Ancient Hampi I Vijayanagar Empire I Exploring History I History Lover I Travel Vlog
Exploring Ancient Hampi
Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India. It became the centre of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th century, state Hampi was a prosperous, wealthy and grand city near the Tungabhadra River, with numerous temples, farms and trading markets. By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal. The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of Muslim sultanates; its capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by sultanate armies in 1565, after which Hampi remained in ruins.
Emperor Ashoka's Rock Edicts in Nittur and Udegolan—both in Bellary district 269-232 BCE—suggest this region was part of the Maurya Empire during the 3rd century BCE. A Brahmi inscription and a terracotta seal dating to about the 2nd century CE have been found during site excavations. The armies of the Delhi Sultanate, particularly those of Alauddin Khalji and Muhammad bin Tughlaq, invaded and pillaged South India. The Hoysala Empire and its capital Dvarasamudra in south Karnataka was plundered and destroyed in the early 14th century by the armies of Alauddin Khalji.
While prosperous and in infrastructure, the Muslim-Hindu wars between Muslim Sultanates and Vijayanagara Empire continued. In 1565, at the Battle of Talikota, a coalition of Muslim sultanates entered into a war with the Vijayanagara Empire, They captured and beheaded the king. followed by a massive destruction of the infrastructure fabric of Hampi and the metropolitan Vijayanagara. The city was pillaged, looted and burnt for six months after the war, then abandoned as ruins, which are now called the Group of Monuments at Hampi.
Aerial View Of Etowah Indian Mounds, Georgia
Let’s take a look at the aerial view of Etowah Mounds in Georgia. You are looking at the tallest mound which is 63 feet tall, taller than a 6 story building and covers more than 3 acres of land. I like to call this the great pyramid of Georgia because it does resemble many of the Mayan Pyramids with a flat top. Archaeologists guesstimate that this was built about a 1000 years ago. But they have also found pottery from 200 B.C to 600 A.D, which means that this site can even be more than 2000 years old.
In a minute, you’ll see other mounds as well because this site stretches over 54 acres . You can see the modern stairway, but even before that, the mound builders had built a solid stairway some of which is still underneath what you see. And this is the panoramic view that the mound builders could see from up top. There are three small mounds, but you can’t see them because they have been nearly plowed down. At the top, there is a large flat area, it was obviously used for some valuable purpose but nobody knows what it was used for.
To the left, you can see a ramp, in the shape of a giant Z, I will explain this in a minute. You can see a smaller rectangular mound which is 10 feet tall and now to the left you can see another circular mound which is 25 feet tall.
My quadcopter has to fly about 600 feet to cover all the three mounds in one frame.
And flying about a thousand feet above the ground, you can see the river on the left. Almost all the mounds in the U.S are built near rivers or at least creeks. This is the Z shaped ramp I was talking about. They might have created this to move heavy material to the top of the pyramid. This is the most practical, logical way to think about this. I actually walked up on this ramp. Large buildings could have been built on top of the mound and the ramp would have been crucial for that. In 2005, experts used magnetometers and announced that a total of 140 buildings existed on the site. This means that they could detect walls of baked bricks and magnetic stones such as basalt and granite. And you can see the staging area in the middle which is large enough to turn an object and move in the opposite direction.
So, what is so mysterious about the Etowah Mounds? Everything actually, we don’t know who built them, why or when. On top of that, giant skeletons were found right under the mounds confirming that giant mound builders built these fabulous structures. The artifacts found here are also very mysterious - Bird Men, figures with horns and unusually large teeth.
Here is the moat that was created around the mounds, possibly for protection. Very large, and not built as a circle but meanders around like a snake.
There you can see the mounds and the moat goes all around, just like a medieval castle. And you can see that there is no moat, right in front of the temple mound. Perfect way to regulate traffic. This moat is about 8 feet deep and they probably even used boats, because canoes have been found .
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Mohenjo-daro Archaeological Ruins
Flourished between 2,500 till 1,500 BC, Mohenjo-daro is one of the largest settlements of the ancient Indus Valley civilization, in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Exists in the same period of time as the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Minoan Crete, and Norte Chico. Rich in customs, art, religion and administrative abilities and with remarkably sophisticated civil engineering and urban planning.
THIRUMALAI DRAVIDIAN JAIN TEMPLE & CAVES 2000 YEARS OLD- Part 4
2400YRS OLD MUD Statue at Thirumalai , near Arni in Tamilnadu.
Belonging to old Dravidian jain culture of Tamils. This temple is chamatkari and there is a 18 feet tall Neminath idol in hill cave. People who visit this place are blessed by good luck, as much as going to Thirumala Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh. Both the temple have similar features.
This featured temple in Video is located 17 kms from Arni in Thiruvanmalai district of Tamilnadu . unfotunately most Tamil jains have migrated from this small town , but there is one school which is run by Swami Dhawal Keerthiji.
Idols here can be compared with most converted Dravidian jain temples to Hindu temples. Also n-ude idols of Thirthankara and script has similarity with Indus valley civilization's features. Dravidian history has been rewritten by winners in this country. Atleast this one got saved from being converted unlike Thirumala, Meenakshi, Varadaperumal and hundreds other in kanchipuram and other parts of Tamilnadu and south India.watch part-4
Buddhist Stupa ruins at Bairat, Jaipur India
Ruins of the Bijak-ki-pahadi, a Buddhist Chaitya (chapel) from the 3rd century BCE at Bairat, Viratnagar, a town in northern Jaipur district of Rajasthan, India
Hampi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hampi
00:01:42 1 Location
00:02:34 2 Texts and history
00:04:46 2.1 Ancient to 14th century CE
00:06:16 2.2 14th century and after
00:09:26 2.3 Archaeological site
00:11:48 3 Description
00:14:04 3.1 Hindu monuments
00:14:12 3.1.1 Virupaksha temple and market complex
00:17:46 3.1.2 Krishna temple, market, Narasimha and linga
00:20:08 3.1.3 Achyutaraya temple and market complex
00:21:31 3.1.4 Vitthala temple and market complex
00:24:23 3.1.5 Hemakuta hill monuments
00:27:42 3.1.6 Hazara Rama temple
00:29:27 3.1.7 Kodandarama temple and riverside monuments
00:30:34 3.1.8 Pattabhirama temple complex
00:31:44 3.1.9 Mahanavami platform, public square complex
00:33:28 3.1.10 Water infrastructure
00:35:37 3.1.11 Fountains and community kitchen
00:36:14 3.1.12 Elephant stables and Zenana enclosure
00:37:55 3.1.13 Other Hindu temples and monuments
00:40:00 3.2 Jain monuments
00:40:23 3.2.1 Ganagitti temple complex
00:41:10 3.2.2 Other Jain temples and monuments
00:41:49 3.3 Muslim monuments
00:42:30 3.3.1 Ahmad Khan mosque and tomb
00:43:11 4 Reception
00:45:16 5 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India. It became the centre of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th century. Chronicles left by Persian and European travellers, particularly the Portuguese, state Hampi was a prosperous, wealthy and grand city near the Tungabhadra River, with numerous temples, farms and trading markets. By 1500 CE, Hampi-Vijayanagara was the world's second-largest medieval-era city after Beijing, and probably India's richest at that time, attracting traders from Persia and Portugal. The Vijayanagara Empire was defeated by a coalition of Muslim sultanates; its capital was conquered, pillaged and destroyed by sultanate armies in 1565, after which Hampi remained in ruins.Located in Karnataka near the modern-era city of Hosapete, Hampi's ruins are spread over 4,100 hectares (16 sq mi) and it has been described by UNESCO as an austere, grandiose site of more than 1,600 surviving remains of the last great Hindu kingdom in South India that includes forts, riverside features, royal and sacred complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas, memorial structures, water structures and others. Hampi predates the Vijayanagara Empire; there is evidence of Ashokan epigraphy, and it is mentioned in the Ramayana and the Puranas of Hinduism as Pampaa Devi Tirtha Kshetra. Hampi continues to be an important religious centre, housing the Virupaksha Temple, an active Adi Shankara-linked monastery and various monuments belonging to the old city.
The Aryans (History & Civilization)
The word Aryan used by Hinduism and Zoroastrianism and originated from ancient text of Rig Veda and also Avesta
India-
In Sanskrit and related Indic languages, Aryan refers to one who does Noble deeds for civilization. Āryāvarta (Sanskrit: आर्यावर्त, abode of the Aryans) is a name for Northern India in classical Sanskrit literature. The Manu Smriti gives the name to the tract between the Himalaya and the Vindhya ranges, from the eastern to the Western Sea
The title of Aryan was used with various modifications throughout the Indian Subcontinent. Kharavela, the Emperor of Kalinga around 1 BCE is referred as an Aryan in the Hatigumpha inscriptions of the Khandagiri--Udaigiri cave complex in Bhubaneswar, Orissa. The Gurjara Pratihara rulers in the tenth century was entitled as Maharajadhiraja of Āryāvarta ('the lord of great kings of the land of the Aryans').
Various Indian religions, chiefly Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism use the term Aryan as an epithet of honor and it occurs as such in their religious texts and groups such as the Arya Samaj.
In the Ramayana and Mahabharata, Aryan is used as an honorific for many characters including Hanuman and Ravana.
Iranian/ Old Persia-
the Old Iranian term has solely an ethnic meaning.
That is in contrast to Indian usage, in which several secondary meanings evolved, the meaning of ar- as a self-identifier is preserved in Iranian usage, hence the words Iran/Iranian themselves.
Iranian airya meant and means Iranian, and Iranian anairya meant and means Un-Iranian.Arya may also be found as an ethnonym in newer Iranian languages, e.g., Alan/Persian Iran and Ossetian Ir/Iron
The name Iran, Iranian is itself equivalent to Aryan, where Iran means land of the Aryans, and has been in use since Sassanid times
European connection (Balkan countries)-
Graeco-Aryan (or Greco-Aryan) refers to a hypothesis that the Greek.
Greek,Bulgarian,Serbian language,old culture,civilization and the Indo-Iranic family languages,civilizations share a common history
Egyptian connection-
The Great Pharaohs of Egypt had originated from Caucasus and considered to be has Aryan community
NOTE: This video does not belong to me.
The video is uploaded only for educational purposes, thus no copyright infringement is intended.
Ancient City of Sigiriya, Sri Lanka in 4K (Ultra HD)
Sigiriya (Lion Rock) is famous for its palace ruins on top of a massive 200 meter high rock surrounded by the remains of an extensive network of gardens, reservoirs and other structures. The rock itself is a lava plug left over from an ancient long extinct volcano. (quote from Wikitravel.com). The complex around the rock and on the summit was built in the 5th century, to serve as a capital, but soon after that Anuradhapura was restored as Sri Lanka's capital and Sigiriya was used as Buddhist monastery until the 14th century. Sigiriya is inscribed as UNESCO World Heritage site, it is the most visited place in Sri Lanka.
In the second part of the video you will see another impressive rock in the vicinity - Pidurangala - and views from its top to Sigirija.
Recorded January 2016 in 4K (Ultra HD) with Sony AX100.
Music:
Hans Christian & Harry Manx - You are the Music of my Silence - 08 - Lovely Lament
Licensed via ilicensemusic.com
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Women of Uttarakhand play substantial roles in farming, India
Uttarakhand formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of the Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is mainly known for its natural beauty of the Himalayas, the Bhabhar and the Terai. On 9 November 2000, this 27th state of the Republic of India was carved out of the Himalayan and adjoining northwestern districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region on the north; the Mahakali Zone of the Far-Western Region, Nepal on the east; and the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the northwest. The state is divided into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a total of 13 districts. The provisional capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, the largest city in the region, which is a rail-head. The high court of the state is in Nainital.
Two of the most important rivers in Hinduism originate in the region, the Ganga at Gangotri and the Yamuna at Yamunotri. These two along with Badrinath and Kedarnath form the Chota Char Dham, a holy pilgrimage for the Hindus. The state hosts the Bengal tiger in Jim Corbett National Park, the oldest national park of the Indian subcontinent. The Valley of Flowers, a Unesco World Heritage Site located here, is known for the variety and rarity of the flowers and plants found there. Ancient rock paintings, rock shelters, Paleolithic stone tools (hundreds of thousands of years old), and megaliths provide evidence that the mountains of the region have been inhabited since prehistoric times. There are also archaeological remains which show the existence of early Vedic (c. 1500 BCE) practices in the area. The Pauravas, Kushanas, Kunindas, Guptas, Gurjara-Pratihara, Katyuris, Raikas, Palas, Chands, Parmars or Panwars, Sikhs, and the British have ruled Uttarakhand in turns.
The native people of Uttarakhand are generally called either Garhwali or Kumaoni depending on their place of origin in either the Kumaon or Garhwal region. Uttarakhand has a multiethnic population spread across two geocultural regions: the Gahrwal, and the Kumaon. A large portion of the population is Rajput including members of the native Garhwali, Gujjar, and Kumaoni communities, as well as a number of immigrants. Approximately one-fifth of the population belongs to the Scheduled Castes. Scheduled Tribes such as the Raji, who live near the border with Nepal, constitute less than 5 percent of the population. More than four-fifths of Uttarakhand's residents are Hindus. According to a 2007 study, Uttarakhand has the highest percentage of Brahmins of any state in India, with approximately 20% of the population being Brahmin. Muslims, Sikhs, Christians, Buddhists, and Jains make up the remaining population with the Muslims being the largest minority.
The Garhwali and Kumaoni dialects of Central Pahari are spoken in Kumaon and Garhwal regions, respectively. Jaunsari and Bhotiya dialects are spoken by tribal communities in the west and north, respectively. The urban population, however, converses mostly in Hindi, which is an official language of the state. Uttarakhand is the only Indian state to give official language status to Sanskrit.
Like most of India, agriculture is one of the most significant sectors of the economy of Uttarakhand. Basmati rice, wheat, soybeans, groundnuts, coarse cereals, pulses, and oil seeds are the most widely grown crops. Fruits like apples, oranges, pears, peaches, litchis, and plums are widely grown and important to the large food processing industry. Agricultural export zones have been set up in the state for leechi, horticulture, herbs, medicinal plants, and basmati rice.
Source: Wikipedia
This footage is part of the professionally-shot broadcast stock footage archive of Wilderness Films India Ltd., the largest collection of HD imagery from South Asia. The Wilderness Films India collection comprises of tens of thousands of hours of high quality broadcast imagery, mostly shot on HDCAM 1080i High Definition, HDV and XDCAM. Write to us for licensing this footage on a broadcast format, for use in your production! We are happy to be commissioned to film for you or else provide you with broadcast crewing and production solutions across South Asia. We pride ourselves in bringing the best of India and South Asia to the world... Reach us at wfi @ vsnl.com and admin@wildfilmsindia.com.
Mosque | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mosque
00:00:46 1 Etymology
00:01:29 2 History
00:03:03 2.1 Diffusion and evolution
00:08:09 2.2 Conversion of non-Muslim places of worship
00:09:52 3 Religious functions
00:10:14 3.1 Prayers
00:11:07 3.2 Ramadan
00:13:33 3.3 Charity
00:14:08 3.4 Frequency of attendance
00:15:20 4 Contemporary civic roles
00:16:08 4.1 Advocacy
00:17:10 4.2 Social conflict
00:19:08 4.3 Saudi influence
00:20:34 4.4 Political controversy
00:21:15 5 Architecture
00:21:24 5.1 Styles
00:24:57 5.2 Minarets
00:27:11 5.3 Mihrab
00:27:48 5.4 Domes
00:28:28 5.5 Prayer hall
00:30:34 5.6 Ablution facilities
00:31:17 5.7 Contemporary features
00:31:40 5.8 Symbols
00:32:15 6 Rules and etiquette
00:32:44 6.1 Prayer leader (Imam)
00:34:19 6.2 Cleanliness
00:35:07 6.3 Dress
00:35:45 6.4 Concentration
00:36:37 6.5 Gender separation
00:38:32 6.6 Non-Muslims in mosques
00:42:39 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A mosque (; from Arabic: مَـسْـجِـد, translit. masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims. There are strict and detailed requirements in Sunni jurisprudence (Arabic: فِـقْـه, fiqh) for a place of worship to be considered a mosque, with places that do not meet these requirements regarded as musallas. There are stringent restrictions on the uses of the area formally demarcated as the mosque (which is often a small portion of the larger complex), and in the Islamic Sharī‘ah (Arabic: شَـرِيْـعَـة, Law), after an area is formally designated as a mosque, it remains so until the Last Day.Many mosques have elaborate domes, minarets, and prayer halls, in varying styles of architecture. Mosques originated on the Arabian Peninsula, but are now found in all inhabited continents.
Chapter 2 Lecture Ancient India
History of South India | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of South India
00:01:15 1 Prehistory
00:01:59 2 Iron Age
00:02:29 3 Ancient history
00:03:04 3.1 Pandyan Dynasty
00:04:55 3.2 Chola Dynasty - Empire
00:06:41 3.3 Chera Dynasty
00:07:47 3.4 Satavahana Dynasty
00:09:28 3.5 Pallava Dynasty
00:10:30 3.6 Kadambas of Banavasi
00:11:24 3.7 Gangas of Talkad
00:12:30 3.8 Chalukya Dynasty
00:13:50 3.9 Rashtrakuta Empire
00:14:45 3.10 Western Chalukya Empire
00:15:41 3.11 Hoysala Dynasty
00:17:11 3.12 Kakatiyas
00:18:16 3.13 Musunuri
00:18:50 3.14 Reddy Dynasty
00:20:42 4 Medieval history of South India
00:20:52 4.1 Rise of Islam
00:21:56 4.2 Vijayanagara Empire
00:28:02 4.3 Nayak kingdoms
00:30:30 4.4 Maratha Empire
00:33:03 5 Modern history
00:33:12 5.1 Colonial period
00:34:18 5.2 British South India
00:35:24 5.3 After independence
00:37:56 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the southern part of India covers a span of over four thousand years during which the region saw the rise and fall of a number of dynasties and empires. The period of known history of the region begins with the Iron age (1200 BCE to 24 BCE) period until the 14th century CE. Dynasties of Satavahana, Chola, Chera, Chalukya, Pallava, Rashtrakuta, Kakatiya and Hoysala were at their peak during various periods of history. These Dynasties constantly fought amongst each other and against external forces when Muslim armies invaded south India. Vijayanagara empire rose in response to the Muslim intervention and covered the most of south India and acted as a bulwark against Mughal expansion into the south. When the European powers arrived during the 16th century CE, the southern kingdoms resisted the new threats, and many parts eventually succumbed to British occupation. The British created the Madras Presidency which covered most of south India directly administered by the British Raj, and divided the rest into a number of dependent princely states. After Indian independence South India was linguistically divided into the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Dravidian architecture | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Dravidian architecture
00:01:01 1 History
00:02:45 1.1 Composition and structure
00:03:42 2 Influence from different periods
00:03:59 2.1 Sangam period
00:05:15 2.2 Badami Chalukyas
00:06:26 2.3 Pallavas
00:09:10 2.4 Rashtrakutas
00:10:32 2.5 Western Chalukyas
00:12:09 2.6 Pandya
00:12:54 2.7 Cholas
00:18:45 2.8 Hoysalas
00:19:50 2.9 Vijayanagara
00:22:05 2.10 Kerala
00:22:48 2.11 Jaffna
00:23:12 3 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Dravidian architecture is an architectural idiom in Hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent or South India, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. It consists primarily of Hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse; large temples have several. Mentioned as one of three styles of temple building in the ancient book Vastu shastra, the majority of the existing structures are located in the Southern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana. Various kingdoms and empires such as the Cholas, the Chera, the Kakatiyas, the Pandyas, the Pallavas, the Gangas, the Rashtrakutas, the Chalukyas, the Hoysalas, and Vijayanagara Empire among others have made substantial contribution to the evolution of Dravidian architecture. This style of architecture can also be found in parts of North India (Teli ka Mandir Gwalior, Bhitargaon Baitala Deula, Bhubaneshwar), Northeastern and central Sri Lanka.
Intel | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:27 1 Current operations
00:02:36 1.1 Operating segments
00:03:45 1.2 Top customers
00:04:07 1.3 Market share
00:04:15 1.3.1 Market share in early 2011
00:04:48 1.3.2 Historical market share
00:05:22 1.3.3 Major competitors
00:07:00 2 Corporate history
00:07:09 2.1 Origins
00:08:51 2.2 Early history
00:12:34 2.3 Slowing demand and challenges to dominance in 2000
00:13:20 2.4 Litigation
00:14:24 2.5 Regaining of momentum (2005–2007)
00:15:18 2.6 Sale of XScale processor business (2006)
00:15:57 2.7 Acquisitions and investments (2010–present)
00:20:48 2.7.1 Acquisition table (2009–present)
00:20:58 2.7.2 Expansions (2008–2011)
00:22:04 2.7.3 Opening up the foundries to other manufacturers (2013)
00:24:00 3 Product and market history
00:24:09 3.1 SRAMS and the microprocessor
00:25:08 3.2 From DRAM to microprocessors
00:26:11 3.3 Intel, x86 processors, and the IBM PC
00:28:05 3.3.1 386 microprocessor
00:30:02 3.3.2 486, Pentium, and Itanium
00:32:26 3.3.3 Pentium flaw
00:34:44 3.3.4 Intel Inside and other campaigns
00:36:46 3.3.5 2018 security flaws
00:38:27 3.3.6 Remote Keyboard Android App
00:38:58 3.4 Solid-state drives (SSD)
00:39:41 3.5 Supercomputers
00:40:30 3.6 Mobile Linux software
00:41:37 3.7 Competition, antitrust and espionage
00:43:52 3.8 Use of Intel products by Apple Computer (2005–present)
00:44:46 3.9 Core 2 Duo advertisement controversy (2007)
00:45:26 3.10 Introduction of Classmate PC (2011)
00:45:49 3.11 Introduction of new mobile processor technology (2011)
00:47:04 3.12 Update to server chips (2011)
00:47:24 3.13 Introduction of Ivy Bridge 22 nm processors (2011)
00:47:49 3.14 Development of Personal Office Energy Monitor (POEM) (2011)
00:48:24 3.15 iIT Manager/i series
00:49:02 3.16 Car Security System (2011)
00:49:27 3.17 High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection
00:49:49 3.18 Move from Wintel desktop to open mobile platforms (2013–2014)
00:50:32 3.19 Introduction of Haswell processors (2013)
00:50:53 3.20 Wearable fashion (2014)
00:51:40 3.21 Fog computing
00:52:12 3.22 Conflict-free production
00:53:09 3.23 Self driving cars
00:54:22 4 Corporate affairs
00:54:32 4.1 Leadership and corporate structure
00:58:04 4.2 Ownership
00:58:23 4.3 Employment
01:01:08 4.3.1 Diversity
01:02:42 4.4 Economic impact in Oregon in 2009
01:03:33 4.5 School funding in New Mexico in 1997
01:03:58 4.6 Ultrabook fund (2011)
01:05:14 4.7 Marketing
01:05:22 4.7.1 Intel Inside
01:09:54 4.7.2 Sonic logo
01:10:47 4.7.3 Processor naming strategy
01:13:09 4.7.4 Typography
01:13:50 4.7.5 Intel Brand Book
01:14:11 4.8 Open source support
01:16:14 4.9 Declining PC sales
01:16:30 5 Litigation and regulatory issues
01:16:41 5.1 Patent infringement litigation (2006–2007)
01:17:26 5.2 Anti-trust allegations and litigation (2005–2009)
01:19:13 5.2.1 Allegations by Japan Fair Trade Commission (2005)
01:19:42 5.2.2 Allegations by the European Union (2007–2008)
01:21:57 5.2.3 Allegations by regulators in South Korea (2007)
01:22:44 5.2.4 Allegations by regulators in the United States (2008–2010)
01:24:48 5.3 Corporate responsibility record
01:26:25 5.4 Age discrimination complaints
01:27:35 5.5 Tax dispute in India
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I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Intel Corporation (commonly known as Intel and stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley. It is the world's second largest and second highest valued semiconductor chip manufacturer based on revenue after being overtaken by Samsung, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs). Intel ranked No. 46 in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.Intel suppl ...
Architecture of Karnataka | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Architecture of Karnataka
00:03:08 1 Kadamba architecture
00:04:37 2 Dravidian architecture
00:05:27 2.1 Gomateshwara
00:06:36 2.2 Panchakuta basadi (Jain basadi)
00:07:27 2.3 Talakad
00:08:46 2.4 Nanjangud Temple
00:10:02 3 Badami Chalukya architecture
00:10:52 3.1 Cave temples
00:12:09 4 Dravidian and Rekhanagara style of architecture of Rashtrakutas
00:12:52 4.1 Pattadakal
00:14:45 4.2 Sangameshvara Temple
00:15:34 4.3 Galaganatha Temple
00:16:33 4.4 Papanatha Temple
00:17:47 4.5 Navalinga Temple
00:18:22 5 Western Chalukya architecture
00:19:28 5.1 Lakkundi temples
00:20:26 5.2 Kashivisvanatha Temple
00:21:12 5.3 Brahma Jainalaya
00:22:36 5.4 Mahadeva Temple
00:23:19 5.5 Siddhesvara Temple
00:24:05 5.6 Dodda Basappa Temple
00:24:42 5.7 Trikuteshwara Shiva Temple
00:25:17 5.8 Sudi monuments
00:25:56 6 Hoysala architecture
00:26:59 6.1 Somanathapura
00:27:38 6.2 Chennakesava Temple at Belur
00:28:39 6.3 Hoysaleswara Temple
00:30:08 6.4 Ishvara Temple
00:31:24 6.5 Melkote Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple
00:32:15 6.6 Lakshminarasimha Swamy Temple
00:33:43 7 Vijayanagara architecture
00:37:17 8 Indo-Islamic architecture
00:37:43 8.1 Gol Gumbaz
00:39:44 9 Keladi Nayaka art of the Nayaka kingdoms
00:39:56 9.1 Rameshwara Temple at Keladi
00:41:01 9.2 Aghoreshwara Temple
00:42:24 10 Architecture of Kingdom of Mysore
00:46:14 10.1 Chamundeshwari Temple
00:47:24 10.2 Neo-Gothic cathedral architecture or church architecture
00:49:26 10.3 Muslim Architecture – Tipu Sultan's rule
00:49:55 10.4 Indo-Saracenic architecture
00:50:30 11 Sikh architecture
00:53:01 12 Buddhist culture & architecture
00:54:30 12.1 Tibetan Buddhist culture & architecture
00:56:08 13 Neo Dravidian architecture
00:56:33 13.1 Vidhana Soudha
00:57:07 13.2 Murudeshwara Temple
00:57:56 14 Gallery
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The antiquity of Architecture of Karnataka (Kannada: ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ) can be traced to its southern Neolithic and early Iron Age, Having witnessed the architectural ideological and utilitarian transformation from shelter- ritual- religion. Here the nomenclature ‘Architecture’ is as old as c.2000 B.C.E. The upper or late Neolithic people in order to make their shelters, they constructed huts made of wattle and doab, that were buttressed by stone boulders, presumably having conical roof resting on the bamboo or wooden posts into red murram or paved granite chips as revealed in archaeological excavations in sites like Brhamagiri (Chitradurga district), Sanganakallu, Tekkalakota (Bellary district), Piklihal (Raichur district). Megaliths are the dominant archaeological evidence of the early Iron Age (c. 1500 B.C.E- 100 C.E unsettled date). There are more than 2000 early Iron Age burial sites on record, who laid the foundation for a high non perishable architecture in the form of various distinct architectural styles of stone built burials, which are ritualistic in its character. The active religious architecture is evident 345 with that of the Kadamba Dynasty. Karnataka is a state in the southern part of India originally known as the State of Mysore. Over the centuries, architectural monuments within the region displayed a diversity of influences, often relaying much about the artistic trends of the rulers of twelve different dynasties. Its architecture ranges dramatically from majestic monolith, such as the Gomateshwara, to Hindu and Jain places of worship, ruins of ancient cities, mausoleums and palaces of different architectural hue. Mysore Kingdom (Wodeyar) rule has also given an architectural master structure in the St. Philomena's Church at Mysore (extolled by the King as a structure of divine compassion and the eager gratitude of men) which was completed in 1956, in addition to many Dravidian style architectural temples. Two of the monuments (Pattadakal and Hampi) are listed under the UNESCO World Heritage List of 22 cultural monuments in India. Styles of Indo-Saracen ...
History of India | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of India
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
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This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the advancement of civilisation from the Indus Valley Civilisation to the eventual blending of the Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic Civilisation; the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than three millennia throughout various geographic areas of the Indian subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dominions during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders and privateers, resulting in the establishment of British India; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.Archaeological evidence of anatomically modern humans in the Indian subcontinent is estimated to be as old as 73,000–55,000 years with some evidence of early hominids dating back to about 500,000 years ago. Considered a cradle of civilisation, the Indus Valley Civilisation, which spread and flourished in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent from 3300 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilisation in South Asia. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urban culture developed in the Mature Harappan period, from 2600 to 1900 BCE. This civilisation collapsed at the start of the second millennium BCE and was later followed by the Iron Age Vedic Civilisation. The era saw the composition of the Vedas, the seminal texts of Hinduism, coalesce into Janapadas (monarchical, state-level polities), and social stratification based on caste. The Later Vedic Civilisation extended over the Indo-Gangetic plain and much of the Indian subcontinent, as well as witnessed the rise of major polities known as the Mahajanapadas. In one of these kingdoms, Magadha, Gautama Buddha and Mahavira propagated their Śramaṇic philosophies during the fifth and sixth centuries BCE.
Most of the Indian subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BCE onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Tamil Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BCE and was exported to foreign countries. During the Classical period, various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or Golden Age of India. During this period, aspects of Indian civilisation, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia, which led to the establishment of Indianised kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).The most significant event between the 7th and 11th century was the Tripartite struggle centred on Kannauj that lasted for more than two centuries between the Pala Empire, Rashtrakuta Empire, and Gurjara-Pratihara Empire. Southern India saw the rise of multiple imperial powers from the middle of the fifth century, most notable being the Chalukya, Chola, Pallava, Chera, Pandyan, and Western Chalukya Empires. The Chola dynasty conquered southern India and successfully invaded parts of Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Bengal in the 11th century. The early medieval period Indian mathematics influenced the development of mathematics and astronomy in the Arab world and the Hindu numerals were introduced.Muslim rule started in parts of north India in the 13th century when the Delhi Sultanate was founded in 1206 CE by Central Asian Turks; though earlier Muslim conquests made limited inroads into modern Afghanistan and Pakistan as early as the 8th century. The Delhi Sultanate ruled the major part o ...
Hanuman | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:49 1 Nomenclature
00:05:11 2 Historical development
00:05:21 2.1 Vedic roots
00:06:27 2.2 Tamil roots
00:07:43 2.3 Epics and Puranas
00:09:11 2.4 Late medieval and modern era
00:11:16 3 Birth
00:12:59 4 Childhood
00:15:37 5 Adulthood
00:21:50 6 Attributes
00:25:44 7 Texts
00:25:54 7.1 Hinduism
00:26:02 7.1.1 Ramayana
00:26:49 7.1.2 Mahabharata
00:27:32 7.1.3 Other literature
00:28:16 7.1.4 Hanuman Chalisa
00:28:44 7.2 Buddhism
00:31:53 7.3 Jainism
00:33:40 7.4 Sikhism
00:35:23 7.5 Southeast Asian texts
00:38:27 8 Significance and influence
00:40:48 9 Iconography
00:42:33 10 Temples and shrines
00:45:56 10.1 Festivals and celebrations
00:48:24 10.2 Indonesia
00:49:25 10.3 Thailand
00:50:33 11 In non-religious pop culture
00:52:04 12 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- improves your listening skills
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Speaking Rate: 0.9481643955691255
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-D
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
In Hinduism, Hanuman (; Sanskrit: हनुमान्, IAST: Hanumān) is an ardent devotee of Rama. Lord Hanuman, known as the Lord of Celibacy was an ideal Brahmachari or called Naistika Brahmachari in Sanskrit and is one of the central characters of the Indian Epic Ramayana. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata and the various Puranas. Hanuman is the son of Anjani and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.If yoga is the ability to control one's mind then Hanuman is the quintessential yogi having a perfect mastery over his senses, achieved through a disciplined lifestyle tempered by the twin streams of celibacy and selfless devotion (bhakti). In fact, Hanuman is the ideal Brahmachari (one who follows the path of Brahma), if ever there was one.
He is also a perfect karma yogi since he performs his actions with detachment, acting as an instrument of destiny rather than being impelled by any selfish motive.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence and loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama, as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like an Ape-Man Vanara.Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.