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Irish War of Independence | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:



00:04:41 1 Origins of the conflict
00:04:51 1.1 Home Rule Crisis
00:06:48 1.2 Easter Rising
00:07:51 1.3 First Dáil
00:09:37 2 Forces
00:09:46 2.1 British
00:11:56 2.2 Irish republican
00:13:59 3 Course of the war
00:14:09 3.1 Pre-war violence
00:15:49 3.2 Initial hostilities
00:18:04 3.3 Violence spreads
00:19:49 3.4 Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) as special target
00:22:45 3.5 Collapse of the British administration
00:26:48 3.6 IRA organisation and operations
00:30:13 3.7 Martial law
00:33:12 3.8 Escalation: October–December 1920
00:36:03 3.9 Peak of violence: December 1920 – July 1921
00:41:45 4 Truce: July–December 1921
00:46:56 5 Treaty
00:51:17 6 North-east
00:52:14 6.1 Summer 1920
00:55:10 6.2 Spring 1921
00:57:07 6.3 July 1921 – May 1922
01:00:15 6.4 May–June 1922
01:03:09 7 Detention
01:04:24 8 Propaganda war
01:07:49 9 Casualties
01:10:42 10 Post-war evacuation of British forces
01:12:05 11 Compensation
01:13:24 12 Role of women in the war
01:16:09 13 Memorial
01:16:51 14 Cultural depictions
01:17:01 14.1 Literature
01:17:35 14.2 Television and film



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SUMMARY
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The Irish War of Independence (Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) or Anglo-Irish War was a guerrilla war fought in Ireland from 1919 to 1921 between the Irish Republican Army (IRA, the army of the Irish Republic) and British forces: the British Army, along with the quasi-military Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) and its paramilitary forces the Auxiliaries and Ulster Special Constabulary (USC). It was an escalation of the Irish revolutionary period into warfare.
In April 1916, Irish republicans launched the Easter Rising against British rule and proclaimed an Irish Republic. Although it was crushed after a week of fighting, the Easter Rising and the British response led to greater popular support for Irish independence. In the December 1918 election, the republican party Sinn Féin won a landslide victory in Ireland. On 21 January 1919 they formed a breakaway government (Dáil Éireann) and declared Irish independence. That day, two RIC officers were shot dead in the Soloheadbeg ambush by IRA volunteers acting on their own initiative. The conflict developed gradually. For much of 1919, IRA activity involved capturing weaponry and freeing republican prisoners, while the Dáil set about building a state. In September, the British government outlawed the Dáil and Sinn Féin and the conflict intensified. The IRA began ambushing RIC and British Army patrols, attacking their barracks and forcing isolated barracks to be abandoned. The British government bolstered the RIC with recruits from Britain—the Black and Tans and Auxiliaries—who became notorious for ill-discipline and reprisal attacks on civilians, some of which were authorized by the British government. Thus the conflict is sometimes called the Black and Tan War. The conflict also involved civil disobedience, notably the refusal of Irish railwaymen to transport British forces or military supplies.
In mid-1920, republicans won control of most county councils, and British authority collapsed in most of the south and west, forcing the British government to introduce emergency powers. About 300 people had been killed by late 1920, but the conflict escalated in November. On Bloody Sunday in Dublin, 21 November 1920, fourteen British intelligence operatives were assassinated in the morning; then in the afternoon the RIC opened fire on a crowd at a Gaelic football match, killing fourteen civilians and wounding 65. A week later, seventeen Auxiliaries were killed by the IRA in the Kilmichael Ambush in County Cork. The British government declared martial law in much of southern Ireland. The centre of Cork city was burnt out by British forces in December 1920. Vi ...