening Announcement
3.30 Mishing Geet: Artist: Loson Kr. Pegu.
3.45 Programme in Mijumishimi
4.05 Programme in Khampti
4.25 Programme in Wanchoo
4.45 News in Hindi
4.55 News in English
5.00 Programme in Idu
5.20 Programme in Tangsa
5.40 Programme in Nocte
6.00 Anchalik Batori
6.05 Programme Summery
6.10 Vrindagaan:
6.15 LAKHIMI: (Gaya Mahilar Anusthan) Interview on “Asomot Mahila Udyugir Babe Subidha Aru Sambhabaniyata” With Dr. Minti Gogoi
6.45 Sandhiyar Anchalik Batori
6.55 Aajir Prasanga
7.00 News in Hindi
7.05 News in Assamese
7.15 YUVABANI : (Youth Programme) Tore More Alokare Yatra Featuring on Duliajan College
7.45 Adhunik Geet: Artist: Jyotish Bhattacharya
8.00 Time & Meter Reading: Sponsored Programme: GYANMALINI : Dibrugarh University.
8.30 Ghazal, Artist: Pankaj Udhas
8.40 Programme Highlight
8.42 Commercial Spot:
8.45 Samachar Sandhya:
9.00 News at Nine:
9.15 Commercial Spot:
9.16 Bare Rahania: (Parody) Artist: Izzat Singh
9.25 Nichar Anchalik Batori:
9.30 National Prog. Of Play-Regional Version
10.00 Classical Music: (Shehnai) Artist: Ud. Ali Ahmed Hussain & Pty Rag: Kalawati
10.30 Close Down.