HISTORICAL PLACES OF BELARUS IN GOOGLE EARTH
EDM Detection Mode by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution license (
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1. MIR CASTLE,MIR 53°27'4.48N 26°28'23.23E
2. NATIONAL ACADEMIC OPERA THEATRE,MINSK
53°54'37.63N 27°33'41.55E
3. BABRUYSK FORT,BABRUYSK 53° 8'6.56N 29°14'25.92E
4. ISLAND OF TEARS,MINSK 53°54'35.74N 27°33'16.92E
5. CHURCH OF ST.NICHOLAS,MIR 53°27'9.98N 26°27'55.83E
6. MOGILEV GOVERNMENT HOUSE,MOGILEV 53°54'34.68N 30°20'34.36E
7. CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY,MIR 53°27'17.01N 26°28'2.38E
8. HOLY SPIRIT CHURCH&COMPLEX,MINSK 53°54'14.06N 27°33'27.24E
9. WATER TOWERS,HRODNA 53°40'29.07N 23°50'16.97E
10. NESVIZH CASTLE,NESVIZH 53°13'22.26N 26°41'29.81E
11. GATEWAY BUILDINGS,MINSK 53°53'31.05N 27°33'5.58E
12. GATE OF NIASVIZ,NIASVIZ 53°13'4.79N 26°41'7.63E
13. CHURCH OF TRANSFIGURATION,ZASLAWYE 54° 0'27.28N 27°17'28.87E
14. TOWN HALL,NIASVIZ 53°13'8.69N 26°40'52.03E
15. CITY HALL,SVABODY SQUARE,MINSK 53°54'12.73N 27°33'22.03E
16. PARISH CHURCH&BELL TOWER,NIASVIZ 53°13'14.42N 26°41'1.38E
17. PALACE OF CULTURE,MINSK 53°54'12.01N 27°33'48.50E
18. BREST FORTRESS,BREST 52° 4'52.21N 23°39'23.06E
19. NATIONAL LIBRARY OF BELARUS,MINSK 53°55'52.23N 27°38'45.73E
20. HOLY BASIL'S CATHEDRAL,BARANAVICHY 53° 7'55.68N 26° 0'14.10E
21. MONUMENT OF SIEGES,MINSK 53°54'31.22N 27°34'30.34E
22. TOWER,VITSYEBSK 55°11'31.72N 30°12'33.65E
23. STATE CIRCUS,MINSK 53°54'15.13N 27°34'3.09E
24. WAR TANK MONUMENT,HRODNA 53°40'32.98N 23°49'44.27E
25. CATHEDRAL OF HOLY SPIRIT,MINSK 53°54'18.36N 27°33'22.77E
26. BAYONET OBELISK,BREST 52° 4'58.43N 23°39'25.03E
27. ST.SIMON&HELENA CHURCH,MINSK 53°53'47.07N 27°32'51.65E
28. MOUND OF GLORY,MINSK 54° 1'7.95N 27°53'53.99E
The Pearl Of Belarus. Gervyaty. Жемчужина Беларуси. Гервяты.
Church of the Holy Trinity is beautiful, is a Church of extraordinary beauty. When you look at a Gothic Cathedral, admire its architectural forms and marvel at the painstaking work of generations of builders. It felt some kind of detachment going up to the lines of ordinary human life. Probably so intended. Earthly life is fleeting and sad, and impending heavenly – beautiful and timeless.
All who visit Gervyaty, very surprised that in a very small village with the ordinary wooden houses, stands a huge building with a height of 61 meters, which is considered one of the highest churches in Belarus. The Church is called Belarusian miracle, it appears on the horizon, as beautiful and fairytale castle.
Костёл Святой Троицы красив, это костёл необычайной красоты. Когда смотришь на готический собор, то восхищаешься его архитектурными формами и поражаешься кропотливому труду целых поколений строителей. При этом чувствуется какая-то отстранённость взлетающих вверх линий от обычной жизни человека. Наверное, так и задумано. Земная жизнь быстротечна и горестна, а грядущая небесная – прекрасна и вечна.
#Беларусь #Гервяты #храм #жемчужина #belarus #travelbelarus #tourism #tourbelarus
Все, кто посещают Гервяты, очень удивляются, что в совсем небольшой деревеньки, с обыкновенными деревянными домами, возвышается огромное сооружение, высотой в 61 метр, которое считается одним из самых высоких храмов Беларуси. Костёл называют белорусским чудом, он появляется на горизонте как красивый и сказочный замок.
Belarus: Patriarch Kirill leads 'Brest Fortress Defence' commemoration ceremony
Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Rus' led a memorial ceremony at St. Nicholas Garrison Cathedral in the Brest Fortress in Belarus on Monday. The location was the scene of the 'Defence of Brest Fortress,' one of the first major battles on the eastern front during WWII.
Kirill's own uncle died defending the fortress against the Nazis. After the service, Patriarch Kirill also participated in the memorial meeting and addressed an estimated 12,000 people who travelled to Brest from Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, wishing them all peace and prosperity.
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Mir Fortress in Belarus in 4k UltraHD from air| Мирский замок, Мир, Беларусь с воздуха в 4к
Duke Juryj Ivanavič Illinič began construction of the castle near the village of Mir after the turn of the 16th century in the Belarusian Gothic style. Five towers surrounded the courtyard of the citadel, the walls of which formed a square of 75 metres (246 ft) on each side. In 1568, when the Ilyinich dynasty died out, the Mir Castle passed into the hands of Mikołaj Krzysztof the Orphan Radziwiłł, who refitted it with a two-winged, three-story stately residence along the eastern and northern inner walls of the castle. Plastered facades were decorated with limestone portals, plates, balconies and porches in the Renaissance style.
Music: Haendel - Halellujah
Мирский замок внесён в список Всемирного наследия ЮНЕСКО (с 2000 года). До 1568 года хозяевами были Ильиничи, потом — Радзивиллы (до 1828), Витгенштейны (до 1891). Последними владельцами замка были Святополк-Мирские (до 1939), после чего замок стал государственной собственностью.
Замок по строению похож на квадрат со стороной около 75 метров, по углам расположены пятиэтажные башни высотой 25—27 м, которые выходят за пределы стен. Пятая башня — шестиэтажная с въездными воротами. Мирский замок является самым восточным готическим сооружением, а также самым крупным и единственным не культовым объектом из сохранившихся немногих образцов самобытной белорусской готики.
Комплекс участвовал практически во всех войнах, которые проносились в своё время на белорусской земле: начиная с русско-польской войны 1654—1667 гг. и до Отечественной войны 1812 года[3], замок не раз брали в осаду и штурмовали его. Был поврежден в 1665 и 1706 годах, после восстановлен в начале восемнадцатого века. Потом снова был сильно поврежден в 1794 году. В 1812 под стенами замка состоялся бой между польской кавалерией генерала Рожнецкого, входившей в состав французской армии, и арьергардом 2-й русской армии — казацкой конницей М. И. Платова.
Музыка: Гендель - Алилуйя
Made with DJI Mavic Pro, 4k video
Eglise du Chastel - St Floret - Puy de Dôme
Serbian President Tomislav Nikolic visits the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem
SHOTLIST
1. Serbian President Tomislav Nikolic and entourage arriving at Manger Square in Bethlehem
2. Nikolic with officials
3. Religious leaders from Greek Orthodox Church and Franciscan Catholics welcoming Nikolic
4. Various of Nikolic visiting the Church of Nativity, being shown around the historic church
5. Nikolic kissing religious icon
6. Various of Nikolic listening
7. Nikolic kissing and lighting candle
8. Nikolic and others making their way up church steps
9. Serbian flag on car
10. Various of police on roof of Nativity church
11. Wide of Manger Square
STORYLINE:
Serbian President Tomislav Nikolic on Wednesday visited the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem's Manger Square.
Nikolic and his entourage were shown around the fourth century complex which is built over the grotto where tradition says Jesus was born.
Nikolic, a former ultra-nationalist, has courted controversy since his election last year, questioning whether the 1995 Srebrenica massacre of thousands of Muslims by Bosnian Serbs constitutes genocide - the United Nations says it does.
Srebrenica was a UN-protected Muslim town in Bosnia besieged by Serb forces throughout Bosnia's 1992-95 war.
Serb troops led by General Ratko Mladic overran the enclave in July 1995, separated men from women and executed 8,372 men and boys within days.
Dutch troops stationed in Srebrenica as UN peacekeepers were undermanned and outgunned and failed to stop the slaughter.
During the 1990s Balkan wars, Nikolic was deputy leader of the extremist Serbian Radical Party, which was even more hardline than the late strongman Slobodan Milosevic who plunged the region into its ethnic conflagration.
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Memorial Complex Brest Hero-Fortress in Brest, Belarus
Brest Fortress, formerly known as Brest-Litovsk Fortress, is a 19th-century Russian fortress in Brest, Belarus. In 1965, the title Hero Fortress was given to the Fortress to commemorate the defence of the frontier stronghold during the first week of the German-Soviet War, when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, with the launch of World War II's Operation Barbarossa. The title Hero Fortress corresponds to the title Hero City, that was awarded to an eventual total of twelve Soviet cities.
Brest Fortress, one of the most important places in Belarus, dates back to the 19th century and became a key symbol of Soviet resistance in World War 2
History of Brest Fortress
Brest Fortress was built in the 1830s-early 1840s at the meeting-point of the rivers Bug and Mukhavyets.
During construction, the entire town was relocated to a new position 2km away.
St Nicolas Church was built in 1851-1876. Much of it was severely damaged during World War 2.
The site occupies more than four square km, although many of the outer defences were damaged or destroyed during the wars of the 20th century.
There is a citadel at the centre of the fortress, linked to three artificial island fortifications by bridgeheads:
Kobrin fortification (north-eastern side)
Terespol fortification (western island)
Volyn fortification (south-eastern island)
The fortress was captured by the German army in 1915 and after World War 1 remained within Polish territory. In 1930 it became infamous as a prison in Poland in the aftermath of the Brest Elections.
In 1939 Brest Fortress was assigned to the Soviet Union. It earned the title of Hero Fortress for the courage demonstrated by Soviet soldiers when they fought against the German army in 1941. Whilst the Nazis took the town of Brest – 90% of which was destroyed in the fighting – the two regiments garrisoned inside the fortress held out.
For the people of Belarus, Brest Fortress remains a famous symbol of the Soviet resistance during World war 2.
Brest Fortress today
Brest Fortress is one of the most important places to see in Belarus and by far the largest tourist attraction in Brest.
The fortress was not rebuilt at the end of the war, but instead became a shrine to the terrible and heroic events that took place there.
The entry of the fortress represents a huge star cut into a concrete block. The radio announcer informs about the invasion of the German army.
As you walk up to the centre of the fortress you see Thirst, a large monument depicting an injured soldier trying to get some water from the river. The monument reflects the bravery of the last remaining soldiers who defended the Fortress for many days without food or water.
The main part of the memorial is the Square of Ceremonies, leading to the Museum of the Defence of Brest fortress and the ruins of the White Palace.
The Bayonet Obelisk, 100m high, can be seen from any part of the fortress, and is linked to the main Courage monument by 3 rows of tombstones. Only 216 of the 850 defenders who died here are known.
The Courage monument stands 33.5m high and tells the story of the heroic defence of the fortress through a series of carvings. There is an eternal flame which is guarded by 4 teenagers from the Pioneers Corps.
There is an Eternal Fire in front of the remnants of the former engineering department.
Further in to the Fortress you will find the iconic Kholmsky Gate, with its bullet-riddled walls.
Getting to Brest Fortress and where to stay
Brest Fortress is best reached on foot. It is about a 30-minute walk from the centre of Brest.
Alternatively there is an hourly bus service from the town.
Whilst you are visiting Brest Fortress you can stay in one of the many Brest hotels, which cater for a wide range of tastes and budgets.
Tourist attractions near Brest Fortress
In order to see everything that Brest Fortress has to offer, you really need to dedicate a whole day to your visit. If you stay longer in Brest there are plenty of other things to see including:
• The Museum of the Railway Equipment in Brest
• St Simeon Orthodox Cathedral (16th Century)
• The museum of the Middle Age town Berestye
• Belovezhskaya Pushcha State National Park and Biosphere Reserve
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Chapelle de Brionnet - Saurier - Puy de Dôme
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Eilean Donan Castle
Eilean Donan Castle May 18
History of Russia
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History of Russia is fascinating. Watch this documentary to learn more about it.
The history of Russia is anticipated to be a commonly comprehensible and plainly structured outline of Russia’s history since 1283, after the rise of Moscow. Watch this movie to understand the fundamentals of the Russian History.
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism
00:03:13 1 Background
00:08:39 1.1 Russkiy Mir vs Romiosyne
00:09:10 1.1.1 Russkiy Mir
00:09:58 1.1.2 Romiosyne
00:10:32 1.2 1996 schism over Estonia
00:11:51 2 Deterioration of Moscow–Constantinople relations
00:12:31 2.1 Three Orthodox churches in Ukraine
00:15:28 2.2 Ecumenical Patriarchate and the ecclesiastical situation in Ukraine
00:19:31 3 Autocephaly of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine
00:19:42 3.1 June 2016 request of autocephaly
00:21:01 3.2 April 2018 request of autocephaly
00:26:39 3.3 Ecumenical Patriarch's legates in Ukraine and reactions of the Russian Orthodox Church
00:29:30 3.4 September 2018: Russian Orthodox synod's retaliatory measures and the aftermath
00:32:39 3.5 11 October 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:37:13 3.6 29 November 2018 communiqué of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:39:36 4 Break of communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate by the Russian Orthodox Church
00:40:36 4.1 Declarations by the Russian Orthodox Church
00:50:35 4.2 Declarations by the Ecumenical Patriarchate
00:51:00 5 Events in Ukraine
00:51:09 5.1 Transfer of St Andrew's church
00:53:27 5.2 Cancellation of the transfer of the Pochayiv Lavra
00:55:10 5.3 Planned unification council
01:05:19 5.3.1 Convocation of the council
01:08:03 5.3.2 Disagreement with the UOC-KP
01:12:53 5.3.3 Unification council
01:14:47 5.3.4 Election of Metropolitan Epiphany
01:15:12 5.4 Ukrainian Supreme Court
01:15:59 5.5 Kerch Strait incident
01:16:40 6 Reactions
01:16:49 6.1 International community
01:18:50 6.2 Responses from other autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches
01:19:02 6.2.1 Church of Cyprus
01:19:57 6.2.2 Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria and the Polish Orthodox Church
01:21:47 6.2.3 Serbian Orthodox Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch
01:24:13 6.2.4 Georgian Orthodox Church
01:25:32 6.2.5 Romanian Orthodox Church
01:26:58 6.2.6 Albanian Orthodox Church
01:28:59 6.2.7 Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia
01:29:59 6.2.8 Other Orthodox churches
01:30:43 6.3 Responses from churches under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church
01:30:56 6.3.1 Belarusian Orthodox Church
01:32:05 6.3.2 Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia
01:33:58 6.3.3 Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)
01:37:34 6.3.4 Archdiocese of Chersonesus
01:38:25 6.4 Responses from churches under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate
01:38:37 6.4.1 Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox Churches in Western Europe
01:40:21 6.4.1.1 Defection of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Nativity of Christ
01:42:55 6.4.1.2 Dissolution of the archdiocese
01:46:16 6.4.2 American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese
01:46:40 6.4.3 Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany
01:47:51 7 Canonical issues
01:50:21 7.1 Ecumenical Patriarchate's claims
01:54:39 7.2 Arguments against the Ecumenical Patriarchate's claims
01:57:07 7.3 Possibility of a pan-Orthodox synaxis on the question of Ukraine
02:01:07 8 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Moscow–Constantinople schism, also known as the Orthodox Church schism of 2018, is a schism which began on 15 October 2018 when the Russian Orthodox Church unilaterally severed full communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. This was done in response to a decision of the synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate on 11 October 2018 to move towards granting independence (autocephaly) to the orthodox Church of Ukraine, to reestablish the stauropegion of the Ecumenical Patriarch in Kiev, to revoke the legal binding of the letter of 1686 which led to the Russian Orthodox Church establishing jurisdiction over the Ukrainian Church, and to lift the excommunications which affected clergy and faithful of two unrecognized Orthodox churches in Ukraine.Those two churches (the UAOC and the UOC-KP) were competing with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) and were, and still are, considered schismatics b ...
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Pre-reform Russian orthography: Россійская Имперія, Modern Russian: Российская империя, translit: Rossiyskaya Imperiya) was a state that existed from 1721 until overthrown by the short-lived liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. It played a major role in 1812–14 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south. It was often in conflict with the Ottoman Empire (which in turn was usually protected by the British).
At the beginning of the 19th century, it extended from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea on the south, from the Baltic Sea on the west to the Pacific Ocean, and (until 1867) into Alaska in North America on the east. With 125.6 million subjects registered by the 1897 census, it had the third largest population in the world at the time, after Qing China and the British Empire. Like all empires, it included a large disparity in terms of economics, ethnicity, and religion. There were numerous dissident elements, who launched numerous rebellions and assassination attempts; they were closely watched by the secret police, with thousands exiled to Siberia. Economically it was heavily rural with low productivity on large estates worked by serfs, until they were freed in 1861. The economy slowly industrialized with the help of foreign investments in railways and factories. The land was ruled by a nobility called Boyars from the 10th through the 17th centuries, and then was ruled by an emperor called the Tsar. Tsar Ivan III (1462 – 1505) laid the groundwork for the empire that later emerged. He tripled the territory of his state, ended the dominance of the Golden Horde, renovated the Moscow Kremlin, and laid the foundations of the Russian state. Tsar Peter the Great (1682 - 1725) fought numerous wars and built a huge empire that became a major European power. He moved the capital from Moscow to the new model city of St. Petersburg, and led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political system with a modern, scientific, Europe-oriented, and rationalist system. Catherine the Great (1761 - 1796) presided over a golden age. She expanded the nation rapidly by conquest, colonization and diplomacy. She continued Peter the Great's policy of modernisation along West European lines. Tsar Alexander II (1855 - 1881) promoted numerous reforms, most dramatically the emancipation of all 23 million serfs in 1861. His policy in Eastern Europe was to protect the Orthodox Christians under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. That involvement by 1914 led to Russia's entry into the First World War on the side of Serbia and the Allies, and against the German, Austrian and Ottoman empires. Russia was an absolute monarchy until the Revolution of 1905 and then became a constitutional monarchy. The empire collapsed during the February Revolution of 1917, the result of massive failures in its participation in the First World War.
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NYSTV - Nostradamus Prophet of the Illuminati - David Carrico and the Midnight Ride - Multi Language
Nostradamus is the most well known prophet of the millennium because his predictions came true. What was the true source of his visions? How deeply ingrained in the occult was he? What was his medical background? What innovations did he use to fight the Black Plague that was rampant at the time? Was he a puppet working for the Illuminati? Or were they working for him?
Now the real question is, was Nostradamus just a psyops planned hundreds of years ago and the demonic forces are just controlling events as Nostradamus predicted?
Some deep insights into the life and times of Nostradamus with David Carrico of The Midnight Ride.
In depth information you'd have to watch like 8 documentaries about Nostradamus to get.
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Afrikaans: gevalle engel
Arabic: ملاك ساقط
Azerbaijani: düşmüş mələk
Belarusian: Палы анёл
Bulgarian: паднал ангел
Bengali: পতিত দেবদূত
Bosnian: pali andjeo
Catalan: Àngel caigut
Cebuano: napukan nga anghel
Czech: padlý anděl
Welsh: angel syrthio
Danish: falden engel
German: fallen angel
Greek: έκπτωτος άγγελος
English: fallen angel
Esperanto: fallen angel
Spanish: Ángel caido
Estonian: Langenud ingel
Basque: Aingeru eroria
Persian: فرشته افتاده
Finnish: langennut enkeli
French: Ange déchu
Irish: aingeal tar éis titim
Galician: Anxo caído
Gujarati: ઘટી દેવદૂત
Hausa: mala'ika ya fadi
Hindi: गिरी हुई परी
Hmong: fallen angel
Croatian: pali anđeo
Haitian Creole: tonbe zanj
Hungarian: Bukott angyal
Armenian: ընկած հրեշտակ
Indonesian: Malaikat yang jatuh
Igbo: mmụọ ozi dara ada
Icelandic: fallinn engill
Italian: Angelo caduto
Hebrew: מלאך שנפל
Japanese: 堕天使
Javanese: widodari tiba
Georgian: დაცემული ანგელოზი
Kazakh: құлаған ангел
Khmer: ទេវតាធ្លាក់ចុះ
Kannada: ಬಿದ್ದ ದೇವದೂತ
Korean: 타락한 천사
Latin: fallen angel
Lao: fallen angel
Lithuanian: kritęs angelas
Latvian: kritušais enģelis
Malagasy: anjely nianjera
Maori: anahera hinga
Macedonian: паднат ангел
Malayalam: വീണുപോയ ദൂതൻ
Mongolian: унасан тэнгэр элч
Marathi: पडलेला देवदूत
Malay: malaikat yang jatuh
Maltese: waqa 'anġlu
Myanmar (Burmese): ပြိုလဲကောငျးကငျတမနျ
Nepali: गिर परी
Dutch: gevallen engel
Norwegian: Fallen engel
Chichewa: mngelo wakugwa
Punjabi: ਡਿੱਗ ਦੂਤ
Polish: upadły anioł
Portuguese: anjo caído
Romanian: inger decazut
Russian: падший ангел
Sinhala: වැටුනාවූ දූතයා
Slovak: padlý anjel
Slovenian: padli angel
Somali: malaa'igtii dhacday
Albanian: engjell i rene
Serbian: пали анђео
Sesotho: lengeloi le oeleng
Sundanese: malaikat fallen
Swedish: fallen ängel
Swahili: malaika aliyeanguka
Tamil: விழுந்த தேவதை
Telugu: స్వర్గం నుంచి పడిన దేవత
Tajik: фариштаи золим
Thai: เทวดาตกสวรรค์
Filipino: nahulog na anghel
Turkish: düşmüş melek
Ukrainian: занепалий ангел
Urdu: باغی فرشتہ
Uzbek: tushgan farishta
Vietnamese: Thiên thần sa ngã
Yiddish: געפאלן מלאך
Yoruba: angẹli ti o ṣubu
Chinese: 堕落的天使
Chinese (Simplified): 堕落的天使
Chinese (Traditional): 墮落的天使
Zulu: ingelosi ewile
Afrikaans: Lucifer
Arabic: إبليس
Azerbaijani: lucifer
Belarusian: Люцыпар
Bulgarian: Луцифер
Bengali: শয়তান
Bosnian: lucifer
Catalan: lucifer
Cebuano: lucifer
Czech: Lucifer
Welsh: lucifer
Danish: lucifer
German: Luzifer
Greek: Εωσφόρος
English: lucifer
Esperanto: lucifer
Spanish: lucifer
Estonian: lutsifer
Timeline of Russian innovation | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Timeline of Russian innovation
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Timeline of Russian Innovation encompasses key events in the history of technology in Russia, starting from the Early East Slavs and up to the Russian Federation.
The entries in this timeline fall into the following categories:
Indigenous inventions, like airliners, AC transformers, radio receivers, television, artificial satellites, ICBMs
Products and objects that are uniquely Russian, like Saint Basil's Cathedral, Matryoshka dolls, Russian vodka
Products and objects with superlative characteristics, like the Tsar Bomba, the AK-47, and Typhoon class submarine
Scientific and medical discoveries, like the periodic law, vitamins and stem cellsThis timeline examines scientific and medical discoveries, products and technologies introduced by various peoples of Russia and its predecessor states, regardless of ethnicity, and also lists inventions by naturalized immigrant citizens. Certain innovations achieved by a national operation may also may be included in this timeline, in cases where the Russian side played a major role in such projects.
Slavic Native Faith | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Slavic Native Faith
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Slavic Native Faith, also known as Rodnovery, is a modern Pagan religion. Classified as a new religious movement, its practitioners harken back to the historical belief systems of the Slavic peoples of Central and Eastern Europe. Rodnovery is a widely accepted self-descriptor within the community, although there are Rodnover organisations which further characterise the religion as Orthodoxy, Old Belief and Vedism.
Rodnovers typically regard their religion as a faithful continuation of ancient beliefs that survived as folk religion or as conscious double belief following the Christianisation of the Slavs in the Middle Ages. Rodnovery draws upon surviving historical and archaeological sources, folk religion and even non-Slavic sources such as Hinduism. Rodnover theology and cosmology may be described as pantheism and polytheism—worship of the supreme God of the universe and of the multiple gods, ancestors and spirits of nature identified through Slavic culture. Adherents usually meet together in groups to conduct religious ceremonies. These typically entail the invocation of gods, sacrifices and the pouring of libations, dances and a communal meal.
Rodnover ethical thinking emphasises the good of the collective over the rights of the individual. The religion is patriarchal, and attitudes towards sex and gender are generally conservative. Rodnovery has developed distinctive strains of political and identitary philosophy. Rodnover organisations often characterise themselves as ethnic religions, emphasising that the religion is bound to Slavic ethnicity. This often manifests as ethnic nationalism, opposition to miscegenation and the belief in the fundamental difference of racial groups. Rodnovers often glorify Slavic history, criticising the impact of Christianity in Slavic countries and arguing that these nations will play a central place in the world's future. Rodnovers share a strong feeling that their religion represents a paradigmatic shift which will overcome Western thought and what they call mono-ideologies.
The contemporary organised Rodnovery movement arose from a multiplicity of sources and charismatic leaders just at the brink of the collapse of the Soviet Union and spread rapidly by the mid-1990s and the 2000s. Antecedents are to be found in late 18th- and 19th-century Slavic Romanticism, which glorified the pre-Christian beliefs of Slavic societies. Active religious practitioners devoted to establishing Slavic Native Faith appeared in Poland and Ukraine in the 1930s and 1940s. Following the Second World War and the establishment of communist states throughout the Eastern Bloc, new variants were established by Slavic emigrants living in Western countries, being later introduced in Central and Eastern European countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In recent times, the movement has been increasingly studied in academic scholarship.
Moscow | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Moscow
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Moscow (; Russian: Москва́, tr. Moskvá, IPA: [mɐˈskva] (listen)) is the capital and most populous city of Russia, with 13.2 million residents within the city limits and 17 million within the urban area. Moscow is one of Russia's federal cities.
Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe, as well as the largest city (both by population and by area) entirely on the European continent. By broader definitions Moscow is among the world's largest cities, being the 14th largest metro area, the 18th largest agglomeration, the 14th largest urban area, and the 11th largest by population within city limits worldwide. According to Forbes 2013, Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world by Mercer and has one of the world's largest urban economies, being ranked as an alpha global city according to the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world according to the MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index.
Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity and metropolis on Earth. It is home to the Ostankino Tower, the tallest free standing structure in Europe; the Federation Tower, the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe; and the Moscow International Business Center. By its territorial expansion on July 1 2012 southwest into the Moscow Oblast, the area of the capital more than doubled, going from 1,091 to 2,511 square kilometers (421 to 970 sq mi), resulting in Moscow becoming the largest city on the European continent by area; it also gained an additional population of 233,000 people.Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia, making it Europe's most populated inland city. The city is well known for its architecture, particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil's Cathedral with its colourful architectural style. With over 40 percent of its territory covered by greenery, it is one of the greenest capitals and major cities in Europe and the world, having the largest forest in an urban area within its borders—more than any other major city—even before its expansion in 2012.
The city has served as the capital of a progression of states, from the medieval Grand Duchy of Moscow and the subsequent Tsardom of Russia to the Russian Empire to the Soviet Union and the contemporary Russian Federation.
Moscow is the seat of power of the Government of Russia, being the site of the Moscow Kremlin, a medieval city-fortress that is today the residence for work of the President of Russia. The Moscow Kremlin and Red Square are also one of several World Heritage Sites in the city. Both chambers of the Russian parliament (the State Duma and the Federation Council) also sit in the city. Moscow is considered the centre of Russian culture, having served as the home of Russian artists, scientists and sports figures and because of the presence of museums, academic and political institutions and theatres.
The city is served by a transit network, which includes four international airports, nine railway terminals, numerous trams, a monorail system and one of the deepest underground rapid transit systems in the world, the Moscow Metro, the fourth-largest in the world and largest outside Asia in terms of passenger numbers, and the busiest in Europe. It is recognised as one of the city's landmarks due to the rich architecture of its 200 stations.Moscow has acquired a number of epithets, most referring to its size and preeminent status within the nation: The Third Rome (Третий Рим), the Whitestone One (Белокаменная), the First Throne (Первопрестольная), the Forty Soroks (Сорок Сороков) (sorok meaning both forty, a great many and a district or parish in Old Russian).
Moscow is also one of the twelve Hero Cities. The demonym for a Moscow res ...
History of Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
History of Russia
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The History of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs and the Finno-Ugric peoples. The traditional beginning of Russian history is the establishment of Kievan Rus', the first united Eastern Slavic state, in 882. The state adopted Christianity from the Byzantine Empire in 988, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Orthodox Slavic culture for the next millennium. Kievan Rus' ultimately disintegrated as a state due to the Mongol invasions in 1237–1240 along with the resulting deaths of about half the population of Rus'.
After the 13th century, Moscow became a cultural center, and by the 18th century, the Tsardom of Russia had grown to become the Russian Empire, stretching from eastern Poland to the Pacific Ocean. Peasant revolts were common, and all were fiercely suppressed. Russian serfdom was abolished in 1861, but the peasants fared poorly and often turned to revolutionary pressures. In the following decades, reform efforts such as the Stolypin reforms, the constitution of 1906, and the State Duma attempted to open and liberalize the economy and political system, but the tsars refused to relinquish autocratic rule or share their power.
The Russian Revolution in 1917 was triggered by a combination of economic breakdown, war-weariness, and discontent with the autocratic system of government. It initially brought to power a coalition of liberals and moderate socialists, but their failed policies led to seizure of power by the communist Bolsheviks on 25 October. Between 1922 and 1991, the history of Russia is essentially the history of the Soviet Union, effectively an ideologically based state which was roughly conterminous with the Russian Empire before the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The approach to the building of socialism, however, varied over different periods in Soviet history, from the mixed economy and diverse society and culture of the 1920s to the command economy and repressions of the Joseph Stalin era to the era of stagnation in the 1980s. From its first years, government in the Soviet Union was based on the one-party rule of the Communists, as the Bolsheviks called themselves, beginning in March 1918.
By the mid-1980s, with the weaknesses of its economic and political structures becoming acute, Mikhail Gorbachev embarked on major reforms, which led to the overthrow of the communist party and the breakup of the USSR, leaving Russia again on its own and marking the start of the history of post-Soviet Russia. The Russian Federation began in January 1992 as the legal successor to the USSR. Russia retained its nuclear arsenal but lost its superpower status. Scrapping the socialist central planning and state ownership of property of the socialist era, new leaders, led by President Vladimir Putin, took political and economic power after 2000 and engaged in an energetic foreign policy. Russia's recent annexation of the Crimean peninsula has led to severe economic sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union.
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until overthrown by a liberal February Revolution in 1917. One of the largest empires in world history, stretching over three continents, the Russian Empire was surpassed in landmass only by the British and Mongol empires. It played a major role in 1812--14 in defeating Napoleon's ambitions to control Europe, and expanded to the west and south. It was often in conflict with the Ottoman Empire .
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Russia | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Russia
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Russia (Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə]), officially the Russian Federation (Russian: Росси́йская Федера́ция, tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, IPA: [rɐˈsʲijskəjə fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjə]), is a country in Eurasia. At 17,125,200 square kilometres (6,612,100 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with about 144.5 million people as of 2018, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital, Moscow, is the largest metropolitan area in Europe proper and one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait.
The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east.Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic.
Russia's economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons ...