Ancient church tells story of early days of Christianity
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As Pope Francis I arrives in Turkey, Catholic priests in the country are calling for an ancient church that has been turned into a museum to be reopened for Christian worship.
St Peter's Cave Church, in South East Turkey's Antakya city, is according to oral tradition, the place where St Peter first preached when Christianity was founded.
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Carved into the ancient rock of Mount Starius, St Peter's Cave Church is thought to be one of Christianity's oldest churches.
According to historians St. Peter arrived in Antioch together with St Paul and Barnabas in 42-43 A.D and began disseminating Christianity from the city.
And although there is no archaeological evidence that the Apostle prayed specifically in this cave, historians believe that caves in Mount Starius where the first places where Christians secretly united for prayer.
In the time it was not a church, it was just a grotto. And we think it was a place of worship for the pagans. And after the Christians, they changed into a place of worship for the Christians. And for this reason, the Grotto of St Peter is important because (it) remembers the beginning of our Church in Antioch (antakya), says Father Domenico Bertogli, the Italian Catholic Priest of Antioch (Christian name for Antakya) of the order of Capuchins.
It was in Antioch that we were called Christians for the first time. It was in Antioch where the Gospel was opened to the pagans, because (until then) it was a question of Jews, into the Judaism. It was in Antioch where the Mission expedition began he adds.
In 1987 the church was turned into a museum by the local authorities. In 2012 it was closed for renovation due to a risk of stones falling from the mountain.
According to the Archaeological Museum of Antakya, in 2012 the church received 16,000 foreign visitors and 93,000 local ones. The church interior is still closed to visitors until the renovations are complete.
Antakya is nowadays the capital city of Hatay province, bordering the volatile conflict in Syria.
According to historians, St Peter most likely lived in the Jewish neighbourhood in downtown Antakya, where Christians also conducted meetings in private houses.
There are mosaics from the 5th Century A.D. There are remains of plasters on the wall - even though they are have almost disappeared. That proves that in the early 5th Century this place was used as a church, says Professor Hatice Pamir, from the Archaeological Department at University Mustafa Kemal in Antakya.
But evidence points towards Christian worship in the caves much earlier.
There are archaeological records that the Apostles and the first Christians used the caves along the valley of the Parmenius Gorge (that descends towards the Orontes river in Hatay), she says.
Renovation works on the church are almost finished, although there is not a fixed date for its reopening to visitors.
Father Bertogli says he hopes that the church will reopen as a serving place of worship, rather than a museum.
We don't accept for the church to become a museum. It is a church and we want it to become a church. Just for all the Christians, when they come to Antioch, to visit, to pray, to stay sometime there.
Antakya city, with a population of 250,000, has nowadays one thousand Christians, one hundred of them belonging to the Catholic church, according to figures by Christian authorities in town.
The city is a mix of ethnicities and religions.
More than half of the population of Antakya are Sunni Muslim, followed by Alawis and Christian Arabs.
In the old town, a Catholic church, a mosque and a synagogue gather in a few hundred square metres.
In one of the Catholic buildings, members of the Peace House Chorus sing praise.
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