St. Nicholas Cathedral

St.Nicholas Cathedral, St.Petersburg, Russia

Никольсакий собор в Санкт-Петербугре, Россия. St.Nicholas Cathedral, St.Petersburg, Russia

Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow serves Divine Liturgy - The Lord's Transfiguration

His Holiness Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia Cyril I served Divine Liturgy at the Feast of Lord's Transfiguration in st Nikolai's Cathedral, Murmansk.

The Island of Valaam. / Остров Валаам.

Valaam is the island in Republic of Karelia of Russia, located in the Northern part of the largest freshwater lakes in Europe - Ladoga, it is the largest island in the Valaam archipelago. On the island there is the village of Valaam, and the monument of Russian architecture - the Valaam monastery, founded before the baptism of Russia, in the year 960, the monk Sergius and Herman, the Greek Holy monks. Transfiguration monastery became the spiritual center of Ladoga lands. It is believed that in ancient times on the island, was located the main temple of Veles (or Volos) and Perun, who were the main deities for the Gentiles living close. The monastic tradition says that the Holy Apostle Andrew, enlightener of the Scythians and the Slavic peoples, moving along the route from the Varangians to the Greeks, blessed of cross the mountain on the island. In the 15th century the monastery was called the Great Lavra or the Northern Athos. Here was the center of world Orthodoxy and writing of books. By the early 16th century in the monastery lived 600 monks. Now in the monastery about two hundred inhabitants. Life revived in All saints, the Baptist, St. Nicholas, Svyatoostrovsky, Sergievsky sketes.
Period 1839-1917 is the heyday of the monastery. In 1989 on December 13, the day of memory of St. Andrew, when the island came six monks, the monastery began the process of revival. And 16 years later, in 2005, was first heard 1000-pound bell Andrew, mounted on the bell tower in the monastery in the framework of the restoration of an ancient belfry. The feast of the Nativity of the blessed virgin Mary September 21, 2008 Patriarch Alexy II consecrated the St. Vladimir skete on Valaam island and conducted the first divine Liturgy in the temple. Resurrection skete, located above Big Nikon Bay, on the mountain, was built in the early twentieth century in the place where according to tradition St. The Apostle Andrew erected a stone cross. Valaam island attracts every year thousands of tourists. The reason - the Valaam Islands have a unique nature, pine forests on the cliffs, warm and quiet inland lakes, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Valaam monastery. During its formation, the monks brought the land, seeds and seedlings of plants from different parts of our country. For such a Northern location is not usual to see some trees and grass. The age of some of them is over three hundred years. The work of the Valaam monks are so fundamental that some areas are truly hand-made. Balaam - the natural reserve, a unique monument of Park art. There are more than 480 species of plants. The island was visited repeatedly by emperors Alexander I, Alexander II, and other members of the imperial family and also Tchaikovsky and Mendeleyev.
The present life of the monastery, another indication that faith invariably raises and restores the monastery from the ruins. So it was throughout the history of Valaam barbarous raids of the Swedes in ancient times, the bombing and the uncertain fate of the monastery during World War 2, it complete, it would seem that the devastation in the era of atheism – monastic life always has returned to these shores.

Saint Petersburg Russia tours www.ivacademy.net

Saint Petersburg Russia tours ivacademy.net
Get you personal or group tour in Saint Petersburg, Call us! Skype: IRFFMD
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‏ Standard 6 Day tour / 31H inSt. Petersburg: Day 1: 9:00 AM: Meeting at your hotel.
· Grand Choral Synagogue (if desired)
· Peter and Paul Fortress & Cathedral (inside tour)
· Afternoon Lunch break St. Isaac's Cathedral (inside tour)
· 15:30: Return to your hotel
Day 2: 7 Hours. 9:00 AM: Meeting at your hotel
· Morning Drive to Pushkin (Tsarskoe Selo) Catherine's Palace & the Amber Room (inside tour)
· Catherine's Park (walking tour)
· Drive to Pavlovsk
· Afternoon Lunch break
· Pavlovsk Palace (inside tour)
· Pavlovsk Parks Drive to St. Petersburg
· 16:00: Return to your hotel
Day 3: 5 Hours. 10:00 AM: Meeting at your hotel.
· Morning The Hermitage Museum (inside tour),
· Hermitage Gold Rooms (optional)
· Afternoon Lunch break Nevsky Prospect walking tour
· 15:00: Return to your hotel.
Day 4: 5 Hours 10:00AM: Meeting at your hotel
· Morning Drive to Peterhof Grand Palace of Peterhof (inside tour),
· Peterhof Fountain Park and Upper Gardens Afternoon
· Lunch break Drive to St. Petersburg with St. Petersburg Subway Tour
· 15:00: Return to your hotel
Day 5: 4 Hours: 10:00AM: Meeting at your hotel
· Morning The Yusupov Palace with Rasputin Cellar Exhibit (inside tour)
· Afternoon St. Nicholas Cathedral (inside tour)
· 14:00 Return to your hotel
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Driving to and on Saint Petersburg Ring Road in Russia

The Saint Petersburg Ring Road (Russian: Кольцева́я автомоби́льная доро́га вокру́г г. Санкт-Петербу́рга, Koltsevaya avtomobilnaya doroga vokrug g. Sankt-Peterburga, abbreviated КАД, KAD) is a 142 km (88 mile) orbital freeway encircling Saint Petersburg, Russia. It is the only beltway around the city. The St. Petersburg Ring Road in the Russian road numbering system is listed as the federal public road A-118

Eternal Flame, Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Alexander Park, Kremlin, Moscow, Russia

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier - Memorial architectural ensemble in Moscow's Alexander Garden, the Kremlin walls.
On the tombstone is a bronze composition - a soldier's helmet and a laurel branch lying on the battle flag.
In the center of the memorial - a niche with the words Your name is unknown, your deed is immortal (proposed by S. Mikhalkov, in another version - the result of joint efforts of poets and writers MK Lukonina, SV Mikhalkov, KM Simon and S. Smirnov.) of labradorite with a bronze five-pointed star in the center, in the middle of which burns the eternal flame of glory.
To the left of the tomb - a wall of crimson quartzite with the inscription: For the Motherland of the Fallen 1941 1945 on the right - a granite walkway with blocks of dark red porphyry. On every block - the name of the hero-city and embossed image of Gold Star. The units are capsules with the ground hero cities:
Leningrad (with Piskarevsky)
Kiev (from the foot of the Obelisk, the participants of Defense)
Stalingrad (with Mamaev Kurgan) - up to September 2004 the inscription reads Volgograd
Odessa (with defensive lines)
Sevastopol (with Malakhov)
Minsk (with defensive lines)
Kerch (with defensive lines)
Novorossiysk (with defensive lines)
The Brest Fortress (from the foot of the walls)
Tula (with defensive lines)
Murmansk (with defensive lines)
Smolensk (with defensive lines).

Тролле́бус trolleybus rides Epiphany Cathedral. At the residencethe German lyrics.

The then German life seq. Associated with Peter, stayed in the street names and numerous alleys - Apothecary (on first private pharmacy in Moscow, opened for settlement in 1701 of King James Gregory gu), Brigadirskii, Starokirochny, Messengers, Lefort. It was in the German lyrics. Peter commanded to build respect. Of the Government of the Senate, where he was later transferred to St. Petersburg. By royal order, by the way, jewelers German lyrics. made the first Order of St. Andrew. And of course, that when the times of Peter the Great began to settle here and visiting Russian approached the king, the situation has changed to the opposite - in the alien settlement needed a large Orthodox church. Peter favored the construction of the Cathedral of the Epiphany. Moreover, after the reforms of Peter the brink of German settlement and the rest of Moscow gradually erased, and more and more people settled in the borough. Over time, with the gradual disappearance of the alien cl closed, they became more and more, and the close of the Epiphany Church is no longer accommodate all the worshipers. In 1792-93 years. it built a vast refectory, where they had brought the old chapel of the Annunciation, and consecrated a new one - in the name of Saint. Nicholas. the residence of the king of the German lyrics. The then German life seq. Associated with Peter, stayed in the street names and numerous alleys - Apothecary (on first private pharmacy in Moscow, opened for settlement in 1701 of King James Gregory gu), Brigadirskii, Starokirochny, Messengers, Lefort. It was in the German lyrics. Peter commanded to build respect. Of the Government of the Senate, where he was later transferred to St. Petersburg.by the way, jewelers German lyrics. made the first Order of St. Andrew. And of course, that when the times of Peter the Great began to settle here and visiting Russian approached the king, the situation has changed to the opposite - in the alien settlement needed a large Orthodox church. Peter favored the construction of the Cathedral of the Epiphany. Moreover, after the reforms of Peter the brink of German settlement and the rest of Moscow gradually erased, and more and more Russian Orthodox people settled in the borough. Over time, with the gradual disappearance of the alien cl closed, they became more and more, and the close of the Epiphany Church is no longer accommodate all the worshipers. In 1792-93 years. it built a vast refectory, where they had brought the old chapel of the Annunciation, and consecrated a new one - Verbunden mit Peter, blieb in den Straßennamen und zahlreichen. Durch königlichen Befehl, durch die Art und Weise, Juweliere deutschen Texten. machte den ersten Order of St. Andrew. Und natürlich, dass, wenn die Zeiten von Peter dem Großen, hier und besuchen russischen niederzulassen begannen näherte sich dem König, hat sich die Situation auf der gegenüberliegenden verändert - in der fremden Siedlung brauchte eine große orthodoxe Kirche. Peter favorisiert den Bau der Kathedrale der Erscheinung des Herrn. Darüber hinaus wurde nach den Reformen Peters des Rande der deutschen Siedlung und der Rest von Moskau nach gelöscht, und mehr und mehr russisch-orthodoxen Menschen in der Gemeinde angesiedelt. Im Laufe der Zeit, mit dem allmählichen Verschwinden des Fremden cl geschlossen, wurden sie mehr und mehr, und das Ende des Epiphany Kirche ist nicht mehr Platz für alle, die Anbeter. Im Jahre 1792 bis 93. es baute eine große Refektorium, wo sie die alte Kapelle der Verkündigung gebracht hatte, und weihte eine neue - im Namen des Heiligen. Nicholas. die Residenz des Königs der deutschen Texten. Der damalige deutsche Leben seq. Verbunden mit Peter, blieb in den Str-nnamen und zahlreichen Gassen - Apotheker (auf erste private Apotheke in Moskau eröffnete für die Abrechnung in 1701 von König James Gregory gu), Brigadirskii, Starokirochny, Messengers, Lefort. Peter befohlen Respekt aufzubauen. Der Regierung des Senats, wo er später nach St. Petersburg übertragen. Durch königlichen Befehl, durch die Art und Weise, Juweliere deutschen Texten. machte den ersten Order of St. Andrew. Und natürlich, dass, wenn die Zeiten von Peter dem Großen, hier und besuchen russischen niederzulassen begannen näherte sich dem König, hat sich die Situation auf der gegenüberliegenden verändert - in der fremden Siedlung brauchte eine große orthodoxe Kirche. Peter favorisiert den Bau der Kathedrale der Erscheinung des Herrn. Darüber hinaus wurde nach den Reformen Peters des Rande der deutschen Siedlung und der Rest von Moskau nach gelöscht, und mehr und mehr russisch-orthodoxen Menschen in der Gemeinde angesiedelt. To było w niemieckich tekstach. Peter kazał zbudować szacunek. . Alman sözleri kralın ikamet At. Daha sonra Alman hayat seq. (Moskova'da ilk özel eczane, Kral James Gregory gu 1701 yılında yerleşime açılması).

Пресвятая Богородица спаси нас. 50. Валаамский хор.

За свою более чем 1000-летнюю историю Валаамский монастырь пережил множество как духовных, так и материальных взлётов и падений.
Наиболее значимые из них, произошедшие в XX-XXI вв., это:
— полная эвакуация обители с Валаамского архипелага в глубь Финляндии во время советско-финской войны 1939-1940 гг.;
— наступившее за этим разорение и забвение монастыря на многие десятилетия;
— возвращение монастыря Русской Православной Церкви и начало его духовного возрождения и реставрации в декабре 1989 г.;
— окончательное восстановление и освящение Святейшим Патриархом Алексием II главной Валаамской святыни – Спасо-Преображенского собора в августе 2005 г. В связи с этим событием по благословению игумена Валаамской обители, епископа Троицкого Панкратия был организован профессиональный мужской хор монастыря.

В состав хора вошли профессиональные музыканты из Санкт-Петербурга, выпускники Хорового училища при Государственной академической капелле им. М. И. Глинки и Санкт-Петербургской Государственной консерватории им. Н. А. Римского-Корсакова, дипломированные дирижёры и вокалисты, ведущие певцы вокальных, хоровых коллективов и музыкальных театров Санкт-Петербурга. Среди них заслуженные артисты Республики Карелии Михаил Круглов (род. в 1972, бас-профундо) и Дмитрий Попов (род. в 1967, контр-тенор), лауреаты международных конкурсов Александр Бордак (род. в 1973, тенор) и Борис Петров (род. в 1984, баритон). Постоянные творческие партнёры хора — заслуженный артист России Владимир Миллер (род. 1964), солист Государственного Мариинского театра Санкт-Петербурга Владимир Целебровский, солист Государственного академического Большого театра России Станислав Мостовой, солист Государственного Санкт-Петербургского музыкального театра «Зазеркалье» Антон Росицкий. Средний возраст участников хора 35 лет.

Хор Валаамского монастыря – уникальный творческий коллектив, деятельность которого связана с непосредственными благословениями игумена Валаамского монастыря, епископа Троицкого Панкратия. Хор одновременно является богослужебно-певческим и концертным творческим коллективом. Он участвует в праздничных богослужениях на Валаамском подворье в С.-Петербурге. Храм подворья – единственное место в городе, где аутентичные древнерусские песнопения исполняются по старинному обычаю «антифонно» (попеременно) на два «лика» и одним общим хором вместе. Коллектив сопровождает Патриаршие богослужения на Валааме, торжественные приёмы на острове Президента и членов Правительства РФ, других высокопоставленных гостей монастыря. В период летнего паломнического сезона певцы хора помогают в пении хору братии Валаамского монастыря и дают благотворительные концерты, знакомя многочисленных гостей обители с традициями валаамского церковного пения.

Концертная деятельность хора началась в 2007 г. с выступления на торжественном собрании Торгово-промышленной палаты России, возглавляемой Е. М. Примаковым. В мае 2008 г. хор дал сольный концерт в базилике Святителя Николая города Бари в рамках Фестиваля российского искусства в Италии, организованного по личной инициативе В. В. Путина и С. Берлускони. Сольные выступления хора состоялись на самых престижных академических концертных площадках России – в Большом зале Филармонии С.-Петербурга, в Концертном зале им. П. И. Чайковского Филармонии, в Большом зале Консерватории, в Международном Доме Музыки Москвы. Гастроли хора прошли в Нижнем Новгороде, Красноярске, Саратове, Тамбове, Рязани, во всех крупных городах СЗФО (Архангельске, Петрозаводске, Мурманске, Вологде, Пскове, Вел. Новгороде, Сыктывкаре), в Минске, в Алматы. С 2013 г. хор ежегодно в начале января организует и исполняет Рождественский концерт в Исаакиевском соборе С.-Петербурга, первый из которых собрал около 6000 слушателей. Хор первым из российских исполнителей создал специальную программу, посвященную 100-летию начала Первой мировой войны — «ЗАБЫТАЯ ВОЙНА», и представил ее в январе 2014 г. на сцене БКЗ «Октябрьский»в Санкт-Петербурге. В январе 2015 г. по приглашению народного артиста СССР Владимира Спивакова и митрополита Волоколамского Илариона (Алфеева) хор принял участие в V Московском Рождественском фестивале духовной музыки на сцене ММДМ, представив программу «Свет Христов просвещает всех!».

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Приход храма Святого праведного Иоанна Кронштадтского Чудотворца. Волгоград. Россия.

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'Flying Church' Launches in Russia

The 'flying church' has a parachuting priest section.

The Russian military is definitely on top of things.

Serving the Orthodox Christian soldiers in the army and navy, it debuted a 'flying church' along with a division of priests experienced in parachuting and assembly. The air-dropped house of worship is said to be the first of its kind in the world.

Paratroopers were recently photographed holding exercises a little over 100 miles away from Moscow. A Russian news outlet reported that some of the 'paratroopers' were actually priests.

A Western military district spokesperson states that the priests work to meet the spiritual demands of military personnel and to improve morale and discipline in military units.

In March, 2012, the Russian media covered the story of such a church in the works.

Images showed that the religious structure has everything required for prayer services including crucifixes and bells. It possesses its own refrigerator and air-conditioning unit.

All kinds of parachute drops are routinely made as part of military operations around the world. Hummers were air-dropped into the battlefield during the Iraq War operations.

Even dogs have been known to parachute along with soldiers on military missions. Once on ground, cameras are attached to them and used for geting enemy positions to the infantry.

Driving in Saint-Petersburg during white nights

Testing wearable digital camera Panasonic HX-A1 while driving in Saint-Petersburg, Russia at night (9-30 PM). 1080p.

Also white nights!

Тестирование экшн-камеры Panasonic HX-A1M только что из коробки, вечер, белые ночи, Санкт-Петербург.

Monastery of the Holy Trinity 2011 #2

Monastery of the Holy Trinity in Sergiev Posad, Russia. Tour from Moscow, Russia 2011.

Driving by S-Petersburg Ring Road via Kronstadt

Gala concert Vienna Stars 2014. Vocal group Dewdrop Russian folk song. Zelenoborsky, Russia

Gala concert Vienna Stars. Vocal group Dewdrop. Russian folk song. MAOU DOD Children's Music School, Zelenoborsky in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia. International Competition and Art Festival Vienna Stars. 03.11.2014. Vienna. Austria. Jury: Nina Igudesman, Hanna Melnyk, Catherine Potego, Arkadij Gamarnik. Russian Austria - news, forum, jobs, dating, tourism. Catalog of Russianspeaking businesses and private services. Info:

Gala concert Vienna Stars. Vokalgruppe Tautropfen. Russisches Volkslied. MAOU DOD Kindermusikschule, Zelenoborskij bei Kandalakscha, Murmansk Gebiet. Russland. Der internationale Wettbewerb Wiener Sterne“. 03.11.2014. Wien. Österreich. Jury: Nina Igudesman, Hanna Melnyk, Ekaterina Potego, Arkadij Gamarnik. Russisches Österreich - News, Forum, Jobs, Partnersuche, Tourismus. Katalog der russischsprachigen Unternehmen und private Dienstleistungen. Info:

Православные храмы и монастыри (Orthodox churches and monasteries HD)

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Moscow: History, Art and Architecture:

Music: ‘Return of the Gucci Ghost’ by Donnie Ozone
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photo credits and sources

2nd Kremlin photo: A. Savin via Wikimedia Commons
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (link below)

graves in and near the Kremlin wall: Alex Zelenko via Wikimedia Commons
Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (link below)

Lenin’s tomb: Staron via Wikimedia Commons
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Boris Yeltsin: Kremlin.ru via Wikimedia Commons
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Степан Вербещук, роспись на стенах в интерьере

Всё, что здесь показано на видео, нарисовано художником на белой стене: и полочки, и кухонная утварь, и кирпичные стены, и ниши со свечами и ключами... Шкаф 18 века отреставрирован и расписан.
Информация о художнике:
Stepan Verbeshchuk was born in the picturesque town of Yasinya in Transcarpathia, in April 1959. He began to paint at the age of 4. At school he often drew friendly caricatures on classmates and teachers.
In 1976 he was graduated from high school. Then, he served in the Northern Fleet in the city of Murmansk from 1977 to 1979. From 1979 to 1985 Stepan was a student at Kiev Architecture and Construction Institute, specializing in architecture. He took courses of pattern and design from the known Ukrainian artists A. Gorbenko and Y. Himich there.
After graduation Stepan worked briefly as chief architect in the town of Nosovka, Chernigov region. From 1987 to 1989 he worked as a senior painter in the arts workshops of Chernigov artistic design company.
During three years he was engaged in wood carving and painting icons in the Our Saviour Transfiguration Cathedral and St Nicholas Church, now the belfry, in the town of Priluki. He began to pay more attention to the oil painting itself in 1987. He’s also very good in pen-and-ink drawings and graphics. The majority of his works radiate warm feelings, kindness, optimism and positive attitude to life.
Stepan Verbeshchuk collaborates with the galleries such as “Boyko-art”, “PR-group Mamma-Art” (Kiev), “Art Gallery of the Ukrainian Artists” (Ternopil). He is a member of the Union of Kiev Artists. He took part in joint exhibitions of Kiev artists in the Ukrainian House, the House of the Architects and Museum of Books in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra.
Two solo exhibitions of his oil paintings took place in Priluki in 2009 and 2014, and pen-and-ink drawings and graphics were exhibited at the solo exhibition in November 2014. He was awarded with diplomas of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine, signed by Anatoliy Kinakh and Boris Oliynyk.
He is listed in the reference book “United Artists Rating” published in Saint Petersburg in 2002. His works belong to the private collections in Austria, England, Italy, France, Russia, USA, Canada, Poland, Germany, Israel, China, Slovenia, the Philippines and other countries of the world. 6 of his paintings are exhibited in the Donetsk Art Museum.
Since 2013, Stepan Verbeshchuk is cooperating with the publishing house “Master Class”, specializing in the children books, and participating in the project “Children's art gallery”. Two books with illustrations by the artist have been published since – “Brownie Meletiy’s Sunny Days”, in which fairy tales were written specifically after the paintings, and the second one with illustrations to the stories by Valentina Kostio, “The Feeling of Happiness”. The third book with illustrations by Stepan Verbeshchuk – “Janitors’ House” – is set to be published in 2015.
It is possible to look at works of the artist on Facebook on the Мир сказок и реальностей Степана Вербещука page. It is possible to call the artist +38 066 291 78 70

Northern lights over the island Kotlin (Kronstadt, St PETERSBURG) 4K

Северное Сияние над островом Котлин (Кронштадт, Санкт-Петербург) 4K 03.11.2015

Nicholas II of Russia | Wikipedia audio article

This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nicholas II of Russia


00:03:16 1 Family background
00:06:34 2 Tsarevich
00:09:51 3 Engagement, accession and marriage
00:13:43 4 Reign
00:13:52 4.1 Coronation
00:17:55 4.2 Initiatives in foreign affairs
00:18:52 4.3 Ecclesiastical affairs
00:19:40 4.4 Russo-Japanese War
00:22:47 4.5 Anti-Jewish pogroms of 1903–1906
00:23:48 4.6 Bloody Sunday (1905)
00:28:08 4.7 1905 Revolution
00:31:49 4.8 Relationship with the Duma
00:41:58 4.9 Tsarevich Alexei's illness and Rasputin
00:44:33 4.10 European affairs
00:46:48 4.11 Tercentenary
00:47:26 4.12 First World War
00:56:40 4.13 Collapse
01:01:25 4.13.1 Abdication (1917)
01:04:41 4.14 Imprisonment
01:08:10 4.15 Execution
01:11:32 5 Identification
01:13:22 6 Funeral
01:14:12 7 Sainthood
01:16:19 8 Assessment
01:19:54 9 Ancestry
01:20:03 10 Titles, styles, honours and arms
01:20:14 10.1 Titles and styles
01:21:29 10.2 Honours
01:22:12 10.2.1 National
01:22:39 10.2.2 Foreign
01:23:30 10.3 Arms
01:23:38 11 Children
01:23:47 12 Wealth
01:25:01 13 Documentaries and films
01:25:37 14 See also
01:25:53 15 Note



Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.

Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain

Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.

You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:


You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:




The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates



SUMMARY
=======
Nicholas II or Nikolai II (Russian: Николай II Алекса́ндрович, tr. Nikolai II Aleksandrovich; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918), known as Saint Nicholas the Passion-Bearer in the Russian Orthodox Church, was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his forced abdication on 2 March 1917. His reign saw the fall of the Russian Empire from one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. He was given the nickname Nicholas the Bloody or Vile Nicholas by his political adversaries due to the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Semitic pogroms, Bloody Sunday, the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution, the execution of political opponents, and his perceived responsibility for the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Soviet historians portrayed Nicholas as a weak and incompetent leader whose decisions led to military defeats and the deaths of millions of his subjects.Russia was defeated in the 1904–1905 Russo-Japanese War which saw the annihilation of the reinforcing Russian Baltic Fleet after being sent on its round-the-world cruise at the naval Battle of Tsushima, off the coasts of Korea and Japan, the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea, and the Japanese annexation to the north of South Sakhalin Island. The Anglo-Russian Entente was designed to counter the German Empire's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East, but it also ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the United Kingdom. When all Russian diplomatic efforts to prevent the First World War (1914–1918) failed, Nicholas approved the Imperial Russian Army mobilization on 30 July 1914 which gave Imperial Germany formal grounds to declare war on Russia on 1 August 1914. An estimated 3.3 million Russians were killed in the First World War. The Imperial Russian Army's severe losses, the High Command's incompetent management of the war efforts, and lack of food and supplies on the home front were all leading causes of the fall of the House of Romanov.
Following the February Revolution of 1917, Nicholas abdicated on behalf of himself and his son and heir, the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. He and his family were imprisoned and transferred to Tobolsk in late summer 1917. On 30 April 1918, Nicholas, Alexandra, and their daughter Maria were handed over to the local Ural Soviet council in Ekaterinburg (renamed Sverdlovsk during the Soviet era); the rest of the captives followed on 23 May. Nicholas and his family were executed by their Bolshevik guards on the night of 16/17 July 1918. The remains of the imperial family were later found, exhumed, identified and re-interred with elaborate State and Church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998 – 80 years later.
In 1981, Nicholas, his wife, and their children were recognized as martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outsid ...

St Petersburg Short: Driving in Russia...who needs rules...

A short clip that sums up driving in Russia. This clip was recorded in St Petersburg. Road markings? What road markings?

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