Pigeon Island National Park in St. Lucia, Saint Lucia
Pigeon Island is a 44-acre islet located in Gros Islet in the northern region of Saint Lucia. Once isolated from the country in the Caribbean Sea, the island was artificially joined to the western coast of mainland in 1972 by a man-made causeway built from dirt excavated to form the Rodney Bay Marina. Composed of two peaks the island is a historic site with numerous forts such as an 18th-century British fort and Fort Rodney both used by the British to spy on French Ships from neighbouring Martinique. In 1979 it was named a national park and again in 1992 it became a national landmark under the control of the Saint Lucia National Trust (SLNT). Today, Pigeon Island is the home and major venue of the Saint Lucia Jazz Festival.
History of Pigeon Island in St Lucia
Castilian navigator, Juan de la Cosa passed by Saint Lucia and Pigeon Island during his 1499 voyage and recorded the sighting on his world map of 1500. However, long before European explorers became aware of Pigeon Island, Amerindians who migrated from South America were the first people to spot and settle on the island. In fact, Amerindian artifacts dating back to 1000 A.D. are located on Pigeon Island in St Lucia. The Arawaks were the first, but they were driven out by the Caribs who are thought to have lived in caves along the shore of the island fishing and hunting for small animals and birds to survive.
Then starting in the 16th-century, Pigeon Island was used as a hideout by pirate gangs who could see approaching ships long before they saw them. The most famous pirate gang with 300+ men making Pigeon Island in St Lucia their hideout was led by a Frenchman Francois le Clerc, known as Le Capitaine Jambe de Bois because of his wooden leg.
The pirate gangs on Pigeon Islands were followed by European colonizers with both the French and British establishing settlements on Saint Lucia, and at the signing of the Treaty of Breda in 1667, French sovereignty was recognized. However, for 150 years that ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1814, control of Saint Lucia and Pigeon Island changed fourteen times. Seven times for the French and seven times for the British who were the ultimate victors and who actually built Fort Rodney along with the other military facilities on Pigeon Island starting in 1778.
Military operations were abandoned on Pigeon Island in St Lucia by the British circa 1861 at the beginning of the American Civil War. Pigeon Island was then used as a quarantine station for East Indian indentured laborers from 1877 to 1909. It was later used as a whaling station and even leased to an Englishwoman Josset Agnes Huskinson from 1937 to 1976. Josset had a popular restaurant on Pigeon Island, catering to yachties and visitors from neighboring islands like Martinique. Her lease on the island was suspended during World War II when the United States Navy used Pigeon Island as a US Naval Air Station as part of the protection of the Panama Canal.
Through all of this change of usage, it wasn’t until around 1972 that Pigeon Island was connected to mainland Saint Lucia through the construction of a causeway as part of the Rodney Bay Development Scheme. That ultimately led to the development of Pigeon Island as a national park with numerous attractions now known as Pigeon Island National Landmark.
Things to do at Pigeon Island
1. Explore the Ruins
Ruins’ isn’t a bad word where Pigeon Island is concerned. Everyone from hikers to newlyweds enjoy this slice of paradise, in and out of the park. If you’re into hiking, you can hike one or both peaks located within the park. Fort Rodney is 225 feet high, while Signal Peak reaches 330 feet. It’s a little challenging to get to the top, but it doesn’t measure up to some of the more difficult climbs in Saint Lucia, like the Gros Piton or Petit Piton climb. To get to Signal Peak’s highest point, you’ll have to climb a tall ladder, which is relatively easy to do. The ocean breeze and the amazing view from the top are simply heavenly!
2. Bathe at secret beaches
While there are many bays in the general Pigeon Point area, in the park you’ll find two relatively secluded ones. If you go midweek, on a day when there are no cruise ships in port, you’ll find the beaches almost deserted. On other days, you won’t be able to find a spot. The water is clear, and the sand is white and well kept. There are even bathroom facilities. Beaches within the park are popular for picnics, snorkeling, and snuba tours.
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