Iran, Tehran – Chants of ‘Death to Khamenei’ in Sepahsalar Street, June 25
Major anti-regime protests break out in Iran’s capital on June 25, 2018 as merchants in Tehran’s Bazaar go on strike over regime’s corrupt economic policies that have led to price hikes.
Tehran Weekend: Sepahsalar Garden pedestrian a unique historical place
Sepahsalar Garden pedestrian is a unique historical place in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, which is a popular place for the people to spent time with their families and friends.
#Tehran_Weekend
Iran 1973 archive footage
Archival footage shot by a West German filmmaker while touring Iran in 1973.
It contains stock footage of different places around the country: Tehran (Sepahsalar Mosque, Azadi Tower), villages, people during everyday life, people praying in mosques, Taq-e Bostan rock reliefs in Kermanshah, shepherds, and more.
Please, comment if you recognize more subjects.
If you want to watch this video without the watermark and advertising, please visit:
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Sepahsalar bazaar, Tehran, Aug 11 shopowners in this shopping mall also joining the strike
Sepahsalar bazaar, Tehran, Aug 11 shopowners in this shopping mall also joining the strike
IRAN: New protests in Kazerun with chants of Beware of the day when we arm ourselves.
On Friday, April 20, 2018, thousands of residents of Kazerun, southern Iran, staged anti-regime protests for the fifth consecutive day. People also gathered in the city's grand mosque and denounced the regime's plan to divide the city.
The demonstration was held while the city's so-called city council, Friday prayers’ leader and state media had announced that all gatherings were banned until the Kazerun city separation plan is determined.
The angry protesters chanted: Honorable Iranians, support us, Honorable Kazerun, hail to your dignity, Our state TV is a disgrace, “Beware of the day when we arm ourselves. If we are betrayed, hell will be raised against the regime and “We are ready to defend Kazerun.”
Following the courageous demonstration of the people of Kazerun, some local authorities announced on Wednesday that the plan for the separation of Kazerun was being paused. However, people did not pay any attention to the regime’s promises and demanded the governor respond.
Strike And Demonstration Of Iran’s Shoe Manufacturers In Tehran Market
Strike And Demonstration Of Iran’s Shoe Manufacturers In Tehran Market
NCR IRAN
2018
Our incompetent Government is responsible for our nation's poverty Our enemy is right here. They're lying when they say it's America
On Monday, June 18, 2018, shoe manufacturers in the Sepahsalar Market (Market Bags and Shoes) in Tehran, Iran protested over the cost of materials for producing shoes, and went on strike by closing their shops and then held a demonstration rally in the market.
They called on other colleagues to close their shops and join the movement.
On Monday morning, hundreds of shoemakers and their workers protested against unemployment and poverty, employing workers from other countries in this class, and the bankruptcy of hundreds of production units that caused thousands of unemployed people and held a rally at the Sepahsalar Market in Tehran.
The protesters chanted:
“Shame on you, leave your shop”
“Death to high prices”
“Death to unemployment”
“Our enemy is right here, they’re lying saying it’s in America.”
They held banners and placards with the following slogans written on them: Solidarity, support, we are all together. Peace and salute to the worker.
The demonstration began at 11:00 am local time on Monday, June 18th and lasted until 3:00 pm.
In a symbolic movement, shoe manufacturers displayed an empty table at the end of their demonstration to represent their livelihood, and then the head of the shoemakers union began speaking and giving them promises.
On Monday, June 18th, films were also posted on social networks that show the most of the main shops of the famous Shaanze Lizeh shopping mall in Tehran, which once enjoyed the highest prosperity, were closed and shut down due to the stagnation caused by the corrupt policies of the Iranian government.
Iranian Architecture: A Hidden Treasure | Taraneh Yalda | TEDxUniversityofTehran
Shaping the architectural future based on the treasures from last generations.
Taraneh Yalda is an architecture graduate from Polytechnic University of Turin, and an urban planning post graduate from University of Paris. Her first working experience was directing the urban master planning of the ancient city of Susa in Khuzestan that was damaged in the war time. She also has done many writings in professional and nonprofessional press as an architecture and urban planning critic, with newspapers such as Hamshahri, Jame’e, Shargh, Etemad and magazines such as Memar, Memari-va-Sakhteman, etc. In the past years, her concern has been motivating different groups of citizens to preserve the historic and ancient areas, which are mostly defenseless. It’s been a year or two since she started dedicating her career to organizing events and conferences with the main goal of enhancing the quality of city life.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at
protesters taking policeman in the air ????✊????✊✌️✌️✌️???? tehran 25/6/18
#iran #revolution
#RezaPahlavi
#IranProtests
#IranUprising
#AliKarimi
#persia
#team #melli
#اي_شاه_ايران_برگرد_به_ايران #شیرو_خورشید #علی_کریمی #تیم_ملی #انقلاب #قیام_بهمن
#تظاهرات_سراسری
#براندازم
#تظاهرات
#بهمن #خشمگین#خیزش #ايران #رشت #کرج #یزد #آمل #خراسان #هفتتپه #ماهشهر #خوزستان #ایلام #تھران #شیراز #اصفھان #آبادان #کرمان #اراک #زاهدان #اهواز #پاسداران #شادگان #تبریز #مسجد_سلیمانz #مشهد #کرمانشاه#بندرعباس #شهرکرد #برندازم#قیام_بهمن #zشاهزاده #tسعیدتوسی #شعار #انقلاب_بیداری
IRAN PROTESTERS CHANTING DEATH TO THIS GOVERNMENT OF DEMAGOGUES
OCTOBER 23, 2017-TEHRAN Across from Parliament, thousands protest and chant Death to this Government of Demagogues.
This is an escalation of months long protests all over the country against the regime's rulers and the IRGC who have stolen people's wealth.
Iran: dargiri zahedan
Iran: dargiri dahedan
Clare Davies – The Artist’s Map of Tehran, 1956-1966
In the mid-twentieth century, the contours of artistic practice in Tehran were shifting dramatically as the city expanded to the north and new cultural institutions were built in the urban center. An ink drawing on butcher paper executed by Hossein Zenderoudi (b. 1937, Iran) in this period doubles as a rudimentary map of Tehran’s evolving artistic hub: an area that housed the College of Fine Arts (est. 1940), the College of Decorative Arts (est. 1960-61), and recently opened galleries of modern art. Nearby, but beyond the borders of Zenderoudi’s handmade map, lay southern Tehran and its famous bazaar: an area increasingly identified at the time with a religious and socially conservative merchant class, the production of traditional arts and crafts, and political opposition to the shah.
This talk explores how the evolving topography of Tehran and its navigation by artists shaped avant-garde practices of the late 50s and early 60s. I argue, specifically, that a new generation of artists identified themselves with political networks and public religious rites based in the historic city, even as official and artist-run spaces for the arts multiplied elsewhere.
Clare Davies is the Assistant Curator of Modern and Contemporary Art, Middle East, North Africa, and Turkey at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. She has contributed to a wide range of research, programming, and archival projects related to art and photography in the Middle East since serving as associate curator of the Townhouse Gallery in Cairo from 2004 to 2006. She is a graduate of the rhetoric department at U.C. Berkeley and completed her doctoral dissertation on Egyptian modern art at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts in 2014. She was subsequently awarded the inaugural Irmgard Coninx Prize Fellowship at the Forum Transregionale Studien, Berlin.
She is the co-author of Robert Morris, Object Sculpture: 1960–65 (Yale UP, 2014) and has published regularly on contemporary art from the Arab world. Since joining The Met, she has overseen the installation of Yto Barrada's Lyautey Unit Blocks (Play) (2010), curated Siah Armajani: Follow This Line, and organized a scholarly seminar on collecting art from the Middle East. Upcoming projects include Rayyane Tabet / Alien Property–a collaboration with the department of Ancient Near Eastern Art, as well as Spiritual Pop: Art in 60s Iran.
Tehran | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Tehran
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tehran (; Persian: تهران Tehrân [tʰehˈɾɒːn] (listen)) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 8.4 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.In the Classical era, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Median city. It was subject to destruction through the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions. Its modern-day inheritor remains as an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran.
Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1796, in order to remain within close reach of Iran's territories in the Caucasus, before being separated from Iran as a result of the Russo-Iranian Wars, and to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been moved several times throughout the history, and Tehran is the 32nd national capital of Iran. Large scale demolition and rebuilding began in the 1920s, and Tehran has been a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran since the 20th century.Tehran is home to many historical collections, including the royal complexes of Golestan, Sa'dabad, and Niavaran, where the two last dynasties of the former Imperial State of Iran were seated. Tehran's most famous landmarks include the Azadi Tower, a memorial built under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1971 to mark the 2,500th year of the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran, and the Milad Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower which was completed in 2007. The Tabiat Bridge, a newly-built landmark, was completed in 2014.The majority of the population of Tehran are Persian-speaking people, and roughly 99% of the population understand and speak Persian, but there are large populations of other ethno-linguistic groups who live in Tehran and speak Persian as a second language.Tehran has an international airport (Imam Khomeini Airport) , a domestic airport (Mehrabad Airport), a central railway station, the rapid transit system of Tehran Metro, a bus rapid transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways.
There have been plans to relocate Iran's capital from Tehran to another area, due mainly to air pollution and the city's exposure to earthquakes. To date, no definitive plans have been approved. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations.October 6 is marked as Tehran Day based on a 2016 decision by members of the City Council, celebrating the day when the city was officially chosen as the capital of Iran by the Qajar dynasty back in 1907.
Qajar dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Qajar dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Qajar dynasty (listen ; Persian: سلسله قاجار Selsele-ye Qājār; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; Azerbaijani: قاجارلر Qacarlar) was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1794 to 1925. The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of Persia (Persian: دولت علیّه ایران Dowlat-e Aliyye Iran). The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty, and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects. In the Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of Iran's integral areas to the Russians over the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
Qajar dynasty | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Qajar dynasty
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Qajar dynasty (listen ; Persian: سلسله قاجار Selsele-ye Qājār; also Romanised as Ghajar, Kadjar, Qachar etc.; Azerbaijani: قاجارلر Qacarlar) was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, which ruled Persia (Iran) from 1794 to 1925. The state ruled by the dynasty was officially known as the Sublime State of Persia (Persian: دولت علیّه ایران Dowlat-e Aliyye Iran). The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty, and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects. In the Caucasus, the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of Iran's integral areas to the Russians over the course of the 19th century, comprising modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
Tehran | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:12 1 History
00:04:31 1.1 Classical era
00:06:30 1.2 Medieval period
00:08:46 1.3 Early modern era
00:11:52 1.4 Late modern era
00:18:29 2 Geography
00:18:38 2.1 Location and subdivisions
00:19:51 2.2 Climate
00:25:21 2.3 Environmental issues
00:27:40 3 Demographics
00:31:57 3.1 Religion
00:33:01 4 Economy
00:34:55 4.1 Shopping
00:35:47 4.2 Tourism
00:37:28 5 Infrastructure
00:37:38 5.1 Transport
00:37:47 5.1.1 Highways and streets
00:38:56 5.1.2 Cars
00:39:52 5.1.3 Buses
00:42:16 5.1.4 Railway and subway
00:42:56 5.1.5 Airport
00:43:33 5.2 Parks and green spaces
00:44:44 6 Education
00:46:57 7 Culture
00:47:06 7.1 Architecture
00:49:58 7.2 Theater
00:51:44 7.3 Cinema
00:52:54 7.4 Sports
00:56:07 7.4.1 Football clubs
00:57:07 7.5 Food
00:57:36 7.6 Graffiti
00:58:50 8 Twin towns and partner cities
00:59:20 9 Panoramic views
00:59:30 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7506034168704192
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tehran (; Persian: تهران Tehrân [tehˈɾɒːn] (listen)) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 8.7 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. It is ranked 24th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.In the Classical era, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Median city. It was subject to destruction through the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions. Its modern-day inheritor remains as an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran.
Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1796, in order to remain within close reach of Iran's territories in the Caucasus, before being separated from Iran as a result of the Russo-Iranian Wars, and to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been moved several times throughout the history, and Tehran is the 32nd national capital of Iran. Large scale demolition and rebuilding began in the 1920s, and Tehran has been a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran since the 20th century.Tehran is home to many historical collections, including the royal complexes of Golestan, Sa'dabad, and Niavaran, where the two last dynasties of the former Imperial State of Iran were seated. Tehran's most famous landmarks include the Azadi Tower, a memorial built under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1971 to mark the 2,500th year of the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran, and the Milad Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower which was completed in 2007. The Tabiat Bridge, a newly-built landmark, was completed in 2014.The majority of the population of Tehran are Persian-speaking people, and roughly 99% of the population understand and speak Persian, but there are large populations of other ethno-linguistic groups who live in Tehran and speak Persian as a second language.Tehran has an international airport (Imam Khomeini Airport) , a domestic airport (Mehrabad Airport), a central railway station, the rapid transit system of Tehran Metro, a bus rapid transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways.
There have been plans to relocate Iran's capital from Tehran to another area, due mainly to air pollution and the city's exposure to earthquakes. To date, no definitive plans have been approved. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations.October 6 is marked as Tehran Day based on a 2016 decision by members of the City Counc ...
Tehran | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:31 1 History
00:03:48 1.1 Classical era
00:05:27 1.2 Medieval period
00:07:22 1.3 Early modern era
00:09:57 1.4 Late modern era
00:15:29 2 Geography
00:15:38 2.1 Location and subdivisions
00:16:38 2.2 Climate
00:21:13 2.3 Environmental issues
00:23:09 3 Demographics
00:26:44 3.1 Religion
00:27:37 4 Economy
00:29:11 4.1 Shopping
00:29:55 4.2 Tourism
00:31:19 5 Infrastructure
00:31:29 5.1 Transport
00:31:37 5.1.1 Highways and streets
00:32:33 5.1.2 Cars
00:33:21 5.1.3 Buses
00:35:21 5.1.4 Railway and subway
00:35:56 5.1.5 Airport
00:36:27 5.2 Parks and green spaces
00:37:27 6 Education
00:39:18 7 Culture
00:39:27 7.1 Architecture
00:41:51 7.2 Theater
00:43:21 7.3 Cinema
00:44:19 7.4 Sports
00:46:59 7.4.1 Football clubs
00:47:51 7.5 Food
00:48:16 7.6 Graffiti
00:49:18 8 Twin towns and partner cities
00:49:44 9 Panoramic views
00:49:53 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8938408025275976
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Tehran (; Persian: تهران Tehrân [tʰehˈɾɒːn] (listen)) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province. With a population of around 8.4 million in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area of Greater Tehran, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, and has the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East. It is ranked 29th in the world by the population of its metropolitan area.In the Classical era, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages, a prominent Median city. It was subject to destruction through the medieval Arab, Turkic, and Mongol invasions. Its modern-day inheritor remains as an urban area absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran.
Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty in 1796, in order to remain within close reach of Iran's territories in the Caucasus, before being separated from Iran as a result of the Russo-Iranian Wars, and to avoid the vying factions of the previously ruling Iranian dynasties. The capital has been moved several times throughout the history, and Tehran is the 32nd national capital of Iran. Large scale demolition and rebuilding began in the 1920s, and Tehran has been a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran since the 20th century.Tehran is home to many historical collections, including the royal complexes of Golestan, Sa'dabad, and Niavaran, where the two last dynasties of the former Imperial State of Iran were seated. Tehran's most famous landmarks include the Azadi Tower, a memorial built under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1971 to mark the 2,500th year of the foundation of the Imperial State of Iran, and the Milad Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower which was completed in 2007. The Tabiat Bridge, a newly-built landmark, was completed in 2014.The majority of the population of Tehran are Persian-speaking people, and roughly 99% of the population understand and speak Persian, but there are large populations of other ethno-linguistic groups who live in Tehran and speak Persian as a second language.Tehran has an international airport (Imam Khomeini Airport) , a domestic airport (Mehrabad Airport), a central railway station, the rapid transit system of Tehran Metro, a bus rapid transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways.
There have been plans to relocate Iran's capital from Tehran to another area, due mainly to air pollution and the city's exposure to earthquakes. To date, no definitive plans have been approved. A 2016 survey of 230 cities by consultant Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing destinations.October 6 is marked as Tehran Day based on a 2016 decision by members of the City Cou ...
Persian Constitutional Revolution | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Persian Constitutional Revolution
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Persian Constitutional Revolution (Persian: مشروطیت Mashrūtiyyat, or انقلاب مشروطه Enghelāb-e Mashrūteh), also known as the Constitutional Revolution of Iran, took place between 1905 and 1911. The revolution led to the establishment of a parliament in Persia (Iran) during the Qajar Dynasty.The Revolution opened the way for cataclysmic change in Persia, heralding the modern era. It saw a period of unprecedented debate in a burgeoning press. The revolution created new opportunities and opened up seemingly boundless possibilities for Persia’s future. Many different groups fought to shape the course of the Revolution, and all sections of society were ultimately to be in some way changed by it. The old order, which king Nassereddin Shah Qajar had struggled for so long to sustain, finally died, to be replaced by new institutions, new forms of expression, and a new social and political order.
The monarch Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar signed the constitution in 1906, but he died shortly after and was replaced by Mohammad Ali Shah. The latter abolished the constitution and bombarded the parliament with Russian and British support in 1908. This led to another pro-constitutional movement. The constitutionalist forces marched to Tehran, forced Muhammad Ali Shah's abdication in favor of his young son Ahmad Shah Qajar and then re-established the constitution in 1909.
The 1921 Persian Coup (Persian: کودتای ۳ اسفند ۱۲۹۹) refers to several major events in Iran (Persia) in 1921, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty as the ruling house of the country in 1925. On December 12, 1925, Iran's parliament amended Iran's constitution of 1906–1907 to replace the Qajar dynasty (1797–1925) with the Pahlavi dynasty as the legitimate sovereigns of Iran.The movement did not end with the Revolution being put down in 1911 by the Russians, but was followed by the Jungle Movement of Gilan (1914-1921).