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Japanese war crimes
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SUMMARY
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War crimes of the Empire of Japan occurred in many Asia-Pacific countries during the period of Japanese imperialism, primarily during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. These incidents have been described as an Asian Holocaust. Some war crimes were committed by military personnel from the Empire of Japan in the late 19th century, although most took place during the first part of the Shōwa Era, the name given to the reign of Emperor Hirohito, until the surrender of the Empire of Japan in 1945. The war crimes involved the Imperial Japanese Army and the Imperial Japanese Navy under Emperor Hirohito and were responsible for the deaths of millions. Historical estimates of the number of deaths ranges between 3 and 14 million civilians and prisoners of war through massacre, human experimentation, starvation, and forced labor that was either directly perpetrated or condoned by the Japanese military and government. Some Japanese soldiers have admitted to committing these crimes. Airmen of the Imperial Japanese Army Air Service and Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service were not included as war criminals because there was no positive or specific customary international humanitarian law that prohibited the unlawful conduct of aerial warfare either before or during World War II. The Imperial Japanese Army Air Service took part in conducting chemical and biological attacks on enemy nationals during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II and the use of such weapons in warfare were generally prohibited by international agreements signed by Japan, including the Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907), which banned the use of poison or poisoned weapons in warfare.Since the 1950s, senior Japanese Government officials have issued numerous apologies for the country's war crimes. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs states that the country acknowledges its role in causing tremendous damage and suffering during World War II, especially in regard to the IJA entrance into Nanjing during which Japanese soldiers killed a large number of non-combatants and engaged in looting and rape. That being said, some members of the Liberal Democratic Party in the Japanese government such as former prime minister Junichiro Koizumi and current Prime Minister Shinzō Abe have prayed at the Yasukuni Shrine, which includes convicted Class A war criminals in its honored war dead. Some Japanese history textbooks only offer brief references to the various war crimes, and members of the Liberal Democratic Party have denied some of the atrocities such as government involvement in abducting women to serve as comfort women (sex slaves). Allied authorities found that Koreans and Taiwanese serving in the forces of the Empire of Japan also committed war crimes, in addition to Japanese military and civil personnel.
3/4 MISSIONE DEL PARTITO NAZIONALE FASCISTA NEL GIAPPONE
National Archives and Records Administration - ARC 43829, LI 242-MID-2819 - MISSIONE DEL PARTITO NAZIONALE FASCISTA NEL GIAPPONE (Reel 1 of 4) - DVD Copied by Nick Stoller. Series: Motion Picture Films From G-2 Army Military Intelligence Division, compiled 1918 - ca. 1947. SUMMARY: March 1938: Reception of Party mission under Farinacci in Japan. Arrival at Nagasaki. Night at Unzen. Shimonoseki. Tokyo, March 19 to April 1: Visit to Prime Minister Konoye. Lantern parade; visit to Imperial Palace (party shown in inner palace grounds returning from audience with the Emperor); Japanese diet; Imperial University Judu al Kolokan demonstration (Jiu Jitsu) at University; Meiji Shinto shrine; fencing demonstration at War College; exhibition of kubukiya dance. Nikko: splendid scenic views; popular acclamation. Speeches by Farinacci and Konoye. Yokohama: Italian Consulate. Kamakura: Buddhist shrines, and reception by Japanese movie stars at the studios. Kawana: Splendid scenic views of mountains and sea. Hakane: View of Mount Fuji. Takarazuka: Operetta performance, singing of Giovinezza at the theater; Japanese chorus girl saying: Vi ringraziamo con tutto il cuore (We thank you with all our hearts). Tea ceremony offered by Baron Okura. Party leaving Tokyo by train. Nagoya: Vestiges of feudal Japan; huge castle. Shima: Pearl fishing. Kyoto: Historical monuments. Down the Hozogawa: Party shown boating over the rapids of the Hozogawa River. Nara: Shrine and park, ceremonial bell ringing, feeding the deer. Osaka: Industrial plants at Osaka. Exhibition of sumo (Japanese wrestling). Fukuoko: Largest city of western Japan. Garden party. From Shimonoseki to Fuzan and Keijo (capital of Korea). Open-air gymnastic exhibit (children drilling with sticks). 24 April: Party shown leaving by train for Manchuria and North China. Harbin: Old Russian cathedral. White Russians among vast crowds welcoming the mission. Hsinking: Capital of Manchukuo. Bridges and railroad station. Palace of the Governor. Population: l,000,000. Buildings in modern style. Great Public manifestation. Nazi, Manchukuo, Japanese, Italian flags. Pigeons released. Celebration at night, fireworks. Darien: Visit to theGovernor. Youth of New Japan puts on a spectacle. Kendo: Large groups in armor and masks. Mission embarks for trip home.