PASQUALE VASSALLO - UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF BAIAE: NYMPHAEUM
PASQUALE VASSALLO - UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF BAIAE: NYMPHAEUM
Submerged remains of Emperor Claudius' nymphaeum (as found on display in the Phlegraean Fields' Archaeological Museum in the Aragonese Castle in Baia). The underwater environment takes us back into the past allowing us to view the reconstruction of the marble staues, the main street Herclanea and the surrounding thermal bath complex. Following restoration works, the dive site has been open since January 2010.
Location: Archeological Park of Baiae Zone A.
Exploring The Roman Harbour of Underwater Pompeii
Studying the submerged archaeological remains of Portus Iulius and the Roman villas of the Baia Underwater Park. Recognition -- unique in the world -- of structures, mosaics, sculptures, amphora and Roman pottery at the Baia Underwater Park.
Most Amazing Cities Found UNDERWATER!
Here is the top list of mysterious sunken underwater cities in the world found underwater! These strange and mindblowing but also amazing forgotten ancient underwater ruins are located deep into the ocean. Check out Alexandria, City of Cuba, Yonaguni, Lake Titicaca, Pavlopetri, Lion City, Heracleion and more underwater cities!
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1. Yonaguni Pyramids
In the mid 80s, Divers found underwater rock terraces and pyramids off the coast of Yonaguni Jima. Yonaguni Jima is an island that lies near the southern tip of Japan's Ryukyu archipelago, About 75 miles off the eastern coast of Taiwan. At first scientists believed they might be natural formations, but There are quarry marks and some writing on the stones and animal statues that have also been found underwater. Now some experts believe that The structures Could be what is left of the mythical city of Mu, a fabled Pacific civilization rumored to have vanished beneath the waves. Masaki Kimura, a marine geologist from the University of Japan, Has been studying the underwater pyramids for over 15 years. The underwater structures include castle ruins, a triumphal arch, five temples and at least one large stadium, all of which are Connected by roads and water channels and are partly shielded by what could be huge retaining walls. Kimura believes the ruins date back to at least 5,000 years, based on the dates of stalactites found inside underwater caves that he says sank with the city. The theory is that the ancient underwater city Might have been sunk by an earthquake or tsunami around 2,000 years ago. Yonaguni invites tourists and researchers to dive freely around the site.
2. Sunken City of Cuba
In 2001, A company called Advanced Digital Communications (ADC) was working with Fidel Castro's government to explore Cuban waters looking for sunken Spanish ships loaded with treasure. Their Sonar equipment picked up a series of geometrical structures lying on the bottom of the ocean. Here's a computer generated image of the pyramids and other structures found underwater.
The structures and design made it look like there was A gigantic underwater city at the bottom of the Bermuda Triangle. The media went crazy claiming that Atlantis had been discovered in Cuba. There are local legends of the Maya and native Yucatecos that tell of an Island inhabited by their ancestors that vanished beneath the waves. If it's true the structures were made by an ancient civilization, they would have been the Most technologically advanced structures on the planet at that time. Scientists estimate that they would have been built about 50,000 years ago which doesn't seem very likely. The numerous structures and cities that have been discovered underwater around the world Lie less than 120 meters (or 395 feet) below sea level, which comes as no surprise since the sea level never fell below this mark during the time Homo sapiens walked the earth. This Cuban city, if we can call it that, is the Only exception since It is submerged over 700 meters (2300 feet) underwater. If the large structures are actually pyramids, 2 of them are Even larger than the pyramids of Giza and Cheops in Egypt. As of yet there is no plausible explanation for the existence of this city and ADC is still trying to investigate the site.
3. Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca is Located in the Andes between Bolivia and Peru. It is the largest freshwater lake in South America and was the cradle of Peru's ancient civilizations, including the Inca. Their presence can be seen on Lake Titicaca by the ruins they left behind, including A mysterious underwater temple thought to be between 1,000 and 1,500 years old. In the Incan creation myth, The god Con Tiqui Viracocha emerged from Lake Titicaca. After commanding the sun, moon, and the stars to rise, Viracocha created more human beings from stone. After bringing them to life, Viracocha Commanded them to go and populate the world. The Incas therefore believed that Lake Titicaca was their place of origin, and that upon death, Their spirits would return to this lake. Archeologists located a huge temple in 2000 after following a submerged road (and I'm sure following advice from locals). After 18 days of diving below the clear waters of Titicaca, scientists said they had Discovered a 660-foot long, 160-foot wide temple, a terrace for crops, and a 2,600-foot containing wall along with gold and statues. It is said the lost city was Covered with sediment during a great flood of biblical proportions and local people had passed down the stories of the underwater temple and flood from generation to generation.
The evaporating Mediterranean Sea | BBC
Six million years ago the continents of Africa and Europe collided to close the Strait of Gibralter. Starved of water, the Mediterranean Sea evaporated to form a vast desert. The legacy of this vanished ocean? A million years' worth of salt deposited in mines half a kilimetre beneath the island of Sicily. Extraordinary footage taken from the ground-breaking BBC series Earth: The Power of the Planet. Visit for all the latest animal news and wildlife videos and watch more high quality videos on the new BBC Earth YouTube channel here:
Shipwrecks and Submerged Worlds: Maritime Archaeology
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Shipwrecks and Submerged Worlds is a free four week online course offered in conjunction with FutureLearn, starting on the 6th October 2014. It gives you a unique opportunity to gain an insight into the fascinating world of maritime archaeology, in an open access and engaging format.
Drawing on the expertise of the staff and students of the Centre for Maritime Archaeology at the University of Southampton, participants will be guided through humanity’s changing relationship with the world’s oceans and seas over the last 2.5 million years.
We will discuss the impact of changing sea-levels on the geography of our planet and the legacy they may have left behind in myths and legends of Atlantis and Lyonesse; the development of seafaring technologies; and the emergence of globalised economies. We will explore the traditions of seafaring that gave birth to such diverse historical and social phenomena as Polynesian exploration and colonisation, Viking age expansion, the ‘Golden Age of Sail’ and piracy. We will examine the transformative impact that levels of preservation found on wrecks such as the Mary Rose and Vasa have had on our understanding of past societies, through to what can be learned from more modern maritime sites such as the Titanic. The science and technology behind data collection will be explained, from diver based research to cutting edge remote sensing techniques. We’ll also consider the key questions and that continue to challenge researchers today and shape the future direction of the discipline.
Importantly, this course has been designed to allow significant participant interaction, through group discussion and online tasks. In this way we hope not only to teach, but to engage course members with the rewards that archaeological research has to offer. We hope that the comments people make and the ideas they have, will stimulate us all to think about the subject in new and different ways. It is this crowdsourcing of ideas that particularly excites us about providing the course. It offers us a chance to engage with a much wider audience than we normally do, to learn about people’s different ideas and generate new insights into how we might interpret the past.
Whether you are a student wanting a taster of our archaeology degrees or a lifelong learner with a passion for our oceans, we’ll introduce this exciting discipline to you in an accessible way. The course is suitable for anyone and there is no need for any previous experience. Although the course runs throughout October 2014, it is likely to be repeated in 2015.
You can keep up to date with what’s happening on the course (and our research more broadly) via our blog ( and on our Twitter account @UoSShipwrecks with the hashtag #FLShipwrecks
Rome's underground secrets revealed
(1 Jul 2011)
AP Television
Rome, Italy - June 1, 2011
1. Mid of Underground Rome Association President, Adriana Morabito, leading his crew through arched aqueduct
Rome, Italy - May 27, 2011
2. Pan left of the lower level of a two-story building found under Roman street level dating back to the first century A.D.
3. Pan right of the upper level of the same archaeological site, dating back to the third century A.D.
4. Pan right of remnants of ancient vases (amphorae) used for wine
5. Wide of the underground passageways of the Circus Maximus Mithraeum, uncovered in the 1930s
6. Wide aerial of the Circus Maximus Mithraeum with visitors listening to a guide
7. Mid of guide leading two visitors
8. Wide of a bas relief depicting the Persian god Mithra, killing a sacred bull, dating to the 3rd century A.D.
9. Pan right of the Latin inscription engraved on the bas relief
10. Mid of the god of the sun in the same bas relief
11. Pull focus from a bird to the god of the sun
12. Mid of the guide explaining the bas relief to visitors
13. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Francesca Fumian, visitor:
The feeling is always new and different. You discover worlds that you would have never imagined. Maybe you walk the street above dozens of times every month, and you don't know all this lies beneath.
14. Wide of Giovanni Caruso, Director of Rome's Archaeology and Heritage Office
15. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Giovanni Caruso, Director of Rome's Archaeology and Heritage Office:
These places seem familiar to us, we take them for granted, because they're part of our daily job. But we cannot forget that millions of tourists and residents, and those who frequent the city, experience an ongoing discovery.
16. Mid of triumphal arch inside the Foro Romano in Rome
17. Pan right of the Foro Romano
18. Mid of tourists taking photos of the Roman Forum from a terrace above
19. Wide of the entrance to old Opera Theatre Warehouse in the centre of Rome, built on top an archaeological site
20. Wide of the exterior of a public library in Rome built on top of another archaeological site
Rome, Italy - June 1, 2011
21. Mid of ancient well more than 10 metres deep, as cavers from the Underground Rome Association explore it
22. Mid of cavers walking inside ancient Roman aqueduct with battery lights
23. Wide of cavers looking inside a crack in the ancient Roman aqueduct
24. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Adriano Morabito, President of the Underground Rome Association:
Rome's biggest museum is probably the one underground, the one that hasn't yet been discovered. So there's so much to learn from what's underground, in order to be able to better understand what's above it.
25. Tilt down Adriano Morabito testing remote control robot scout
26. Wide of four-wheeled robot making its way into a tunnel too narrow for the cavers
27. Mid of robot turning into another part of the aqueduct
28. Close of digital display showing the real-time images of the robot exploring the cavities
29. Close of robot inside tunnel
30. Wide of robot approaching end of tunnel
31. Mid of robot rolling over loose rocks
32. Mid of a caver recovering the robot by tugging at its wire
33. Wide of the Underground Rome crew walking inside the aqueduct to measure its inclination
34. Mid of Adriano Morabito and his colleague preparing to collect altitude data with a laser tool
35. Close of a caver as a laser beam hits his measuring pole
36. Wide of a laser leveller beaming inside a tunnel, then the crew turn on their helmet lights
37. Close of Adriano Morabito measuring the inclination of the tunnel
38. Close up the measuring tool beeping
39. Mid of the Underground Rome crew chatting
40. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Adriano Morabito, President of the Underground Rome Association:
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Discovered Sunken Cities that Aren't Atlantis!!
People have been living by the water by centuries and many cities have gone the way of the dodo due to their proximity to the harsh ocean. From tidal waves to volcanoes, these cites have been hit hard and now sleep with the fishes. These are 9 sunken cities that aren't Atlantis!
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People LOVE to live by the ocean. It’s the best, great views, playing on the beach, not life guards. What else could you want. Well the ocean can be a harsh mistress and many cities throughout history have felt her wrath. Here at 10 sunken cites that aren’t Atlantis.
9
In the year 0, Baiae was a jewel on the west coast of Italy, it neighbored to Naples and sat tall on top of the bay. It was a fashionable resort town for the roman elite and several of Rome’s greatest emperors loved Baiae. Virgil, Cicero, and Claudius have
Pop Quiz hot spot, when the Ice Age ended the polar ice caps melted and the sea level rose. How many feet do you think the ocean rose during that time? See if you can guess the correct answer in the comments below and I’ll let you know later on in the video if you’re right.
8.
Yonaguni is an island in Southern Japan. The city and temple complex found some 200 feet below the ocean’s surface there. the city has no name that we know of and its was older than any Japanese civilization. It was lost to history for thousands of years until it was discovered in 1995, by a sport diver. The current and water conditions are challenging in the spot that the Yonaguni underwater ruins were found. It’s a difficult dive, but those who
7
In the 11th century, Dunwich was one of the largest towns in England. However, a succession of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries eroded the coastline. The town is now almost entirely underwater. Heavy storms hit the coast for decades. Locals best her at Lee built deep fence ditches to try to hold back the waters and save the city from drowning, but they couldn’t stop the harsh sea from setting up shop in town. And literally, there goes the neighborhood!
6
Olous, near the northern coast of Crete, was a port town of high significance back in the first thousand years before Christ. They had their own currency and the people there lived relatively opulent lives because of the wealth that flowed through the port. It now sits beneath the shallow blue waters off the Cretan north shore. Olous was called the city of fountains. According to legend, Sear of pirates and leaves lead the citizens to build 100 fountains and wells in the surrounding area. 99 of them contained only water, but
5.
Pavlopetri was a harbor town on the Mediterranean in what is now modern day Greece. It stood over 5,000 years ago, when the whole of western civilization was still young. The city grew for 2,000 years. It became one of the busiest and most well-known ports in the whole Mediterranean. Historians are certain this was a cultural
4.
Ravenser Odd was an old pirate town in England’s middle ages. It was originally one of the most strategic landing zone for Vikings- when Yorkshire was called Yorvik. The inhabitants, from all reports, were mostly leaves, vagabonds, and yeah- pirates. They had a legitimate government with courts, risen, and for the worst boys and girls- the shallows.
3.
Port Royal, Jamaica was once said to be the “Wick said best City on Earth”., Captain Henry Morgan was the oh see Jack Sparrow who ruled it like a buccaneering King Joffrey. He was made their Lieutenant Governor in the 1670’s. The city was a world-famous
2.
Ship Cheng in the Zhejieng province of China is a beautiful underwater ancient spectacle that means lion city. And it’s beneath the lion mountains from the Han dynasty circa 200 B.E. With lions everywhere, it’s this area had a thing for lions. But sadly, there’s no mystery why this beautiful underwater antiquity exists. It was purposefully flooded to create a hydroelectric dam in 1959, classic China!
It’s Answer time! According to NASA when the massive ice sheets covering north America during the ice age melted that water ran into the ocean and raised the sea level 393 feet. That’s enough water to put submerge the entire statue of liberty
1
A legend that Indians call “The Golden City”, used to be a thriving place of beauty that belonged to Krishna, a Hindu Todd. It was only a legend for thousands of years until it was discovered in the Gulf of Cambay, 120 feet deep. This was accomplished with equipment like sonar scanning tools and a lucky guess. They probed an area that used to be above land before the last ice age, and made the discovery of a lifetime. It’s a 5-mile-long & 2-mile-wide mother with
Places to see in ( Pozzuoli - Italy ) Cumae
Places to see in ( Pozzuoli - Italy ) Cumae
Cumae was an ancient city of Magna Graecia on the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Founded by settlers from Euboea in the 8th century BC, Cumae was the first Greek colony on the mainland of Italy and the seat of the Cumaean Sibyl. The ruins of the city lie near the modern village of Cuma, a frazione of the comune Bacoli in the Province of Naples, Campania, Italy. The settlement, in a location that was already occupied, is believed to have been founded in the 8th century BC by Euboean Greeks, originally from the cities of Eretria and Chalcis in Euboea, which was accounted its mother-city by agreement among the first settlers. They were already established at Pithecusae (modern Ischia); they were led by the paired oecists (founders) Megasthenes of Chalcis and Hippocles of Cyme.
The Greeks were planted upon the earlier dwellings of indigenous, Iron Age peoples whom they supplanted; a memory of them was preserved as cave-dwellers named Cimmerians, among whom there was already an oracular tradition. Its name refers to the peninsula of Cyme in Euboea. The colony was also the entry point in the Italian peninsula for the Euboean alphabet, the local variant of the Greek alphabet used by its colonists, a variant of which was adapted and modified by the Etruscans and then by the Romans and became the Latin alphabet still used worldwide today.
The colony thrived. By the 8th century it was strong enough to send Perieres and a group with him, who were among the founders of Zancle in Sicily, and another band had returned to found Triteia in Achaea, Pausanias was told. It spread its influence throughout the area over the 7th and 6th centuries BC, gaining sway over Puteoli and Misenum and, thereafter, founding Neapolis in 470 BC. All these facts were recalled long afterwards; Cumae's first brief contemporary mention in written history is in Thucydides.
The growing power of the Cumaean Greeks led many indigenous tribes of the region to organize against them, notably the Dauni and Aurunci with the leadership of the Capuan Etruscans. This coalition was defeated by the Cumaeans in 524 BC under the direction of Aristodemus, called Malacus, a successful man of the people who overthrew the aristocratic faction, became a tyrant himself, and was assassinated.
The Greek period at Cumae came to an end in 421 BC, when the Oscans broke down the walls and took the city, ravaging the countryside. Some survivors fled to Neapolis. Cumae came under Roman rule with Capua and in 338 was granted partial citizenship, a civitas sine suffragio. In the Second Punic War, in spite of temptations to revolt from Roman authority, Cumae withstood Hannibal's siege, under the leadership of Tib. Sempronius Gracchus.
The first historically documented bishop of Cumae was Adeodatus, a member of a synod convoked by Pope Hilarius in Rome in 465. Another was Misenus, who was one of the two legates that Pope Felix III sent to Constantinople and who were imprisoned and forced to receive Communion with Patriarch Acacius of Constantinople in a celebration of the Divine Liturgy in which Peter Mongus and other Miaphysites were named in the diptychs, an event that led to the Acacian Schism. Misenus was excommunicated on his return but was later rehabilitated and took part as bishop of Cumae in two synods of Pope Symmachus. Pope Gregory the Great entrusted the administration of the diocese of Cumae to the bishop of Misenum. Later, both Misenum and Cumae ceased to be residential sees and the territory of Cumae became part of the diocese of Aversa after the destruction of Cumae in 1207. Accordingly, Cumae is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
( Pozzuoli - Italy ) is well know as a tourist destination because of the variety of places you can enjoy while you are visiting Pozzuoli . Through a series of videos we will try to show you recommended places to visit in Pozzuoli - Italy
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DISCOVERY OF CHINESE RELICS IN KOREA / KBS뉴스(News)
[Anchor Lead]
Some 400 pieces of relics of China's Southern Song Dynasty have been discovered in waters off Korea's southern Jejudo Island. Among the find is a seal and seal case used by Chinese merchants of that period, marking the first such discovery in Korea. The Cultural Heritage Administration believes a Chinese merchant vessel was shipwrecked in this area, serving as evidence to maritime exchanges held between Korea, China and Japan in those days.
[Pkg]
Waters off western Jejudo Island. As the sand is sucked out of the seabed, broken pottery pieces are revealed. An underwater excavation was carried out for 3 months since April and loads of earthenware fragments were found across a 300 square meter site. They are believed to date back to China's Southern Song Dynasty era. The Cultural Heritage Administration suspects a Chinese merchant vessel passing by Jeju-do on its way to Japan in the 12th or 13th century sunk in this area.
[Soundbite] LEE GWI-YOUNG(DIRECTOR-GENERAL, CHA) : Southern Song era earthenware of the same pattern has been found in Korea as well as Japan. This proves trade existed between Southern Song, Goryeo and Japan.
A seal which Chinese merchants likely used in correspondence and packaging has also been found. It still had bits of red ink intact. There were also pieces of a seal case. Experts believe if seals of a similar design can also be located in China and Japan, that can help shed light on the identity of the sunken vessel. Underwater relics near Jeju-do's Sinchang-ri area were first reported to authorities in 1983 when a local female diver found a golden accessory. Last year, around 500 pieces of Southern Song era pottery were also discovered. The Cultural Heritage Administration believes there is more to be found in the waters in this area. Additional search and survey operations are being planned for next year.
Imagining Portus
A lecture held at the British School at Rome on the 17 November 2015 entitled 'Imagining Portus. Computer graphic reconstruction of the Palazzo Imperiale and Shipyard excavated by the Portus Project 2007–2014', by Simon Keay with Grant Cox, and Janet DeLaine.
Simon Keay discusses (in English) the new 3D modelling work that has been undertaken as part of the Portus Project.
Did Roman emperor Nero murder his own mother?
Records of Nero's reign portray him as a monster who orchestrated his own mother's death. But was it even possible? Experts try to re-create the circumstances by which Nero was alleged to have sun his mother Agrippina's ship as it sailed out of Baiae.
Stream The Nero Files on pbs.org/secrets
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At the intersection of science and history, Secrets of the Dead uses the latest scientific discoveries to challenge prevailing ideas and throw fresh light on unexplained historical events.
Bahamas Shark Dive
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Houses of the Roman elite: Africa (5/6)
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Portus 2016 how trader would of been like within the roman empire
Time capsule (Time Team) from early Roman army to the knights and monarchy all here within the musical film Portus Adurni, the 808 from Planet Roland don't half rhythm,pulse,rhythmic section...well.
Ruins of Baia
Looking out across the Villa. These ruins were once a resort.
Aqua Augusta (Naples) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:00:25 Route of the aqueduct
00:02:17 History
00:04:31 Visible Remains
00:05:24 Literary allusions
00:05:48 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9533497822289904
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Aqua Augusta, or Serino Aqueduct (Italian: Acquedotto Romano del Serino), was one of the largest, most complex and costliest aqueduct systems in the Roman world; it supplied water to at least eight ancient cities in the Bay of Naples including Pompeii and Herculaneum. This aqueduct was unlike any other of its time, being a regional network rather than being focussed on one urban centre.
Most visited places in the world | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:58 1 Etymology
00:02:27 2 Significance of tourism
00:04:08 3 Definitions
00:06:32 4 World tourism statistics and rankings
00:06:44 4.1 Total volume of cross-border tourist travel
00:08:09 4.2 World's top tourism destinations
00:08:31 4.3 International tourism receipts
00:09:03 4.4 International tourism expenditure
00:09:24 4.5 Euromonitor International Top City Destinations Ranking
00:09:45 4.6 World Travel and Tourism Council
00:09:56 5 History
00:10:05 5.1 Antiquity
00:11:08 5.2 Middle Ages
00:12:14 5.3 Grand Tour
00:15:25 5.4 Emergence of leisure travel
00:18:39 6 Cruise shipping
00:19:19 7 Modern day tourism
00:19:43 7.1 Mass tourism
00:21:58 7.2 Niche tourism
00:22:46 7.3 Winter tourism
00:24:58 8 Recent developments
00:27:29 8.1 Sustainable tourism
00:30:46 8.2 Textile tourism
00:31:14 8.3 Ecotourism
00:32:10 8.4 Movie tourism
00:32:48 8.5 Dizionario del Turismo Cinematografico
00:36:47 8.6 Volunteer tourism
00:38:42 8.7 Pro-poor tourism
00:39:44 8.8 Recession tourism
00:40:35 8.9 Medical tourism
00:41:11 8.10 Educational tourism
00:41:51 8.11 Event tourism
00:43:07 8.12 Creative tourism
00:45:23 8.13 Experiential tourism
00:46:05 8.14 Dark tourism
00:48:13 8.15 Social tourism
00:49:08 8.16 Doom tourism
00:50:21 8.17 Religious tourism
00:51:04 8.18 Tourism fatigue
00:51:24 9 Growth
00:52:47 9.1 Space tourism
00:53:15 9.2 Sports tourism
00:53:46 9.3 Latest trends
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8094281532832052
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveller's country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only, as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes.Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments.
Tourism suffered as a result of a strong economic slowdown of the late-2000s recession, between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, and the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, but slowly recovered. International tourism receipts (the travel item in the balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2005, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012, emerging markets such as China, Russia, and Brazil had significantly increased their spending over the previous decade. The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair. Global tourism accounts for ca. 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure, or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.
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Tourism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:57 1 Etymology
00:02:25 2 Significance of tourism
00:04:05 3 Definitions
00:06:25 4 Tourism Divide by UNWTO
00:07:50 5 World tourism statistics and rankings
00:08:02 5.1 Total volume of cross-border tourist travel
00:09:25 5.2 World’s top tourism destinations
00:09:47 5.3 International tourism receipts
00:10:19 5.4 International tourism expenditure
00:10:40 5.5 Euromonitor International Top City Destinations Ranking
00:11:01 5.6 World Travel & Tourism Council
00:11:04 6 History
00:11:13 6.1 Antiquity
00:12:14 6.2 Middle Ages
00:13:17 6.3 Grand Tour
00:16:25 6.4 Emergence of leisure travel
00:19:37 7 Cruise shipping
00:20:17 8 Modern day tourism
00:20:40 8.1 Mass tourism
00:22:53 8.2 Niche tourism
00:23:39 8.3 Winter tourism
00:25:50 9 Recent developments
00:28:18 9.1 Sustainable tourism
00:31:29 9.2 Ecotourism
00:32:23 9.3 Movie tourism
00:33:00 9.4 Dizionario del Turismo Cinematografico
00:37:01 9.5 Volunteer tourism
00:38:50 9.6 Pro-poor tourism
00:39:52 9.7 Recession tourism
00:40:42 9.8 Medical tourism
00:41:17 9.9 Educational tourism
00:41:56 9.10 Event tourism
00:43:09 9.11 Creative tourism
00:45:19 9.12 Experiential tourism
00:45:58 9.13 Dark tourism
00:48:02 9.14 Social tourism
00:48:56 9.15 Doom tourism
00:50:08 9.16 Religious tourism
00:50:50 9.17 Tourism fatigue
00:51:09 10 Growth
00:52:30 10.1 Space tourism
00:52:56 10.2 Sports tourism
00:53:28 10.3 Latest trends
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
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Speaking Rate: 0.8770170248978346
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-E
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. Tourism may be international, or within the traveller's country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only, as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes.Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments.
Tourism suffered as a result of a strong economic slowdown of the late-2000s recession, between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, and the outbreak of the H1N1 influenza virus, but slowly recovered. International tourism receipts (the travel item in the balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2011, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012, emerging markets such as China, Russia, and Brazil had significantly increased their spending over the previous decade. The ITB Berlin is the world's leading tourism trade fair. Global tourism accounts for ca. 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Tourism
Tourism is the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also prefer to travel to another location within the same country. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.
Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. Tourism can be domestic or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country's balance of payments. Today, tourism is a major source of income for many countries, and affects the economy of both the source and host countries, in some cases it is of vital importance.
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