HM King Harald V ROYAL PALACE OSLO - GERALD DUKE OF SUTHERLAND British Monarchy Identity Theft Case
BRITISH MONARCHY PRESS OFFICE - OFCOM DSMA-NOTICE NEWS MEDIA BLACKOUT:
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: I
British Royal Family well seasoned commentators are believed to have remarked that the genesis of the Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland identity theft case lies in the forging of the birth certificate which effectively brought about a wide cadre of public figures who took advantage following the death of his mother and father respectively HRH The Princess Marina Duchess of Kent and George 5th Duke of Sutherland later HRH Prince Edward Duke of Windsor and Sir Winston S. Churchill both godfathers to Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland during the formative years.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: II
The Carroll Foundation Charitable Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft liquidation bank fraud case has revealed that the explosive Scotland Yard criminal “standard of proof” prosecution files contain a forensic evidential paper trail surrounding the fraudulent incorporation of HRH Charles Prince of Wales and Gerald Carroll Trusts companies which were specifically incorporated to impulse this massive City of London bank fraud heist spanning the globe.
UK Companies House “leaked” source have disclosed that the Prince’s Trust and Gerald Carroll Trusts fraudulent “dummy companies” which are named in the dossiers include the PYBT Development Fund (Northern) Ltd and the Prince’s Youth Business Trust (Southern) Ltd. Sources have said that the Prince Charles Gerald Carroll Trusts organisations focused on the major funding of young entrepreneurs within the much needed manufacturing industrial sector of the British economy.
Further sources have said that the priceless Carroll Foundation Trust trophies have also been named in the files concerning the theft of the entire collection which had a three million dollar valuation. It is understood that the trophies were a “central feature” in the wide ranging management of the Gerald Carroll Trusts good causes which involved the HM Queen Elizabeth II HRH Prince Edward Duke of Kent and HRH Charles Prince of Wales patronages.
Scotland Yard leaked sources have said that files are “centered around” the Red Cross the Royal Society of Portrait Painters the Royal Air Force Association the Royal Air Force Benevolent the Prince’s Trust the world renowned Carroll Chair of Irish History attached to Hertford College Oxford University and the Carroll House Annapolis Maryland Trust to name but a few.
In a stunning twist it has emerged that Sir Tom Shebbeare the former comptroller of the Prince’s Trust and HRH Charles Prince of Wales charities has been named as an “expert witness” concerning these shocking revelations in the Gerald Carroll Trusts debacle.
The Carroll Foundation Trust files are held within a complete lockdown at the FBI Washington DC field office and the Metropolitan Police Service Scotland Yard London under the supervision of the Commissioner Cressida Dick QPM who has an intimate knowledge of this major case of international importance.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: III
The Carroll Foundation Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft offshore tax fraud bribery case which is encircling the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales Lord Ian Burnett has disclosed that two High Court Judges respectively the recently retired Sir David Eady and the Lady Justice Sharp are understood to be both seriously implicated in this case of international importance.
Sources have confirmed that the explosive FBI Scotland Yard “cross-border” criminal “standard of proof” prosecution files contain a compelling evidential paper trail which surrounds the Sir David Eady and the Lady Justice Sharp “close links” with the “targeted” Withersworldwide and Goodman Derrick law firms trans-national crime syndicate who are known to have executed this massive bank fraud heist operation that stretches the globe.
The Carroll Foundation Trust files are held within a complete lockdown at the FBI Washington DC field office and the Metropolitan Police Service Scotland Yard London under the supervision of the Commissioner Cressida Dick QPM who is known to have an intimate knowledge of this major public interest case.
International News Networks: I
International News Networks: II
1/2 ☆ Huguenot Funeral Of Crown Princess Martha Bernadotte Of Norway (1954) British Pathé
Huguenot Funeral Of Crown Princess Martha Of Norway (1954) British Pathé - Oslo, Norway - Crown Princess Martha Bernadotte on death bed. The Royal Castle in Oslo. Porch of the Castle with the Royal (Bernadotte) flag (with Huguenot lion on red blood) in mourning. Guardsman in foreground. Flags in the main street of Oslo. Picture of the Crown Princess in a store window. People gathered in front of the store window. People gathered in front of the store window. Shield of Arms of U.S. Embassy. US Embassy with flag at half mast. LS. British flag at half mast at the British Embassy, pan down to British Ambassador Sir Michael Wright. Sir Michael Wright is looking against the flag, and is taking off his hat. Flag outside British Embassy at half mast. Pan from CU.. of the King's car, to the porch of the Crown Prince's Residence outside Oslo. The Royal Mausoleum. Crown Princess Martha on death bed. (& CU..) (Orig. Neg.)
Escutcheon Gules, a lion rampant Or, crowned and bearing an axe Or with blade Argent
For the royal version, the following is added:
the shield on a mantle Purple lined Ermine, crowned Or
The specification for the lion on the Royal standard has never been changed. The 1905 version is still in use. However, the lion on the Norwegian coat of arms changed from the 1905 version in 1937, and the result is two very diverging drawings. In the 1937 coat of arms the lion's paws and claws are almost those of a bird. The whole drawing is strictly flat or 'stylized'. This redrawing was the work of state archivist Hallvard Trætteberg - his ideas about heraldry strongly influenced public heraldry since the early 1930s (see for instance the county flags). There have been minor changes to the lion in the coat of arms - most recently in 1994. So, a picture of the Royal standard with the coat of arms lion is wrong. The Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs produced some very attractive brochures on the flag and arms last year - also mainly in Norwegian but with nice pictures (Jan Oskar Engene, 24 November 1995)
crwflags.com
FOR 1927-05-20 nr 3729: Forskrift angående bruk av Rikets segl og Riksvåbenet. Lovdata lest 3. april 2013.
The badge of the Order is a white enamelled Maltese Cross, in silver for the knight class and in gilt of the higher classes; crowned monograms O (for Oscar) appear between the arms of the cross. The obverse central disc is red with the golden Norwegian lion rampart bearing a battle axe; the reverse disc bears the King Olav's motto «Ret og Sandhed» – Justice and Truth in Norwegian; both discs are surrounded by a white-blue-white ring. The cross is topped by a crown; military awards have crossed swords between the crown and the cross.
Oscar I (born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte; 4 July 1799 – 8 July 1859) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1844 to his death. When, in August 1810, his father Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected Crown Prince of Sweden, Oscar and his mother moved from Paris to Stockholm (June 1811). Oscar's father was the first ruler of the current House of Bernadotte. Oscar's mother was Désirée Clary, Napoleon Bonaparte's first fiancée. Her sister, Julie Clary, was married to Napoleon's brother, Joseph Bonaparte. Désirée chose Napoleon to be Oscar's godfather.
French Huguenot fourth rate ship 'Lion d'Or' (0000)
Lion d'Or, 17696. Nominal Guns, 24, NNF-1610. Nationality, French Huguenot, NNF-1610. Acquired, Unknown, NNF-1610. Shipyard, Unknown, NNF-1610.
In the Platonic, Neopythagorean, Middle Platonic, and Neoplatonic schools of philosophy, the demiurge (/ˈdɛmiˌɜrdʒ/) is an artisan-like figure responsible for the fashioning and maintenance of the physical universe. The term was subsequently adopted by the Gnostics.
Catharism apparently inherited their idea of Satan as the creator of the evil world from Gnosticism. Quispel writes,
There is a direct link between ancient Gnosticism and Catharism. The Cathars held that the creator of the world, Satanael, had usurped the name of God, but that he had subsequently been unmasked and told that he was not really God.[39]
Norway Royal Family HOUSE OF GLÜCKSBURG British Monarchy Gerald Duke of Sutherland Identity Exposé
ROYAL FAMILY MEDIA CENTRE DSMA-NOTICE NEWS MEDIA BLACKOUT:
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: I
British Royal Family well seasoned commentators are believed to have remarked that the genesis of the Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland identity theft case lies in the forging of the birth certificate which effectively brought about a wide cadre of public figures who took advantage following the death of his mother and father respectively HRH The Princess Marina Duchess of Kent and George 5th Duke of Sutherland later HRH Prince Edward Duke of Windsor and Sir Winston S. Churchill both godfathers to Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland during the formative years.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: II
The Carroll Foundation Charitable Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft case has revealed that the Scotland Yard criminal prosecution files contain a forensic evidential paper trail surrounding the fraudulent incorporation of HRH Charles Prince of Wales and Gerald Carroll Trusts companies which were specifically incorporated to impulse this massive City of London bank fraud heist spanning the globe.
UK Companies House “leaked” source have disclosed that the Prince’s Trust and Gerald Carroll Trusts fraudulent “dummy companies” which are named in the dossiers include the PYBT Development Fund (Northern) Ltd and the Prince’s Youth Business Trust (Southern) Ltd. Sources have said that the Prince Charles Gerald Carroll Trusts organisations focused on the major funding of young entrepreneurs within the much needed manufacturing industrial sector of the British economy.
Further sources have said that the priceless Carroll Foundation Trust trophies have also been named in the files concerning the theft of the entire collection which had a three million dollar valuation. It is understood that the trophies were a “central feature” in the wide ranging management of the Gerald Carroll Trusts good causes which involved the HM Queen Elizabeth II HRH Prince Edward Duke of Kent and HRH Charles Prince of Wales patronages.
Scotland Yard leaked sources have said that files are “centered around” the Red Cross the Royal Society of Portrait Painters the Royal Air Force Association the Royal Air Force Benevolent the Prince’s Trust the world renowned Carroll Chair of Irish History attached to Hertford College Oxford University and the Carroll House Annapolis Maryland Trust to name but a few.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: III
The Carroll Foundation Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft case which is encircling the Attorney General Geoffrey Cox QC has revealed that the HM Government use of the Official Secrets Act and a startling array of DSMA-Notice news media blackout protocols is thought to be the spectacular end game in this case of international importance.
Sources have revealed that the Farrer & Co law firm media partner Julian Pike who is known to represent the Rupert Murdoch News Corporation empire and Sky News are thought to be “closely monitoring” the unfolding developments in a case “centered around” the George 5th Duke of Sutherland estate and the Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust Gerald J. H. Carroll “life tenant” worldwide interests.
Further sources have confirmed that one of Gerald Carroll’s lawyers Withersworldwide based in the City of London fraudulently incorporated a shadow “criminal parallel trust” which embezzled a bewildering two hundred and fifty million dollars of Gerald Carroll's huge treasury investment holdings in this massive bank fraud spanning three continents.
10 Downing Street leaked sources have said that the FBI Scotland Yard cross-border criminal “standard of proof” prosecution files contain twenty eight forged falsified UK Companies House and State of Delaware “registered” Carroll Trust Corporations which are “directly linked” to the fraudulent incorporation of Barclays International British Virgin Islands Bahamas Cayman Islands offshore accounts and HSBC International Gibraltar Jersey offshore accounts.
In a stunning twist the Queen’s bankers Coutts & Co former Chairman Lord David Douglas-Home is also seriously implicated in the parallel fraudulent incorporation of Coutts & Co Gerald J. H. Carroll accounts along with the systematic break-ins burglaries seizures and criminal theft offences “targeted” at the Carroll Foundation Trust multi-million dollar Eaton Square Belgravia penthouse and Westminster residences in central London covering a bizarre parallel six to eight year period.
The Carroll Foundation Trust files are held within a complete lockdown at Scotland Yard London under the supervision of the Commissioner Cressida Dick QPM who has an intimate knowledge of this case which stretches the globe.
International News Networks: I
International News Networks: II
International News Networks: III
King Harald V of Norway GERALD DUKE OF SUTHERLAND Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Identity
BRITISH MONARCHY PRESS OFFICE - OFCOM DSMA-NOTICE NEWS MEDIA BLACKOUT:
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: I
British Royal Family well seasoned commentators are believed to have remarked that the genesis of the Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland identity theft case lies in the forging of the birth certificate which effectively brought about a wide cadre of public figures who took advantage following the death of his mother and father respectively HRH The Princess Marina Duchess of Kent and George 5th Duke of Sutherland later HRH Prince Edward Duke of Windsor and Sir Winston S. Churchill both godfathers to Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland during the formative years.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: II
The Carroll Foundation Charitable Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft liquidation bank fraud case has revealed that the explosive Scotland Yard criminal “standard of proof” prosecution files contain a forensic evidential paper trail surrounding the fraudulent incorporation of HRH Charles Prince of Wales and Gerald Carroll Trusts companies which were specifically incorporated to impulse this massive City of London bank fraud heist spanning the globe.
UK Companies House “leaked” source have disclosed that the Prince’s Trust and Gerald Carroll Trusts fraudulent “dummy companies” which are named in the dossiers include the PYBT Development Fund (Northern) Ltd and the Prince’s Youth Business Trust (Southern) Ltd. Sources have said that the Prince Charles Gerald Carroll Trusts organisations focused on the major funding of young entrepreneurs within the much needed manufacturing industrial sector of the British economy.
Further sources have said that the priceless Carroll Foundation Trust trophies have also been named in the files concerning the theft of the entire collection which had a three million dollar valuation. It is understood that the trophies were a “central feature” in the wide ranging management of the Gerald Carroll Trusts good causes which involved the HM Queen Elizabeth II HRH Prince Edward Duke of Kent and HRH Charles Prince of Wales patronages.
Scotland Yard leaked sources have said that files are “centered around” the Red Cross the Royal Society of Portrait Painters the Royal Air Force Association the Royal Air Force Benevolent the Prince’s Trust the world renowned Carroll Chair of Irish History attached to Hertford College Oxford University and the Carroll House Annapolis Maryland Trust to name but a few.
In a stunning twist it has emerged that Sir Tom Shebbeare the former comptroller of the Prince’s Trust and HRH Charles Prince of Wales charities has been named as an “expert witness” concerning these shocking revelations in the Gerald Carroll Trusts debacle.
The Carroll Foundation Trust files are held within a complete lockdown at the FBI Washington DC field office and the Metropolitan Police Service Scotland Yard London under the supervision of the Commissioner Cressida Dick QPM who has an intimate knowledge of this major case of international importance.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: III
The Carroll Foundation Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft offshore tax fraud bribery case which is encircling the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales Lord Ian Burnett has disclosed that two High Court Judges respectively the recently retired Sir David Eady and the Lady Justice Sharp are understood to be both seriously implicated in this case of international importance.
Sources have confirmed that the explosive FBI Scotland Yard “cross-border” criminal “standard of proof” prosecution files contain a compelling evidential paper trail which surrounds the Sir David Eady and the Lady Justice Sharp “close links” with the “targeted” Withersworldwide and Goodman Derrick law firms trans-national crime syndicate who are known to have executed this massive bank fraud heist operation that stretches the globe.
The Carroll Foundation Trust files are held within a complete lockdown at the FBI Washington DC field office and the Metropolitan Police Service Scotland Yard London under the supervision of the Commissioner Cressida Dick QPM who is known to have an intimate knowledge of this major public interest case.
International News Networks: I
International News Networks: II
International News Networks: III
Royal Family of Norway HOUSE OF GLÜCKSBURG - GERALD DUKE OF SUTHERLAND British Monarchy Identity
BRITISH MONARCHY PRESS OFFICE - OFCOM DSMA-NOTICE NEWS MEDIA BLACKOUT:
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: I
British Royal Family well seasoned commentators are believed to have remarked that the genesis of the Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland identity theft case lies in the forging of the birth certificate which effectively brought about a wide cadre of public figures who took advantage following the death of his mother and father respectively HRH The Princess Marina Duchess of Kent and George 5th Duke of Sutherland later HRH Prince Edward Duke of Windsor and Sir Winston S. Churchill both godfathers to Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland during the formative years.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: II
The Carroll Foundation Charitable Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft liquidation bank fraud case has revealed that the explosive Scotland Yard criminal “standard of proof” prosecution files contain a forensic evidential paper trail surrounding the fraudulent incorporation of HRH Charles Prince of Wales and Gerald Carroll Trusts companies which were specifically incorporated to impulse this massive City of London bank fraud heist spanning the globe.
UK Companies House “leaked” source have disclosed that the Prince’s Trust and Gerald Carroll Trusts fraudulent “dummy companies” which are named in the dossiers include the PYBT Development Fund (Northern) Ltd and the Prince’s Youth Business Trust (Southern) Ltd. Sources have said that the Prince Charles Gerald Carroll Trusts organisations focused on the major funding of young entrepreneurs within the much needed manufacturing industrial sector of the British economy.
Further sources have said that the priceless Carroll Foundation Trust trophies have also been named in the files concerning the theft of the entire collection which had a three million dollar valuation. It is understood that the trophies were a “central feature” in the wide ranging management of the Gerald Carroll Trusts good causes which involved the HM Queen Elizabeth II HRH Prince Edward Duke of Kent and HRH Charles Prince of Wales patronages.
Scotland Yard leaked sources have said that files are “centered around” the Red Cross the Royal Society of Portrait Painters the Royal Air Force Association the Royal Air Force Benevolent the Prince’s Trust the world renowned Carroll Chair of Irish History attached to Hertford College Oxford University and the Carroll House Annapolis Maryland Trust to name but a few.
In a stunning twist it has emerged that Sir Tom Shebbeare the former comptroller of the Prince’s Trust and HRH Charles Prince of Wales charities has been named as an “expert witness” concerning these shocking revelations in the Gerald Carroll Trusts debacle.
The Carroll Foundation Trust files are held within a complete lockdown at the FBI Washington DC field office and the Metropolitan Police Service Scotland Yard London under the supervision of the Commissioner Cressida Dick QPM who has an intimate knowledge of this major case of international importance.
MAINSTREAM NEWS MEDIA EXTRACTS: III
The Carroll Foundation Trust and parallel Gerald 6th Duke of Sutherland Trust multi-billion dollar corporate identity theft offshore tax fraud bribery case which is encircling the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales Lord Ian Burnett has disclosed that two High Court Judges respectively the recently retired Sir David Eady and the Lady Justice Sharp are understood to be both seriously implicated in this case of international importance.
Sources have confirmed that the explosive FBI Scotland Yard “cross-border” criminal “standard of proof” prosecution files contain a compelling evidential paper trail which surrounds the Sir David Eady and the Lady Justice Sharp “close links” with the “targeted” Withersworldwide and Goodman Derrick law firms trans-national crime syndicate who are known to have executed this massive bank fraud heist operation that stretches the globe.
The Carroll Foundation Trust files are held within a complete lockdown at the FBI Washington DC field office and the Metropolitan Police Service Scotland Yard London under the supervision of the Commissioner Cressida Dick QPM who is known to have an intimate knowledge of this major public interest case.
International News Networks: I
International News Networks: II
International News Networks: III
Electric Burma - Concert in honor of Aung San Suu Kyi (Dublin)
On June 18, Aung San Suu Kyi flew to Dublin where, for the first time in history, she attended a concert in her honor outside Burma.
Aung San Suu Kyi received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. She spent 15 years under house arrest.
On the red carpet : Bob Geldof, Roger Moore, Martin Hayes
Check out vavavoomtv.ie for more celebrity news!
I went to a Mosque... Look what I saw!
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Did you know that there are over 2500 mosques in United States? Did you know that anyone including those who are not Muslim, can tour their local mosque anytime! 877-Why-Islam presents a visit to an American mosque.
Throughout Islamic history, the mosque was the center of the community and towns formed around this pivotal building. In the West mosques are integral parts of Islamic centers that also contain teaching and community facilities.
Mosques come in all shapes and sizes; they differ from region to region based on the density of the Muslim population in a certain area. There are never any images of life or statues in mosques.
877-Why-Islam presents a visit to an American mosque. In an ongoing effort to dispel misconceptions about Islam, 23 mosques will open their doors Sunday to the non-Muslim community
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Mogherini addresses World Leaders of the American Jewish Congress Global Forum in Washington DC
Mad Jack Churchill: A Life Too Unbelievable For Fiction
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Eugène Vidocq: The Father of Modern Criminology
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Council of Europe
The Council of Europe (CE) is an international organisation promoting co-operation between all countries of Europe in the areas of legal standards, human rights, democratic development, the rule of law and cultural co-operation. It was founded in 1949, has 47 member states with 820 million citizens, and is an entirely separate body from the European Union. It is not controlled by, and should not be confused with, the European Union. Unlike the European Union, the Council of Europe cannot make binding laws. The two do however share certain symbols such as the flag and the anthem.
The best known bodies of the Council of Europe are the European Court of Human Rights, which enforces the European Convention on Human Rights, and the European Pharmacopoeia Commission, which sets the quality standards for pharmaceutical products in Europe. The Council of Europe's work has resulted in standards, charters and conventions to facilitate cooperation between European countries. The Council of Europe has no real power and can only advise. Its role is mainly advisory.
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Norwegian Campaign | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Norwegian Campaign
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Norwegian Campaign was the attempted Allied liberation of the Scandinavian nation of Norway from Nazi Germany during the early stages of World War II and directly following the Nazi's invasion and occupation of the Norwegian mainland and government. It took place from April 9th, 1940 until June 10th the same year. The Allied campaign did not succeed, and it resulted in the fleeing of King Haakon VII along with the remainder of the royal family to Great Britain.
In April, the United Kingdom and France came to Norway's aid with an expeditionary force. Despite moderate success in the northern parts of Norway, the Allies were eventually compelled to withdraw by Germany's invasion of France in May, and the Norwegian government sought exile in London. The campaign ended with the occupation of Norway by Germany, and the continued fighting by exiled Norwegian forces from abroad. The 62 days of fighting made Norway the nation that withstood a German land invasion for the second longest period of time, after the Soviet Union.
Norwegian Campaign
The Norwegian Campaign was a Second World War campaign fought in Norway between the Allies and Germany after the latter's invasion of the country. In April, the United Kingdom and France came to Norway's aid with an expeditionary force. Despite moderate success in the northern parts of Norway, Germany's invasion of France in May eventually compelled the Allies to withdraw and the Norwegian government to seek exile in London. The campaign ended with the occupation of Norway by Germany, and the continued fighting of exiled Norwegian forces from abroad. The 62 days of fighting made Norway the nation that withstood a German invasion for the second longest period of time, after the Soviet Union.
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Sweden during World War II | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:39 1 Background
00:02:48 1.1 Political
00:06:22 1.2 Military
00:08:33 1.3 Pre-war trade
00:09:11 1.4 Military balance
00:10:27 1.5 Pre-war preparations
00:13:30 2 War
00:14:44 2.1 Foreign trade
00:17:37 2.2 Winter War
00:17:46 2.2.1 Impact on domestic politics
00:18:41 2.2.2 Defense of Finland
00:20:58 2.2.3 Possible Allied invasion
00:25:06 2.3 Occupation of Denmark and Norway
00:29:02 2.4 Midsummer Crisis
00:30:08 2.5 1943 onwards
00:31:46 2.6 Training of Norwegian and Danish troops
00:33:24 2.7 The Bäckebo rocket
00:35:57 3 Humanitarian effort
00:38:43 4 Press freedom
00:41:18 5 Concessions
00:41:28 5.1 To Nazi Germany
00:44:57 5.2 To the Allies
00:47:42 6 Aftermath
00:48:25 6.1 Forced refoulement to the Soviet Union
00:49:21 7 See also
00:49:43 8 Sources
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.788222718892304
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Sweden maintained its policy of neutrality during World War II. When the war began on September 1, 1939, the fate of Sweden was unclear. But by a combination of its geopolitical location in the Scandinavian Peninsula, successful realpolitik manoeuvring during an unpredictable course of events, and a dedicated military build-up after 1942, Sweden succeeded in keeping its official neutrality status throughout the war.
At the outbreak of hostilities, Sweden had held a neutral stance in international relations for more than a century, since the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Twenty nations held a policy of neutrality in September 1939, but only eight other European nations found themselves capable, like Sweden, of officially maintaining this stance throughout the entire war; these were Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Vatican City, San Marino and Switzerland. The Swedish Government made a few concessions, and sometimes breached the nation's neutrality in favor of both Germany and the Western Allies.
During the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Sweden allowed the Wehrmacht to use Swedish railways to transport (June–July 1941) the German 163rd Infantry Division along with howitzers, tanks and anti-aircraft weapons and associated ammunition from Norway to Finland. German soldiers traveling on leave between Norway and Germany were allowed passage through Sweden—the so-called permittenttrafik. Iron ore was sold to Germany throughout the war. And for the Allies, Sweden shared military intelligence and helped to train soldiers made up of refugees from Denmark and Norway, to be used in the liberation of their home countries. It also allowed the Allies to use Swedish airbases between 1944 and 1945.
Sweden also became a refuge for anti-fascist and Jewish refugees from all over the region. In 1943, following an order to deport all of Denmark's Jewish population to concentration camps, nearly all of Denmark's 8,000 Jews were brought to safety in Sweden. Sweden also became a refuge for Norwegian Jews who fled from German occupied Norway.
Grindage is not this gameplay
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Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square is a public space and tourist attraction in central London, built around the area formerly known as Charing Cross. It is situated in the City of Westminster. At its centre is Nelson's Column, which is guarded by four lion statues at its base. There are a number of commemorative statues and sculptures in the square, while one plinth, left empty since it was built in 1840, The Fourth Plinth, has been host to contemporary art since 1999. The square is also used for political demonstrations and community gatherings, such as the celebration of New Year's Eve.
The name commemorates the Battle of Trafalgar, a British naval victory of the Napoleonic Wars over France and Spain which took place on 21 October 1805 off the coast of Cape Trafalgar in Los Canos de Meca, a town in the municipality of Vejer de la Frontera (in the municipality of Barbate since 1940), Cadiz, Spain. The original name was to have been King William the Fourth's Square, but George Ledwell Taylor suggested the name Trafalgar Square.
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England national football team manager
The role of an England national football team manager was first established in May 1947 with the appointment of Walter Winterbottom. Before this, the England team was selected by the International Selection Committee, a process in which the Football Association (FA) would select coaches and trainers from the league to prepare the side for single games, but where all decisions ultimately remained under the control of the committee. A 1–0 defeat by Switzerland prompted FA secretary Stanley Rous to raise Winterbottom from National Director of coaching to Manager.
Seventeen men have occupied the post since its inception; four of those were in short-term caretaker manager roles: Joe Mercer (seven games in charge), Howard Wilkinson (two games, a year apart from one another), Peter Taylor (one game) and Stuart Pearce (one game). In comparison, Winterbottom held the position for the longest to date; a tenure of 16 years, comprising four World Cups and a total of 139 matches. Alf Ramsey is the only manager to have won a major tournament, winning the 1966 World Cup with his Wingless Wonders. No other manager has progressed beyond the semi-finals of a major competition before or since, with only two managers achieving a semi-final appearance, Bobby Robson at the 1990 World Cup, and Terry Venables in the 1996 European Championship.
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England national football team manager | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:57 1 Position
00:03:05 1.1 Role
00:04:56 1.2 Appointment
00:05:31 1.3 National significance
00:07:03 2 History
00:07:11 2.1 Full-time era begins (1946–62)
00:09:17 2.2 World Cup success (1962–74)
00:11:25 2.3 Turbulent times (1974–82)
00:14:00 2.4 Robson and The Hand of God (1982–90)
00:16:24 2.5 Controversial times (1990–2002)
00:19:42 2.6 Foreign management (2002–12)
00:23:44 2.7 Return to English appointees (2012–)
00:26:25 3 Media reaction
00:26:49 3.1 Personal attacks
00:28:11 3.2 Issues-based
00:29:07 3.3 Private life
00:29:41 3.4 Campaigns
00:32:25 4 Statistical summary
00:32:54 5 Statistical summary for British Home championships
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
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There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The role of an England national football team manager was first established in 1946 with the appointment of Walter Winterbottom. Before this, the England team was selected by the International Selection Committee, a process in which the Football Association (FA) would select coaches and trainers from the league to prepare the side for single games, but where all decisions ultimately remained under the control of the committee. A 1–0 defeat by Switzerland prompted FA secretary Stanley Rous to raise Winterbottom from National Director of coaching to Manager.Eighteen men have occupied the post since its inception; four of those were in short-term caretaker manager roles: Joe Mercer (seven games in charge), Howard Wilkinson (two games, a year apart from one another), Peter Taylor (one game) and Stuart Pearce (one game). In comparison, Winterbottom held the position for the longest to date; a tenure of 16 years, comprising four World Cups and a total of 139 matches. Alf Ramsey is the only manager to have won a major tournament, winning the 1966 World Cup with his Wingless Wonders. No other manager has progressed beyond the semi-finals of a major competition before or since, with only three managers achieving a semi-final appearance: Bobby Robson at the 1990 World Cup, Terry Venables at Euro 1996, and Gareth Southgate at the 2018 World Cup.
Swedish coach Sven-Göran Eriksson became the first foreign manager of the team in January 2001 amid much acrimony; he helped the team to three successive quarter-finals in major championships. Italian manager Fabio Capello replaced Steve McClaren in December 2007, after England failed to qualify for Euro 2008. Capello's side endured a lacklustre performance during the 2010 World Cup, but the FA confirmed that he would remain in the role. However, Capello resigned in February 2012, following a disagreement with the FA over their removal of John Terry's captaincy. He was replaced, on a caretaker basis, by Stuart Pearce, before Roy Hodgson was named as Capello's permanent replacement in May 2012. Hodgson's contract finished on 27 June 2016 as England were knocked out of UEFA Euro 2016 by Iceland in the round of 16. Sam Allardyce was announced as his successor a month later, but subsequently left the role after just one competitive match. He was replaced on a caretaker basis by England under-21 coach and former England international defender Gareth Southgate, whose position was made permanent after four matches.The England manager's job is subject to intense press scrutiny, often including revelations about the incumbent's private life. Due to the high level of expectation of both the public and media the role has been described as the impossible job or compared in importance in national culture to that of the British Prime Minister.
Sweden during World War II
Sweden during World War II maintained its policy of neutrality. When the Second World War began on September 1, 1939, the fate of Sweden was unclear. But by a combination of its geopolitical location in the Scandinavian Peninsula, successful realpolitik manoeuvring during an unpredictable course of events, and a dedicated military build-up after 1942, Sweden managed to maintain its official neutrality throughout the war.
At the outbreak of hostilities, Sweden had held a neutral stance in international relations for more than a century, since the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. Twenty nations held a policy of neutrality in September 1939, but only seven other European nations found themselves capable, like Sweden, of officially maintaining this stance throughout the entire war: these were Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Vatican City and Switzerland. The Swedish Government made a few concessions, and sometimes breached the nation's neutrality in favor of both Germany and the Western Allies.
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Timeline of World War II (1940) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of World War II (1940)
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II.
Arab–Israeli conflict | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Arab–Israeli conflict
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Arab–Israeli conflict refers to the political tension, military conflicts and disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel. The roots of the Arab–Israeli conflict are attributed to the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism towards the end of the 19th century. Part of the dispute arises from the conflicting claims to the land. Territory regarded by the Jewish people as their ancestral homeland is at the same time regarded by the Pan-Arab movement as historically and currently belonging to the Palestinians, and in the Pan-Islamic context, as Muslim lands.
The sectarian conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs emerged in the early 20th century, peaking into a full-scale civil war in 1947 and transforming into the First Arab–Israeli War in May 1948, following the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Large-scale hostilities mostly ended with the cease-fire agreements after the 1973 Yom Kippur War. Peace agreements were signed between Israel and Egypt in 1979, resulting in Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula and abolishment of the military governance system in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, in favor of Israeli Civil Administration and consequent unilateral annexation of the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem.
The nature of the conflict has shifted over the years from the large-scale, regional Arab–Israeli conflict to a more local Israeli–Palestinian conflict, which peaked during the 1982 Lebanon War. With the decline of the First Palestinian Intifada, the interim Oslo Accords led to the creation of the Palestinian National Authority in 1994, within the context of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process. The same year Israel and Jordan reached a peace accord. A cease-fire has been largely maintained between Israel and Baathist Syria, as well as with Lebanon since 2006. Despite the peace agreements with Egypt and Jordan, interim peace accords with the Palestinian Authority and the generally existing cease-fire, the Arab League and Israel remain at odds with each other over many issues.
Developments in the course of the Syrian Civil War reshuffled the situation near Israel's northern border, putting the Syrian Arab Republic, Hezbollah and the Syrian opposition at odds with each other and complicating their relations with Israel. The conflict between Israel and Hamas-ruled Gaza, which resulted in the 2014 cease-fire, is usually also considered part of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Its 2006–2012 phase is, however, also attributed to the Iran–Israel proxy conflict in the region (Syria and Hezbollah are being supported by Iran). Since 2012, Iran (predominantly Shia) has cut ties with the Sunni Hamas movement on account of the latter's support for the opposition in the Syrian Civil War.