Child marriage | Wikipedia audio article
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Child marriage
00:02:19 1 History
00:04:02 1.1 Religion
00:06:49 2 Effects on each gender
00:06:58 2.1 Boys
00:07:29 2.2 Girls
00:08:04 3 Causes of child marriage
00:08:42 3.1 Dowry and brideprice
00:09:57 3.2 Persecution, forced migration, and slavery
00:11:13 3.3 Fear, poverty, social pressures and sense of protection
00:13:44 3.4 Religion, culture and civil law
00:17:55 3.5 Marriageable age in religious sources
00:18:06 3.5.1 Catholic Church
00:18:19 3.5.2 Islam
00:20:33 3.5.3 Hinduism
00:21:08 3.6 Politics and financial relationships
00:21:48 4 Effects of child marriage on global regions
00:22:38 4.1 Africa
00:28:43 4.2 Americas
00:29:52 4.2.1 Canada
00:30:44 4.2.2 United States
00:34:06 4.3 Asia
00:34:41 4.3.1 Western Asia
00:38:23 4.3.2 Southeast Asia
00:38:41 4.3.2.1 Indonesia
00:39:44 4.3.2.2 Malaysia
00:43:45 4.3.3 Bangladesh
00:44:52 4.3.4 India
00:48:54 4.3.5 Nepal
00:49:33 4.3.6 Pakistan
00:51:06 4.3.7 Iran
00:52:36 4.4 Europe
00:52:44 4.4.1 General
00:53:23 4.4.2 European Union
00:54:04 4.4.3 Scandinavia
00:55:06 4.4.4 Balkans/Eastern Europe
00:56:03 4.4.5 Belgium
00:56:31 4.4.6 Germany
00:57:00 4.4.7 Netherlands
00:57:37 4.4.8 Russia
00:58:40 4.4.9 United Kingdom
01:00:06 4.5 Oceania
01:01:57 5 Consequences of child marriage
01:02:43 5.1 Health
01:04:37 5.2 Illiteracy and poverty
01:06:02 5.3 Domestic violence
01:07:49 5.4 Women's rights
01:08:41 5.5 Development
01:09:48 6 International initiatives to prevent child marriage
01:13:10 6.1 Tipping point analysis
01:13:49 7 Prevalence data
01:14:29 8 See also
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SUMMARY
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Child marriage is a formal marriage or informal union entered into by an individual before reaching a certain age, specified by several global organizations such as UNICEF as minors under the age of 18. The legally prescribed marriageable age in some jurisdictions is below 18 years, especially in the case of girls; and even when the age is set at 18 years, many jurisdictions permit earlier marriage with parental consent or in special circumstances, such as teenage pregnancy. In certain countries, even when the legal marriage age is 18, cultural traditions take priority over legislative law. Child marriage violates the rights of children; it affects both boys and girls, but it is more common among girls. Child marriage has widespread and long term consequences for child brides and grooms. According to several UN agencies, comprehensive sexuality education can prevent such a phenomenon.Child marriage is related to child betrothal, and it includes civil cohabitation and court approved early marriages after teenage pregnancy. In many cases, only one marriage-partner is a child, usually the female. Causes of child marriages include poverty, bride price, dowry, cultural traditions, laws that allow child marriages, religious and social pressures, regional customs, fear of remaining unmarried, illiteracy, and perceived inability of women to work for money.Child marriages were common throughout history for a variety of reasons including poverty, insecurity, as well as for political and financial reasons. Today, child marriage is still fairly widespread, particularly in developing countries, such as parts of Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, West Asia, Latin America, and Oceania. However, even in developed countries such as the United States legal exceptions mean that 25 US states have no minimum age requirement. The incidence of child marriage has been falling in most parts of the world. The countries with the highest observed rates of child marriages below the age of 18 are Niger, Chad, Mali, Bangladesh, Guinea and the Central African Republic, with a rate above 60%. Niger, Chad, Bangladesh, Mali and Ethiopia were the countries with child marriage rates greater than 20% below the age of 15, according to 2003–2009 surveys.