Russian Art - 4 Architecture: Late Muscovite Period
Fourth video about the Russian Art serie. Any doubt? Send me a message.
Historia del Arte:
Land of the Art:
Russian culture is an hybrid generated from habits of many civilizations that shaped this great multicultural state, and it is the result of its development for several centuries, being deeply rooted in the culture of the first eastern slavs.
The Late Muscovite Period goes from 1630 to 1712. After the Period of Troubles, the church and state were in bankrupt, and they couldn't pay more constructions.
The rich merchants of Yaroslavl financed many cathedrals in XVII century, with many bulbous domes and tended roof.
Elijah the Prophet, Yaroslavl: the first churches were asymmetric, like this. It follows the tradition of Middle Muscovite Period. The interior has frescoes of byzantine influence. They were commissioned by Ulita Makarova in 1680, and were painted by a team of 15 people leaded by Guriy Nikitin and Sila Savin. They represent scenes of the life of Elijah and also normal life scenes.
St. John Chrysostom, Korovniki: it follows the aesthetic of the previous one but greater. The bulbous domes are very big compared with the own building.
St. John the Baptist, Yaroslavl: it is the best of all these churches, and the most beautiful. It has fifteen domes. The belltower was built later, in mid-1690. The interior has more than five hundred frescoes about christian saints, St. John the Baptist and biblical themes. They were painted by Dmitri Pleyanov and Fiodor Ignatiev in 1694-1695.
The churches of Moscow of XVII century are very well decorated, but they are more little.
Ascension of Uglich: I'm not even sure if the image I put is of this church to be honest...
Hodegetria, Vyazma: one of the most beautiful buildings. It has three tended roofs, similar to candles. It is called so by Virgin Theotokos Hodegetria, the Virgin that guides saying that the Child is the path to salvation.
Nativity, Putinki: many tended roofs, following the aesthetic of the one of Vyazma.
The Patriarch Nikon said that tended roof constructions were not byzantine-typical, and so he declared them anti-canonical. The tended roofs were forbidden.
Voskresensky Monastery: this is the residence of Nikon. It is also called New Jerusalem Monastery or Resurrection cathedral. Byzantine forms are recuperated.
When the tended roofs were forbidden, the muscovite architects used bracket arches, called kokoshniki.
Kazan cathedral, Moscow: do not confuse with the one in St. Petersburg. It is in the Red Square. It is a reconstruction, because Stalin destroyed it in 1936.
Holy Trinity, Nikitniki
St. Nicholas, Khamovniki
Trinity, Ostankino
Great Cross, Kitai-gorod: this one was destroyed by Stalin and was lost.
Russian architecture became purely decorative, influenced by ukrainian and polish baroque. The first russian baroque churches were little chapels built in zones of family Naryshkin, near Moscow, so the name of Naryshkin baroque is frequently used in this style. Some of these churches are similar to towers, with cubic or ortogonal floors.
Protection of the Theotokos, Fili: composition similar to a stair, with belltower.
Ascension, Pokrovka: it seems more like a jewelry work than a building.
The Stroganov patronized many baroque buildings.
Nativity, Nizhny
At beginning XVIII century it is interesting to name the wooden churches in the north of Russia.
Intercession, Vytegra: it has 24 domes.
Kizhi Pogost: the legend says that the carpenter Nestor only used one axe, that when the building was done, he threw it into the lake Onega while he said there wasn't and won't be other church like this. The most important building of this complex is the Transfiguration church, with 22 domes. Near it is the Intercession church, with 9 domes. The amazing thing of these constructions is that they were built without any nail.
As an add...
Palace of Aleksei Mikhailovich: the artistic reconstruction of interiors was based in historical sources and authentic prototypes.
Take a look at this link for more russian wooden churches:
Music: Pólyushko-Pole by Irfan Kaya [Полюшко-Поле]
Photos taken in Google images.
No copyright infringement intended.
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Советский кинофильм по мотивам произведений Михаила Булгакова «Бег», «Белая гвардия» и «Чёрное море». Картина повествует о первых эмигрантах послереволюционной России. 1920 год. Гражданская война в России близится к завершению. После вторжения Красной Армии в Крым начинается исход всех, кто искал спасения от «окаянных дней» (по словам Ивана Бунина) революции. В этом страшном течении оказываются рядом самые разные люди, выброшенные революцией на произвол судьбы. «Тараканьи бега» стамбульско эмиграционной жизни приводят русских интеллигентов в хаос и они теряют почву под ногами. Извечным рефреном повторяется вечная тема любви и возмездия. Судьба как страшный сон. В конечном итоге получилось одно из самых трагических полотен о русской эмиграции.