The Biggest lie of all Time With 200 Proofs - Eric Dubay - Flat Earth Discussion
The largest collection of supposed spinning ball Earth proofs that we can find from NASA is 10, all of which are debunked in the following video. So here is 20x the amount of proofs your government has ever given you that you are NOT living on a spinning ball planet. Please sit your friends and family down to watch this most important documentary and help share this on all your social media accounts so we can wake humanity up to this greatest deception and mother of all deceptions.
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Check this Playlist with all The truth about our world - Awakening Documentaries:
A Short Story of Creation - A Flat Earth Awakening Story - Rene Nadeau
History of Flat Earth - International Research by Eric Dubay
The Earth is not what we have been trained to believe?
You can't avoid this Documentary with Scientific Proofs about the Flat Earth
How the Sun Works on Flat Earth? Part 2 - Crepuscular Sun Rays - Flat Earth Perspective?
Refraction - Stick & Shadow - Mirage - Experiments - FAQ - Documentary - Flat Earth Discussion
The Arctic Midnight Sun - Flat Earth - The Greatest Deception In History?
Our Petrified Giant Past
Solutions: Open Science
You need to see these infos - Anunnaki: Origins & History of the New World Order - Monoatomic Gold
Must see - The terrifying truth about phones and wireless radiation by Dr. Devra Davis
Healing is Voltage - The Physics of Emotions
Mans Right to Know - Dr. Wilhelm Reich and Orgone Energy - Cloudbuster
Russian UFO - The Secret KGB Files - Documentary
The world’s first flying saucer - Nikola Tesla - The world's first man who made UFO
200.000 Year Old Levitation Technology
This may surprise you but Human Cloning is real - Could they already be among us?
How to make a self running 3 phase dual permanent magnet generator for free energy
Orgone Energy - A breakthrough that has already happened, conference
Are You Ready For This? - The 5th Interview of Dr. Jamisson Neruda
Measuring the energy on 27 different fruits and vegetables with a voltmeter, Everything is Energy
4 simple ideas for making horizontal and vertical axis for wind generators
How to Make Rose Oil at Home Very Easy - Healthy Recipe With Olive Oil Rose Petals
How i have cured the eye cataract from my dog with a lemon and the lethal disease of leishmaniasis
Measuring the energy on 27 different fruits and vegetables with a voltmeter, Everything is Energy
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Norway makes rare discovery of Viking ship traces
Archeologists found what they believe are traces of a Viking ship buried in southeast Norway. It is a rare discovery that could shed light on the skilled navigators' expeditions in the Middle Ages.
Chesapeake Bay | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Chesapeake Bay
00:02:12 1 Etymology
00:03:29 2 Physical geography
00:03:38 2.1 Geology and formation
00:05:23 2.2 Hydrology
00:07:56 3 Flora and fauna
00:11:01 4 History
00:11:10 4.1 European exploration and settlement
00:13:59 4.2 American Revolution to the present
00:16:24 5 Navigation
00:18:30 5.1 Tides
00:20:45 6 Economy
00:20:53 6.1 Fishing industry
00:22:53 6.2 Tourism and recreation
00:24:29 7 Environmental problems
00:24:39 7.1 Pollution and runoff
00:27:32 7.2 Depletion of oysters
00:30:13 8 Publications
00:30:45 9 Cultural depictions
00:30:55 9.1 In literature
00:32:12 9.2 In film
00:32:33 9.3 Other media
00:33:14 10 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Chesapeake Bay ( CHESS-ə-peek) is an estuary in the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia. The Bay is located in the Mid-Atlantic region and is primarily separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Delmarva Peninsula with its mouth located between Cape Henry and Cape Charles. With its northern portion in Maryland and the southern part in Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay is a very important feature for the ecology and economy of those two states, as well as others. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the Bay's 64,299-square-mile (166,534 km2) drainage basin, which covers parts of six states (New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia) and all of Washington, D.C.The Bay is approximately 200 miles (320 km) long from its northern headwaters in the Susquehanna River to its outlet in the Atlantic Ocean. It is 2.8 miles (4.5 km) wide at its narrowest (between Kent County's Plum Point near Newtown and the Harford County shore near Romney Creek) and 30 miles (48 km) at its widest (just south of the mouth of the Potomac River). Total shoreline including tributaries is 11,684 miles (18,804 km), circumnavigating a surface area of 4,479 square miles (11,601 km2). Average depth is 21 feet (6.4 m), reaching a maximum of 174 feet (53 m). The Bay is spanned twice, in Maryland by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge from Sandy Point (near Annapolis) to Kent Island and in Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Virginia Beach to Cape Charles. Known for both its beauty and bounty, the Bay has become emptier, with fewer crabs, oysters and watermen in past years. Recent restoration efforts begun in the 1990s have been ongoing and show potential for growth of the native oyster population. The health of the Chesapeake Bay improved in 2015, marking three years of gains over the past four years, according to a new report by the University of Maryland.
Timeline of United States military operations | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of United States military operations
00:00:33 1 Extraterritorial and major domestic deployments
00:00:52 1.1 1775–1799
00:03:29 1.2 1800–1809
00:04:53 1.3 1810–1819
00:09:13 1.4 1820–1829
00:10:43 1.5 1830–1839
00:13:10 1.6 1840–1849
00:15:56 1.7 1850–1859
00:21:11 1.8 1860–1869
00:24:21 1.9 1870–1879
00:26:21 1.10 1880–1889
00:27:54 1.11 1890–1899
00:32:44 1.12 1900–1909
00:36:24 1.13 1910–1919
00:44:36 1.14 1920–1929
00:48:10 1.15 1930–1939
00:49:03 1.16 1940–1944
00:50:41 1.17 1945–1949
00:53:01 1.18 1950–1959
00:56:15 1.19 1960–1969
00:58:50 1.20 1970–1979
01:02:00 1.21 1980–1989
01:12:01 1.22 1990–1999
01:22:28 1.23 2000–2009
01:27:43 1.24 2010–present
01:34:18 2 Battles with the Native Americans
01:34:36 3 Relocation
01:35:09 4 Armed insurrections and slave revolts
01:37:14 5 Range wars
01:38:06 6 Bloody local feuds
01:38:25 7 Bloodless boundary disputes
01:39:13 8 Terrorist, paramilitary groups and guerrilla warfare
01:39:25 8.1 18th and 19th century
01:40:12 9 Labor–management disputes
01:40:47 10 State and national secession attempts
01:41:25 11 Riots and public disorder
01:41:48 12 Miscellaneous
01:43:01 12.1 Latter-day Saints
01:43:16 12.2 Republic of Texas
01:43:33 13 See also
01:43:42 14 Notes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
This timeline of United States government military operations is based on the Committee on International Relations (now known as the U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs). Dates show the years in which U.S. government military units participated. Items in bold are the U.S. government wars most often considered to be major conflicts by historians and the general public. Note that instances where the U.S. government gave aid alone, with no military personnel involvement, are excluded, as are Central Intelligence Agency operations.
Saltwater Fishing in Louisiana - 1405
Americana Outdoors head to Louisiana where we'll visit both Venice and Grand Isle two of the more well known fishing destinations in Louisiana.
Check us out online for more fishing and hunting tips and a chance to win hunting and fishing trips and other outdoor gear prizes!
For almost 20 years, Americana Outdoors® presented by Garmin has entertained viewers 52 weeks a year by documenting adventures from around the world.
The longevity of this series has allowed it to be one of the most-watched outdoor shows airing today and our YouTube Channel allows viewers to pick and choose what they want to watch at anytime.
Our full episodes feature a diverse mix of content, that showcases one of the most unique and diverse cast of talents in outdoors television to include Wade Middleton, Clark Wendlandt, Cody Levy, Will Cooper and Jeff Reynolds.
On every episode you'll find conservation messages, the latest in products, and some of the nation's top anglers and hunters joining the cast to help provide the viewing audience with both entertainment and education in every episode.
On each separate video clip you can pick and choose to see coverage of exciting whitetail hunts, bugling elk, gobbling turkeys, and wing shooting as well as experience top level fishing events nationwide for species such as redfish, walleye, and bass. You also will be taught how to pick the right gear for the outdoors adventure that your wanting to learn more about.
Not to be forgotten are the unique challenges and competitions that you may find the team doing all designed to test their ability and products to the max.
For more be sure and check us out online at for more fishing and hunting tips and a chance to win hunting and fishing trips and other outdoor gear prizes!
GIANT SCREAMING FROG!
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On this episode of Breaking Trail, Coyote finally catches the Frog that has eluded him for years, the enormous Smokey Jungle Frog!
In addition to being the largest frog species in Latin America these forest dwelling amphibians are also well known for their shrill alarm calls. Once captured by a predator these giants immediately begin to belt out high pitch alarm screams in an effort to startle their attacker just long enough to escape.
Will Coyote be able to hold onto this giant screaming frog?
Get ready to find out!
HUGE THANKS to Brian Kubicki for the epic drone footage and for hosting the crew at this location! To visit his amazing amphibian reserve check out his website for details -
Breaking Trail leaves the map behind and follows adventurer and animal expert Coyote Peterson and his crew as they encounter a variety of wildlife in the most amazing environments on the planet!
The Brave Wilderness Channel is your one stop connection to a wild world of adventure and amazing up close animal encounters!
Follow along with adventurer and animal expert Coyote Peterson and his crew as they lead you on three exciting expedition series - Emmy Award Winning Breaking Trail, Dragon Tails and Coyote’s Backyard - featuring everything from Grizzly Bears and Crocodiles to Rattlesnakes and Tarantulas…each episode offers an opportunity to learn something new.
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Discovery, Innovation and New Destinations Highlight This Year @NASA
From understanding our Earth, to new clues about possible life elsewhere. From fostering life-changing research in space, to sharing our vision of the future with those destined to journey there.
From the end of one monumental mission, to the beginning of a new era in the human exploration of our solar system. This Year @NASA looks back at the stories that made 2011 -- and help frame our path ahead.
Celebrating the 125th Anniversary of the US Board on Geographic Names: Traditions & Transitions
The 125th anniversary of the U.S. Board of Geographic Names was observed with a one-day symposium on geographic names. The Board was established by an executive order of President Benjamin Harrison on September 4, 1890, to standardize geographic names for federal government use. The Board is a federal body comprised of 10 member agencies and includes a Domestic and Foreign Names Committees and three Advisory Committees. Committee meetings are held regularly, and activities are reported annually.
For transcript and more information, visit
The Time Traders by Andre Norton
If it is possible to conquer space, then perhaps it is also possible to conquer time. At least that was the theory American scientists were exploring in an effort to explain the new sources of knowledge the Russians possessed. Perhaps Russian scientists had discovered how to transport themselves back in time in order to learn long-forgotten secrets of the past. That was why young Ross Murdock, above average in intelligence but a belligerently independent nonconformist, found himself on a hush-hush government project at a secret base in the Arctic. The very qualities that made him a menace in civilized society were valuable traits in a man who must successfully act the part of a merchant trader of the Beaker people during the Bronze Age. For once they were transferred by time machine to the remote Baltic region where the Russian post was located, Ross and his partner Ashe were swept into a fantastic action-filled adventure involving Russians, superstitious prehistoric men, and the aliens of a lost galactic civilization that demanded every ounce of courage the Americans possessed.
Chapter 01 - 00:00
Chapter 02 - 24:20
Chapter 03 - 47:11
Chapter 04 - 1:09:21
Chapter 05 - 1:34:22
Chapter 06 - 1:58:16
Chapter 07 - 2:19:31
Chapter 08 - 2:43:28
Chapter 09 - 3:05:37
Chapter 10 - 3:26:54
Chapter 11 - 3:48:24
Chapter 12 - 4:10:14
Chapter 13 - 4:33:13
Chapter 14 - 4:54:56
Chapter 15 - 5:17:47
Chapter 16 - 5:39:43
Chapter 17 - 6:02:06
Chapter 18 - 6:25:48
Lecture 4: The Decisions of 1860 (Civil War MOOC)
In this lecture, Dr. Jeremy Neely examines the voting preferences of Missourians in the gubernatorial and presidential election of 1860.
This video is part of Missouri State University's massive online collection. Learn more about MSU's massive online offerings here:
9 Creepy Unsolved Mysteries Finally Solved
Have you ever wondered if seemingly impossible to solve mysteries finally got their answer? Today is your lucky day! Here are 9 Creepy Unsolved Mysteries Finally Solved.
9 Creepy Unsolved Mysteries Finally Solved
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Groton, Connecticut - Past, Present, Future
From its earliest beginnings, Groton, Connecticut held a unique charm, one that attracted its founder, John Winthrop, Jr. to settle here in 1645. Incorporated in 1705, the Town of Groton began its rich history. Journey through time and see why this southern New England town still holds the same unique charm it did 300 years ago. #grotonct #newengland #connecticut #history
The National for Monday, August 14, 2017
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The National is CBC Television's flagship news program. Airing seven days a week, the show delivers news, feature documentaries and analysis from some of Canada's leading journalists.
Live Cruise Ship News: Royal Caribbean Buys Majority of Silversea Cruises a Luxury 6 Star Line
Live Cruise Ship News: Royal Caribbean Buys Majority of Silversea Cruises a Luxury 6 Star Line Royal Caribbean pays $1 Billion for 66% stake in Silversea Cruises. Plus Carnival Splendor tries to outrun Hurricane Bud and loses all of it's port stops!
Join me live Monday to Friday at 5pm et plus Saturday at 2pm et. We talk about cruise ships and cruise vacations, deals, updates and news. It's a live Q and A fun free for all show!
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History of the United States Marine Corps | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Background
00:11:42 1.1 Colonial era
00:16:49 2 Continental era
00:45:42 3 Establishment of the modern Marine Corps
00:50:42 3.1 Henderson's era
00:55:17 4 Civil War
00:59:24 4.1 Confederate Marines
00:59:42 5 Latter 19th century
01:02:50 5.1 Spanish– & Philippine–American Wars
01:04:52 6 Early 1900s
01:08:18 6.1 Banana Wars
01:14:35 7 World War I
01:18:19 7.1 A new amphibious mission
01:23:54 8 World War II
01:27:32 8.1 Interim: WWII-Korea
01:33:24 9 Korean War
01:35:07 9.1 Interim: Korea-Vietnam
01:36:31 10 Vietnam War
01:37:30 10.1 Interim: post-Vietnam War
01:41:24 11 The 1990s
01:41:33 11.1 Gulf War
01:42:11 11.2 Bosnian War
01:43:26 11.3 Other
01:45:34 12 Twenty-first century
01:46:42 12.1 War in Afghanistan
01:47:51 12.2 Iraq War
01:49:26 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.9459519294267857
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist in landing forces. Its mission evolved with changing military doctrine and foreign policy of the United States. Owing to the availability of Marine forces at sea, the United States Marine Corps has served in nearly every conflict in United States history. It attained prominence when its theories and practice of amphibious warfare proved prescient, and ultimately formed a cornerstone of the Pacific Theater of World War II. By the early 20th century, the Marine Corps would become one of the dominant theorists and practitioners of amphibious warfare. Its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises has made and continues to make it an important tool for U.S. foreign policy.In February 1776, the Continental Marines embarked on their maiden expedition. The Continental Marines were disbanded at the end of the war, along with the Continental Navy. In preparation for the Quasi-War with France, Congress created the United States Navy and the Marine Corps. The Marines' most famous action of this period occurred in the First Barbary War (1801–1805) against the Barbary pirates. In the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), the Marines made their famed assault on Chapultepec Palace, which overlooked Mexico City, their first major expeditionary venture. In the 1850s, the Marines would see service in Panama, and in Asia. During the U.S. Civil War (1861–1865) the Marine Corps played only a minor role after their participation in the Union defeat at the first battle of First Bull Run/Manassas. Their most important task was blockade duty and other ship-board battles, but they were mobilized for a handful of operations as the war progressed. The remainder of the 19th century would be a period of declining strength and introspection about the mission of the Marine Corps. Under Commandant Jacob Zeilin's term (1864–1876), many Marine customs and traditions took shape. During the Spanish–American War (1898), Marines would lead U.S. forces ashore in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, demonstrating their readiness for deployment. Between 1900 and 1916, the Marine Corps continued its record of participation in foreign expeditions, especially in the Caribbean and Central and South America, which included Panama, Cuba, Veracruz, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Nicaragua.
In World War I, battle-tested, veteran Marines served a central role in the United States' entry into the conflict. Between the world wars, the Marine Corps was headed by Major General John A. Lejeune, another popular commandant. In World War II, the Marines played a central role, under Admiral Nimitz, in the Pacific War, participating in nearly every significant battle. The Corps also ...
John F. Kennedy | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John F. Kennedy
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Fitzgerald Jack Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963. He served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his presidency dealt with managing relations with the Soviet Union. A member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate prior to becoming president.
Kennedy was born in Brookline, Massachusetts, the second child of Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. and Rose Kennedy. He graduated from Harvard University in 1940 and joined the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year. During World War II, he commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal for his service. After the war, Kennedy represented the 11th congressional district of Massachusetts in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. While in the Senate, he published his book entitled Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize for Biography. In the 1960 presidential election, Kennedy narrowly defeated Republican opponent Richard Nixon, who was the incumbent vice president. At age 43, he became the second-youngest man to serve as president (after Theodore Roosevelt), the youngest man to be elected as U.S. president as well as being the first (and only) Roman Catholic to occupy that office.
Kennedy's time in office was marked by high tensions with communist states in the Cold War. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower. In April 1961, he authorized a failed joint-CIA attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro in the Bay of Pigs Invasion. He subsequently rejected Operation Northwoods plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false flag attacks on American soil in order to gain public approval for a war against Cuba. In October 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered that Soviet missile bases had been deployed in Cuba; the resulting period of tensions, termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict. Domestically, Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps and supported the civil rights movement, but he was largely unsuccessful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies.
On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the state crime, but he was never prosecuted due to his murder by Jack Ruby two days later; Ruby was sentenced to death and died while the sentence was on appeal in 1967. Pursuant to the Presidential Succession Act, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president later that day. Both the FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald had acted alone in the assassination, but various groups challenged the findings of the Warren Report and believed that Kennedy was the victim of a conspiracy. After Kennedy's death, Congress enacted many of his proposals, including the Civil Rights and the Revenue Acts of 1964. Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians' polls of U.S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallup's history of systematically measuring job approval.
History of Western civilization | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Western civilization
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Western civilization traces its roots back to Europe and the Mediterranean. It is linked to the Roman Empire and with Medieval Western Christendom which emerged from the Middle Ages to experience such transformative episodes as the Renaissance, the Reformation, the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, scientific revolution, and the development of liberal democracy. The civilizations of Classical Greece and Ancient Rome are considered seminal periods in Western history; a few cultural contributions also emerged from the pagan peoples of pre-Christian Europe, such as the Celts and Germans, as well as some significant religious contributions derived from Judaism and Hellenistic Judaism stemming back to Second Temple Judea, Galilee, and the early Jewish diaspora; and some other Middle Eastern influences. Christianity and Roman Catholicism has played a prominent role in the shaping of Western civilization, which throughout most of its history, has been nearly equivalent to Christian culture. (There were Christians outside of the West, such as China, India, Russia, Byzantium and the Middle East). Western civilization has spread to produce the dominant cultures of modern Americas and Oceania, and has had immense global influence in recent centuries in many ways.
Following the 5th century Fall of Rome, Western Europe entered the Middle Ages, during which period the Catholic Church filled the power vacuum left in the West by the fall of the Western Roman Empire, while the Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) endured in the East for centuries, becoming a Hellenic Eastern contrast to the Latin West. By the 12th century, Western Europe was experiencing a flowering of art and learning, propelled by the construction of cathedrals and the establishment of medieval universities. Christian unity was shattered by the Reformation from the 16th century. A merchant class grew out of city states, initially in the Italian peninsula (see Italian city-states), and Europe experienced the Renaissance from the 14th to the 17th century, heralding an age of technological and artistic advance and ushering in the Age of Discovery which saw the rise of such global European Empires as those of Spain and Portugal.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the 18th century. Under the influence of the Enlightenment, the Age of Revolution emerged from the United States and France as part of the transformation of the West into its industrialised, democratised modern form. The lands of North and South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand became first part of European Empires and then home to new Western nations, while Africa and Asia were largely carved up between Western powers. Laboratories of Western democracy were founded in Britain's colonies in Australasia from the mid-19th centuries, while South America largely created new autocracies. In the 20th century, absolute monarchy disappeared from Europe, and despite episodes of Fascism and Communism, by the close of the century, virtually all of Europe was electing its leaders democratically. Most Western nations were heavily involved in the First and Second World Wars and protracted Cold War. World War II saw Fascism defeated in Europe, and the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival global powers and a new East-West political contrast.
Other than in Russia, the European Empires disintegrated after World War II and civil rights movements and widescale multi-ethnic, multi-faith migrations to Europe, the Americas and Oceania lowered the earlier predominance of ethnic Europeans in Western culture. European nations moved towards greater economic and political co-operation through the European Union. The Cold War ended around 1990 with the collapse of Soviet imposed Communism in Central and Eastern Europe. In the 21st century, the Western World retains significant global economic power and influ ...
Economic history of the United States | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Economic history of the United States
00:00:31 1 Colonial economy to 1780s
00:01:30 1.1 Demographics
00:03:32 1.2 The economy
00:07:14 1.2.1 New England
00:09:52 1.3 Urban centers
00:13:14 1.4 Political environment
00:13:23 1.4.1 Mercantilism: old and new
00:15:04 1.4.2 Free enterprise
00:16:20 1.4.3 Taxation
00:17:42 1.5 The American Revolution
00:23:41 2 The New Nation
00:26:03 2.1 Industry and commerce
00:26:12 2.1.1 Transportation
00:26:51 2.1.2 Automatic flour mill
00:27:23 2.1.3 Cotton gin
00:27:57 2.1.4 Mechanized textile manufacturing
00:29:35 2.2 Finance, money and banking
00:30:07 3 The early 19th century
00:31:00 3.1 Political developments
00:35:18 3.2 Agriculture, commerce and industry
00:35:28 3.2.1 Population growth
00:37:18 3.2.2 Labor shortage
00:38:09 3.2.3 Agriculture
00:40:15 3.2.4 Roads
00:41:56 3.2.5 Canals
00:43:48 3.2.6 Steam power
00:45:18 3.2.7 Mechanical power transmission
00:45:55 3.2.8 Shipbuilding
00:46:22 3.2.9 Steamboats and steam ships
00:48:17 3.2.10 Railroads
00:49:59 3.2.11 Manufacturing
00:53:16 3.2.11.1 Development of interchangeable parts
00:57:10 3.3 Finance, money and banking
01:01:04 3.3.1 Economics of the War of 1812
01:04:50 4 The mid 19th century
01:06:46 4.1 Commerce, industry and agriculture
01:07:04 4.1.1 Railroads
01:09:16 4.1.2 Iron industry
01:10:55 4.1.3 Coal displaces wood
01:12:23 4.1.4 Manufacturing
01:14:32 4.1.5 Steam power
01:15:39 4.1.6 Steamboats and ships
01:17:02 4.1.7 Telegraph
01:17:51 4.1.8 Urbanization
01:18:40 4.1.9 Agriculture
01:21:07 4.1.9.1 Slave labor
01:21:59 4.2 Finance, money and banking
01:23:22 4.2.1 Panic of 1857
01:25:44 4.3 Immigration surge
01:26:05 4.4 Collapse of the South
01:27:28 4.5 Political developments
01:28:30 4.5.1 Treasury
01:31:30 4.5.2 Land grants
01:34:44 4.5.3 Banking
01:35:18 4.5.4 Education
01:35:53 4.5.5 Civil War
01:37:30 5 Late 19th century
01:37:40 5.1 Commerce, industry and agriculture
01:40:04 5.1.1 Railroads
01:41:46 5.1.2 Steel
01:42:47 5.1.3 Electric lights and electric street railways
01:44:59 5.1.4 Communications
01:45:54 5.1.5 Modern business management
01:46:49 5.1.6 Agriculture
01:50:15 5.1.7 Oil, minerals and mining
01:50:24 5.1.7.1 Oil
01:54:27 5.1.7.2 Coal
01:54:40 5.1.7.3 Iron ore
01:55:05 5.1.8 Finance, money and banking
01:56:45 5.1.9 Water supply and sewers
01:57:13 5.1.10 Labor unions
01:57:50 5.1.11 Political developments
01:58:13 6 Early 20th century
01:58:23 6.1 Economic growth and the 1910 break
01:59:42 6.2 Industry, commerce and agriculture
02:00:19 6.2.1 Electrification
02:02:39 6.2.2 Manufacturing
02:05:14 6.2.3 Electric street railways
02:05:47 6.2.4 Electrochemicals
02:06:46 6.2.5 Railroads
02:07:50 6.2.6 Automobiles and trucks
02:08:46 6.2.7 Highway system
02:09:42 6.2.8 Water supply and sewers
02:10:41 6.2.9 Agriculture
02:11:46 6.2.10 Communications
02:11:54 6.2.10.1 Telephone
02:12:34 6.2.10.2 Radio
02:13:18 6.2.11 Finance, money and banking
02:15:30 6.3 Political developments
02:18:57 6.3.1 World War I
02:19:18 6.3.2 Roaring twenties: 1920–1929
02:20:39 6.4 Quality of life
02:21:58 7 From 1929 through World War II
02:22:09 7.1 Pre-war industry, commerce, and agriculture
02:22:43 7.1.1 Manufacturing
02:23:13 7.2 Great Depression: 1929–1941
02:24:27 7.2.1 Spending
02:24:30 7.2.2 Banking crisis
02:26:18 7.2.3 Unemployment
02:28:31 7.2.4 Relief
02:30:40 7.2.5 New Deal impact
02:33:46 7.3 Wartime output and controls: 1940–1945
02:34:01 7.4 Household gas, water, electricity, sanitation, heating, refrigeration
02:34:59 8 Postwar prosperity: 1945–1973
02:37:10 8.1 Agriculture
02:37:39 8.1.1 Farm machinery, fertilizer and high yield seed varieties
02:39:53 8.1.2 Government policies
02:40:02 8.2 Aircraft and air transportation industries
02:41:01 8.3 Housing
02:42:09 8.4 Interstate highway system
02:44:00 8.5 Computer Technology
02:46:04 8.6 Fiscal Policy
02:46:19 8.7 Military and space spending
02:47:04 9 Late 20th century
02:47:40 9.1 Post industrial (service) economy
02:49:18 9.2 Service sector expansion
02:49:27 9.3 Productivity slowdown
02:50:06 9.4 Inflation woes: 1970s
02:50:22 9.5 Deregulation and Reaganomics: 1976–1992
02:50:52 9.6 The rise of globalization: 1990s – late 2000
02:53:34 10 The 21st century
02:59:59 10.1 Great Recession
03:00:47 11 Historical statistics
03:01:26 11.1 GDP
03:04:51 11.1.1 1790–2006 GDP
03:05:01 11.2 Employment
03:05:10 11.3 Manufacturing
03:05:20 11.4 Wealth and Income
03:05:29 11.5 Productivity
03:05:37 11.6 Inequality
03:05:46 11.7 Health spending
03:06:10 11.8 Tariff Rates
03:06:18 11.9 Trade Balance
03:06:27 11.10 Inflation
03:06:35 11.11 US Federal Tax
03:06:44 11.12 Government spending
03:06:52 11.13 Debt
03:07:01 11.14 Deficit
03:07:10 12 See also
03:07:18 13 Footnotes
03:07:26 14 Bibliography
03:07:57 14.1 References
03:08:06 14.2 Special studies
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC ...
2017 AM: Executive Session: Anthropocene Landscapes, Infrastructures and Futures
Anthropologists and STS scholars have long been concerned with the production of scientific facts, and the kinds of mundane or charismatic objects that are enacted and stabilized in laboratories or factories. As we turn our curiosity to look at broader landscapes and earth systems in the Anthropocene, our conceptual models of what matters, how objects of concern come to stabilized, and what kinds of multiple knowledges we might need to entertain, have come increasingly into question. Landscapes, we suggest, require a rethinking of the conceptual and methodological apparatus of STS and anthropology, and a renewed attention to the relationship between storytelling, materiality, and the political. This panel explores the kinds of knowledges and politics which emerge when we look at particular landscapes, where we confront the possibility of multiple plausible accounts of pasts and futures, which, in the manner of historians, we entertain simultaneously with each other. We are particularly interested in exploring the kinds of theoretical and methodological innovations which emerge from studies of partially or multiply legible landscapes, whether of forest, agricultural or post-industrial landscapes, or through modelers’ practices of simulating disaster or environmental change. Further, we ask what kinds of stories or plotlines can help us make sense of the multiple temporal rhythms of landscape change, for example when longue durée soil transformation and geological processes must be somehow linked to rapidly changing weather and epidemic disease, the tempos of mining and energy politics with the times of species extinction. What kinds of contact zones emerge at the intersection of these multiple rhythms and temporalities, and how do these contact zones press us to come up with causal accounts of pasts and futures? Some of our presenters work under the heading of infrastructures, such as shipping pallets which impact forest landscapes through their movement of pathogens, with multiple infrastructures lying through each other, coexisting and partially connected. Others of us work on Patagonian, Norwegian arctic, or US post-industrial landscapes, which press upon us multiple landscape readings and perceptions of toxicity, or which follow traces of the loss of multispecies worlds that included people. Finally, one of us uses methods from natural history, historical ecology, and landscape ethnography to consider Italian forests as historically produced landscape infrastructures that multiply histories and futures. Once knowledge becomes multiple and distributed across the landscape or a complex system, we suggest, we must ask about the energies and tensions that emerge between multiple stories of past and future, whether in anthropological accounts of landscapes and infrastructures, or modelers’ accounts of possible futures. These are not the flat ontologies of STS, but rather, they are families of stories, perceptions, and causal accounts. What kinds of storytelling practices and genres can we use for recounting these families of stories about what matters?
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