Panchalingeshwara Temple Govindanahalli KR Pete tourism Mandya tourism Karnataka tourism
Panchalingeshwara Temple at Govindanahalli KR Pete tourism, Mandya tourism Karnataka tourism
Panchalingeshwara Temple (also spelt Panchalingeshvara) in Govindanahalli, K R Pete, Mandya district, Karnataka state, India, was constructed around 1238 A.D. during the reign of the Hoysala empire King Vira Someshwara. The name Panchalingeshwara literally means five linga pancha-kuta (quintuple) style. The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India. The famous sculptor of Hoysala times, Ruvari Mallitamma, is known to have made contributions to the temple.
Panchalingeshwara Temple or Panchalingeshvara in Govindanahalli is a rare example of a panchakuta (five shrines with five towers) construction in Hoysala architecture. A long pillared hall on the east connects the individual mantapa together. The entrance to the temple complex is via two porched entrances.
Govindanahalli is about 6 km from Kikkeri. Kikkeri is on Srirangapatna-Channarayapatna road. It is located 161 km from Bangalore, 75 km from Mysore and 60 km from Hassan.
Govindanahalli – A Panchakuta Temple
Introduction – Govindanahalli is a village in Mandya district of Karnataka. The town was once famous for its breed of milk-cows.
Inscriptions –
1. On a stone in Panchalingeshvara Temple – Epigraphia Carnatica vol VI, no 39 – refers to the reign of the Hoysala king Someshwara – dated Saka 1159, corresponding 1237 CE – the inscription starts with obeisance to Ganadhipati, Shambhu, Varaha and describes the Chandra vamsha starting from Brahma. Brahma begot Atri, Atri begot Chandra (Moon). In this lineage of Chandra was born Yadu, mentioned in epics. In this Yadava lineage was born Sala. Story of Sala slaying tiger with a danda is described in detailed. Once Sala went to see goddess Vasanti whose adobe was in forest near Shashapura and who was the guardian deity of the kings of his lineage. In this forest he met a sage, who was deep immersed in his tapa. There came a tiger, and the sage directed Sala to kill the tiger in his own language as ‘hoy Sala’. Thus kings in his lineage came to be known as Hoysala. From Sala was born Vinayaditya, and from him was born Ereyanga. Ereyanga begot Vishnu, the latter begore Narasimha (I). Narasimha’s son was Ballala. Ballala’s queen was Padmala. From this queen, Ballala begot Narasimha (II) and a daughter named Somala. Narasimha’s son was Soyideva (Someshwara) who was ruling at Dvaravati. Then starts the family of Bogayya, father of Ketana, grand-father of Bhoganna and Mallanna. Bhoganna and Mallanna served as the danda-nayaka (ministers) under the Hoysala king Someshwara. This king Someshwara, while residing at Pandya-mandala, which he subdued with his extensive mighty prowess, made a grant of the great village Tenginaghatta to his army chiefs Bhoganna and Mallanna. Village Tenginaghatta with his eleven hamlets was turned into an agrahara. Bhoganna and Mallanna forwarded this grant of Tenginaghatta agrahara to several Brahmans of different gotras in presence of Sri Ramanatha at Setu. The same grant is also notified in Kannada language.
2. On the pedestals of the dvarpalas of the Panchalingeshvara Temple – Epigraphia Carnatica vol VI, no 40 – on the right dvarpala is inscribed ‘ruvari Malitama’ and on the left dvarapala is inscribed ‘ruvari Malitamma’.
3. Below the images on the outer wall of the Panchalingeshvara Temple – Epigraphia Carnatica vol VI, no 41 – the inscribed labels are Keshava, Narayana, Madhava, Govinda, Vishnu, Madhusudana, Trivikrama, Vamana, Sridhara, Rishikeshi, Padumanabha, Damodara
Malitamma was a well-known Hoysala artist whose work is also found at various other Hoysala sites. His name is found at six places, Amruteshwara temple at Amruthapura, Lakshmi-Narasimha temple at Haranahalli, Lakshmi-Narasimha temple at Nuggehalli, Keshava temple at Somanathapura, Lakshmi-Narasimha temple at Javagal and this Panchalingeshwara temple. His first work was at Amruteshwara temple at Amruthapura which was constructed in about 1196 CE. His last work was at the Keshava temple at Somanathapura which was constructed in 1269 CE. His career spanned for about 73 long years. Govindanahalli would have been his second assignment after Amruteshwara temple.
These five garbha-grhas house five different aspects or manifestations of Shiva which are Sadyojata, Tatpurusha, Vamadeva, Aghora and Ishana. On lalata-bimba are depicted Shiva-Parvati sometimes accompanied with Nandi and sometimes with Ganesha and Kartikeya.
A unique sculpture of Vithoba or Vitthala is found in this temple. This suggest that Vithoba sect had penetrated till this territory and had influence over the Hoysala artists. Vithoba sect was a popular sect in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa and Andhra Pradesh.