Umm Kulthum
Umm Kulthum, born Fātimah ʾIbrāhīm as-Sayyid al-Biltāǧībɾɑˈhiːm esˈsæjjed elbelˈtæːɡi]; see Kunya) on an uncertain date and who died February 3, 1975, was an internationally famous Egyptian singer, songwriter, and film actress of the 1920s to the 1970s. She is given the honorific title, Kawkab al-Sharq كوكب الشرق in Arabic.
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Egypt | Wikipedia audio article
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00:05:25 1 Names
00:06:22 2 History
00:06:31 2.1 Prehistory and Ancient Egypt
00:10:41 2.1.1 Achaemenid Egypt
00:12:18 2.2 Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt
00:14:19 2.3 Middle Ages (7th century – 1517)
00:16:37 2.4 Abbasid period
00:17:36 2.4.1 The Fatimid Caliphate and the Mamluks
00:18:23 2.5 Early modern: Ottoman Egypt (1517–1867)
00:20:01 2.5.1 The Muhammad Ali dynasty
00:23:17 2.6 The European intrusion (1867–1914)
00:25:40 2.7 British protectorate (1882–1952)
00:27:53 2.8 Republic (1953–present)
00:28:28 2.8.1 Tenure of President Nasser (1956–1970)
00:33:26 2.8.2 Tenure of President Sadat (1970–1981)
00:35:42 2.8.3 Tenure of President Mubarak (1981–2011)
00:40:04 2.8.4 Revolution and aftermath (2011–2014)
00:44:35 3 Geography
00:47:16 3.1 Climate
00:50:18 3.2 Biodiversity
00:52:25 4 Government
00:55:31 4.1 Law
00:57:51 4.1.1 Human rights
01:03:02 4.1.2 Freedom of the press
01:03:52 4.2 Military and foreign relations
01:10:21 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:10:48 5 Economy
01:17:20 5.1 Tourism
01:18:39 5.2 Energy
01:19:45 5.3 Transport
01:21:34 5.3.1 Suez Canal
01:23:50 5.4 Water supply and sanitation
01:25:18 5.5 Irrigated land and crops
01:26:14 6 Demographics
01:28:39 6.1 Ethnic groups
01:30:48 6.2 Languages
01:32:13 6.3 Religion
01:37:06 6.4 Largest cities
01:37:15 7 Culture
01:39:07 7.1 Arts
01:40:25 7.2 Literature
01:41:49 7.3 Media
01:42:16 7.4 Cinema
01:43:19 7.5 Music
01:44:24 7.6 Dances
01:45:01 7.7 Museums
01:46:47 7.8 Festivals
01:47:45 7.9 Cuisine
01:49:05 7.10 Sports
01:53:46 8 Telecommunication
01:54:29 8.1 Post
01:55:04 8.2 Social Media
01:55:26 9 Education
01:58:40 10 Health
02:01:14 11 See also
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SUMMARY
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Egypt ( (listen) EE-jipt; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which has endured, and often assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman Turkish, and Nubian. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority.
From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers: The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. However, British military occupation of Egypt continued, and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British oc ...