L119172
(30 Jul 1986) QUOTE REF EGYPT: Egyptian pilgrims leave for Mecca.
SYND ----------------------------------------------------------
30.7.86 SHOWS
EGYPT Pilgrims entering Cairo airport: groups of pilgrims
Cairo chanting Islamic psalms: immigration checking: passport
control: two female pilgrims in prayer: male pilgrim on
phone: Chairman of Egyptair remarks in English and checking
over pilgrims:
Suez Ship at dock: passport control: more shots pilgrims chanting
and praying: police bands playing music: shots pilgrims
and families saying farewells: GVs ship: pilgrims peering
from portholes on ship: gangway withdrawn: doors closed:
ship rolls away:
DATE SHOT: JULY 86
KCS 525(Natsot) WTN(Farouk) 20.00mins
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Photographing Tutankhamun: How the Camera Helped Create “King Tut”
Christina Riggs, Professor of the History of Art and Archaeology, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom
When Howard Carter found the sealed entrance to Tutankhamun’s tomb in 1922, he secured the services of archaeological photographer Harry Burton to document the site. Over the course of ten years, Burton produced more than 3,000 glass negatives of the tomb, its contents, and the many people—including Egyptian men, women, and children—who participated in the excavation. Christina Riggs will discuss how Burton’s photography helped create “King Tut” at a pivotal time for both Egypt and archaeology, and how revisiting these images today is changing perceptions of twentieth-century archaeological research in Egypt.
Lecture. Free and open to the public.
Wednesday, November 7, 2018
Divine Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt
Salima Ikram, Visiting Professor, Yale University; Distinguished University Professor, Department of Sociology, Egyptology and Anthropology, The American University in Cairo
The relationship between humans and animals is complex, with mutual dependencies that are practical, psychological, and even theological. Ancient Egyptian animal mummies are a particular manifestation of this web of interrelations. Salima Ikram discussed different types of Egyptian animal mummies and explained how and why they were made, the theological and aesthetic decisions that went into their “packaging,” and what each type meant to the ancient Egyptians. She also illustrated how animal mummies shape perceptions of ancient Egypt and influence contemporary thought and art.
Recorded Oct. 12, 2017.
Wonderful Film of 1930's flight from London to Cape Town. Archive film 5457
By Air to South Africa by Imperial Airways 1930's
marvellous scenes of refuel stops in the middle of nowhere, and the diesel poured into the plane with the aid of funnels and the most basic oil drums. Passenger travel taking two weeks instead of six.
Croydon airport, flying boats, Brindisi to Athens, Egypt and the pyramids, Heliopolis, Karnak, Luxor, Tutankhamun tombs, Aswan dam, Abu Simbul ( before it was moved), Wadi Halfa, Khartoum in the Sudan,, Auliya, Elephants at Juba, Entebbe, Lake Victoria, Nairobi in Kenya, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Dodoma, Mbeya, Mpika, Broken Hill, Laska in Northern Rhodesia, Zambesi river, Salisbury Bulawayo, Cecil Rhodes Memorial, Limpopo river, Transvaal, Pietersburg, Pretoria, Robert Heights, Johannesburg, Kimberley, Cape town in South Africa. All by aircraft with stops to refuel at the above places. The days when flying was slow !
Croydon Tower. Viewing balcony. Hp42 Heracles aircraft positioning on apron for flight. DH86 Express in background. Checking passports. HP42 starting its Bristol Jupiter engines. Chocks away. G-AAXC plane taxying. It takes off straight ahead followed by a turn left towards Purley. 'Shadow' on the ground (in fact a different aeroplane, the Boulton Paul P71 Boadicea or Britomart, used only for VIP or charter flights). Flying over south east England. Aerial view of an aerodrome with an 'L' in a circle, possibly Lympne. Cockpit scenes. Aircraft has controls for four engines. Scenes in the radio room in the airport. Plotting table for triangulation. HP42 flies by. Then over the sea to northern France. To Le Bourget airfield. Landing over a squadron of French fighter planes, probably over Dugny base on the far side of the airfield. Touching down by the airfield sign which looks like the London Transport logo with a bar through a circle. Taxiing to the terminal past a Hillman Airways DH Dragon plus Morane and Caudron types. Past the aviation terminal. Buffet.
On to Brindisi. Boarding the short S17 Kent flying boat G-ABFC for the trip to Athens, Greece. During refuelling the passengers disembark through a big cargo door. They are taken ashore by a launch for a sightseeing tour of Athens, the Parthenon and the Royal Palace. They then get back on board the flying boat. The galley. A steward serves coffee and biscuits.
On to Alexandria in the S17 G-ABFB Sylvanus. Into the Imperial Airways office. Then onto Cairo flying over the Pyramids. Passengers then transfer to Heliopolis to continue the flight by HP42 G-AAXE Hengist. The airfield is compacted sand. No runways. During take off the HP42 passes over the RAF camp and Vickers Valentias and Westland Wapitis are seen. Flying over the suburbs of Cairo, Egypt. Over the pyramids again and turn on course for Assuit where the aircraft takes a refuelling stop. Upside down shot of the engines. Down the Nile. On to Cape Town via East Africa
ظهور العذراء. virgin mary virgin mary appears in egypt
virgin mary appears in egypt shoking true or false churche mary mariam miriam
3D Jesus
in the chapel during prayer today
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
00:01:39 1 Geography
00:05:11 2 Climate
00:08:57 2.1 Temperature
00:14:22 2.2 Precipitation
00:17:25 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate
00:20:42 2.3.1 Evidence for cycles
00:23:48 3 Ecoregions
00:27:52 4 Flora and fauna
00:31:54 5 History
00:33:04 5.1 Kiffians
00:34:17 5.2 Tenerians
00:36:01 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy
00:37:45 5.4 Nubians
00:38:52 5.5 Egyptians
00:40:33 5.6 Phoenicians
00:41:28 5.7 Greeks
00:42:09 5.8 Urban civilization
00:43:14 5.9 Berbers
00:43:38 5.10 Islamic and Arabic expansion
00:44:25 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era
00:45:25 5.12 European colonialism
00:47:36 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards
00:49:13 6 People and languages
00:51:01 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Swastika | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Swastika
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The swastika (as a character 卐 or 卍) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon from the cultures of Eurasia, where it is a symbol of divinity and spirituality in some Eastern religions. In the Western world it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan race identity and, as a result, was stigmatized by association with ideas of racism and antisemitism.The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक), pronounced swastika in Sanskrit and swastik in Hindi and other languages which drop a short final ‘a’. and denotes conducive to well being or auspicious. In Hinduism, the clockwise symbol is called swastika, symbolizing surya (sun), prosperity and good luck, while the counterclockwise symbol is called sauvastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali. In Jainism, a swastika is the symbol for Suparshvanatha—the seventh of 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers and saviours), while in Buddhism it symbolizes the auspicious footprints of the Buddha.
The swastika is an icon widely found in human history and the modern world. In various forms it is alternatively known in various European languages as the Hakenkreuz, gammadion, cross cramponnée, croix gammée, fylfot or tetraskelion and in East Asia as the wàn 卐/卍/萬, meaning all things, and the manji. A swastika generally takes the form of a cross whose arms are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. It is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork.The swastika was adopted by several organizations in pre–World War I Europe and later, and most notably, by the Nazi Party and Nazi Germany prior to World War II. It was used by the Nazi Party to symbolize German nationalistic pride. To Jews and the enemies of Nazi Germany, it became a symbol of antisemitism and terror. In many Western countries, the swastika is viewed as a symbol of racial supremacy and intimidation because of its association with Nazism. The reverence for the swastika symbol in Asian cultures, in contrast to the stigma in the West, has led to misinterpretations and misunderstandings.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:52 1 Geography
00:05:43 2 Climate
00:09:49 2.1 Temperature
00:15:32 2.2 Precipitation
00:18:48 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate
00:22:24 2.3.1 Evidence for cycles
00:25:45 3 Ecoregions
00:30:09 4 Flora and fauna
00:34:38 5 History
00:35:55 5.1 Kiffians
00:37:15 5.2 Tenerians
00:39:09 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy
00:41:02 5.4 Nubians
00:42:17 5.5 Egyptians
00:44:05 5.6 Phoenicians
00:45:06 5.7 Greeks
00:45:51 5.8 Urban civilization
00:47:02 5.9 Berbers
00:47:29 5.10 Islamic and Arabic expansion
00:48:20 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era
00:49:25 5.12 European colonialism
00:51:45 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards
00:53:29 6 People and languages
00:55:27 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8753809494458954
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is a desert located on the African continent. It is the largest hot desert in the world, and the third largest desert overall after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by the precession of the Earth's axis as it rotates around the Sun, which changes the location of the North African Monsoon. The area is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Swastika | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:15 1 Etymology and nomenclature
00:06:40 2 Appearance
00:08:28 2.1 Written characters
00:09:54 3 Meaning of the symbol
00:10:25 3.1 North pole
00:12:48 3.2 Comet
00:14:18 4 Prehistory
00:17:30 5 Historical use
00:18:44 5.1 South Asia
00:18:53 5.1.1 Jainism
00:20:10 5.1.2 Hinduism
00:21:58 5.1.3 Swastika shaped temple tank
00:22:30 5.1.4 Buddhism
00:23:20 5.2 East Asia
00:26:06 5.3 Northern Europe
00:26:15 5.3.1 Sami (Finland)
00:26:58 5.3.2 Germanic Iron Age
00:28:54 5.3.3 Slavic
00:32:32 5.3.4 Celts
00:33:45 5.4 Greco-Roman antiquity
00:35:53 5.5 Illyrians
00:36:17 5.6 Armenia
00:37:32 5.7 Medieval and early modern Europe
00:40:45 5.8 Africa
00:41:02 5.9 Americas
00:41:23 5.10 Early 20th century
00:43:40 5.10.1 Europe
00:43:48 5.10.1.1 Britain
00:44:38 5.10.1.2 Denmark
00:45:13 5.10.1.3 Ireland
00:45:53 5.10.1.4 Finland
00:47:00 5.10.1.4.1 Finnish military
00:49:13 5.10.1.5 Latvia
00:50:36 5.10.1.6 Lithuania
00:50:54 5.10.1.7 Poland
00:51:23 5.10.1.8 Sweden
00:52:06 5.10.1.9 Norway
00:52:56 5.10.2 North America
00:56:09 6 Nazism
00:56:19 6.1 Use in Nazism
01:04:09 6.2 Use by anti-Nazis
01:04:37 6.3 Post–World War II stigmatization
01:05:44 6.3.1 Germany
01:09:13 6.3.2 Legislation in other European countries
01:11:02 6.3.3 Attempted ban in the European Union
01:12:29 6.3.4 Latin America
01:13:22 6.3.5 United States
01:14:43 6.3.6 Media
01:16:51 7 Contemporary use
01:17:01 7.1 Asia
01:17:09 7.1.1 Central Asia
01:17:58 7.1.2 East and Southeast Asia
01:20:01 7.1.3 Indian subcontinent
01:21:13 7.1.4 Western misinterpretation of Asian use
01:23:08 7.2 New religious movements
01:25:32 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7009254982709057
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The swastika or sauwastika (as a character, 卐 or 卍, respectively) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon in the cultures of Eurasia. It is used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions. In the Western world, it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan identity and, as a result, was stigmatized by its association with racism and antisemitism.The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक) meaning 'conducive to well being' or 'auspicious'. In Hinduism, the symbol with arms pointing clockwise (卐) is called swastika, symbolizing surya ('sun'), prosperity and good luck, while the counterclockwise symbol (卍) is called sauvastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali. In Jainism, a swastika is the symbol for Suparshvanatha—the 7th of 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers and saviours), while in Buddhism it symbolizes the auspicious footprints of the Buddha. In several major Indo-European religions, the swastika symbolizes lightning bolts, representing the thunder god and the king of the gods, such as Indra in Vedic Hinduism, Zeus in the ancient Greek religion, Jupiter in the ancient Roman religion, and Thor in the ancient Germanic religion.The swastika is an icon which is widely found in both human history and the modern world. In various forms, it is otherwise known (in various European languages) as the 'fylfot, gammadion, tetraskelion, or cross cramponnée (a term in Anglo-Norman heraldry); German: Hakenkreuz; French: croix gammée. In China it is named wàn 卐 / 卍 / 萬, meaning 'all things', pronounced manji in Japanese. A swastika generally takes the form of a cross, the arms of which are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. The symbol is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia, as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork.The swastika was adopted by several organizations in pre–World War I Europe, and later ...
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:15 1 Geography
00:07:00 2 Climate
00:12:05 2.1 Temperature
00:19:21 2.2 Precipitation
00:23:24 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate
00:27:49 2.3.1 Evidence for cycles
00:31:58 3 Ecoregions
00:37:24 4 Flora and fauna
00:42:53 5 History
00:44:26 5.1 Kiffians
00:46:03 5.2 Tenerians
00:48:22 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy
00:50:42 5.4 Nubians
00:52:09 5.5 Egyptians
00:54:24 5.6 Phoenicians
00:55:37 5.7 Greeks
00:56:31 5.8 Urban civilization
00:57:56 5.9 Berbers
00:58:27 5.10 Islamic and Arabic expansion
00:59:27 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era
01:00:47 5.12 European colonialism
01:03:41 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards
01:05:49 6 People and languages
01:08:13 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7252207617302374
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Timeline of Christianity | Wikipedia audio article
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Timeline of Christianity
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SUMMARY
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The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed account of Christianity from the beginning of the current era (AD) to the present. Question marks ('?') on dates indicate approximate dates.
The year one is the first year in the Christian calendar (there is no year zero), which is the calendar presently used (in unison with the Gregorian calendar) almost everywhere in the world. Traditionally, this was held to be the year Jesus was born; however, most modern scholars argue for an earlier or later date, the most agreed upon being between 6 BC and 4 BC.
6 Herod Archelaus deposed by Augustus; Samaria, Judea and Idumea annexed as Iudaea Province under direct Roman administration, capital at Caesarea, Quirinius became Legate (Governor) of Syria, conducted Census of Quirinius, opposed by Zealots (JA18, Luke 2:1–3, Acts 5:37)
7-26 Brief period of peace, relatively free of revolt and bloodshed in Iudaea & Galilee
9 Pharisee leader Hillel the Elder dies, temporary rise of Shammai
14-37 Tiberius, Roman Emperor
18-36 Caiaphas, appointed High Priest of Herod's Temple by Prefect Valerius Gratus, deposed by Syrian Legate Lucius Vitellius
19 Jews, Jewish proselytes, astrologers, expelled from Rome
26-36 Pontius Pilate, Prefect (governor) of Iudaea, recalled to Rome by Syrian Legate Vitellius on complaints of excess violence (JA18.4.2)
28 or 29 John the Baptist begins his ministry in the 15th year of Tiberius (Luke 3:1–2), saying: Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near (Matthew 3:1–2), a relative of Jesus (Luke 1:36), a Nazirite (Luke 1:15), baptized Jesus (Mark 1:4–11), later arrested and beheaded by Herod Antipas (Luke 3:19–20), it's possible that, according to Josephus' chronology, John was not killed until 36 (JA18.5.2)Jesus begins his ministry after his baptism by John and during the rule of Pilate, preaching: Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near (Matthew 4:12–17). While the historicity of the gospel accounts is questioned to some extent by some critical scholars and non-Christians, the traditional view states the following chronology for his ministry: Temptation, Sermon on the Mount, Appointment of the Twelve, Miracles, Temple Money Changers, Last Supper, Arrest, Trial, Passion, Crucifixion on Nisan 14th (John 19:14,Mark 14:2, Gospel of Peter) or Nisan 15th (Synoptic Gospels), entombment by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus, Resurrection by God and Resurrection appearances of Jesus to Mary Magdalene and other women (Mark 16:9, John 20:10–18), Simon Peter (Luke 24:34), and others, (1Cor.15:3–9), Great Commission, Ascension, Second Coming Prophecy to fulfill the rest of Messianic prophecy such as the Resurrection of the dead, the Last Judgment, and establishment of the Kingdom of God and the Messianic Age.
Swastika | Wikipedia audio article | Wikipedia audio article
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Swastika | Wikipedia audio article
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
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The swastika (as a character 卐 or 卍) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon from the cultures of Eurasia, where it is a symbol of divinity and spirituality in some Eastern religions. In the Western world it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan race identity and, as a result, was stigmatized by association with ideas of racism and antisemitism.The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक), pronounced swastika in Sanskrit and swastik in Hindi and other languages which drop a short final ‘a’. and denotes conducive to well being or auspicious. In Hinduism, the clockwise symbol is called swastika, symbolizing surya (sun), prosperity and good luck, while the counterclockwise symbol is called sauvastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali. In Jainism, a swastika is the symbol for Suparshvanatha—the seventh of 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers and saviours), while in Buddhism it symbolizes the auspicious footprints of the Buddha.
The swastika is an icon widely found in human history and the modern world. In various forms it is alternatively known in various European languages as the Hakenkreuz, gammadion, cross cramponnée, croix gammée, fylfot or tetraskelion and in East Asia as the wàn 卐/卍/萬, meaning all things, and the manji. A swastika generally takes the form of a cross whose arms are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. It is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork.The swastika was adopted by several organizations in pre–World War I Europe and later, and most notably, by the Nazi Party and Nazi Germany prior to World War II. It was used by the Nazi Party to symbolize German nationalistic pride. To Jews and the enemies of Nazi Germany, it became a symbol of antisemitism and terror. In many Western countries, the swastika is viewed as a symbol of racial supremacy and intimidation because of its association with Nazism. The reverence for the swastika symbol in Asian cultures, in contrast to the stigma in the West, has led to misinterpretations and misunderstandings.