Hilton Garden Inn Winchester, Winchester (Virginia), USA HD review
Hilton Garden Inn Winchester - Book it now! Save up to 20% -
The Old Court House Civil War Museum and George Washington’s Headquarters are minutes from this Winchester, Virginia hotel. The hotel offers free high-speed internet access and on-site dining.
At the Hilton Garden Inn Winchester, every room includes free Wi-Fi and a flat-screen TV. The rooms also offer a microwave and a mini-refrigerator. An iPod docking station and an in-room safe are also provided. Select rooms feature a separate living area and a sofa bed.
An indoor pool and a fitness room are on-site at the Winchester Hilton Garden Inn. A 24-hour convenience store is available at the hotel as well as laundry facilities.
The Museum of the Shenandoah Valley and Stonewall Jackson’s Headquarters are a short drive from the Garden Inn Hilton Winchester. Historic downtown Winchester is a short walk from the hotel.
Living in Virginia: Winchester - Pen In Hand
Here's a heartfelt look at Winchester, Virginia's residents during the Civil War from the perspective of their letters, diaries and journals.It explores the reality of war as the community changed hands between the North and South more than 70 times. This special travels back in time to record the perseverance, the passion, and the pain of those who watched and lived during this turbulent time period.
Jackson's Valley Campaign | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jackson's Valley Campaign
00:02:35 1 Background
00:06:02 2 Opposing forces
00:06:11 2.1 Confederate
00:08:29 2.2 Union
00:10:46 3 Initial movements
00:13:23 4 Valley Campaign
00:13:32 4.1 Kernstown (March 23, 1862)
00:17:52 4.2 Retreating from the Valley (March 24 – May 7)
00:22:41 4.3 McDowell (May 8)
00:25:35 4.4 Conflicting orders (May 10–22)
00:27:45 4.5 Front Royal (May 23)
00:31:28 4.6 Winchester (May 25)
00:35:44 4.7 Union armies pursue Jackson
00:41:43 4.8 Cross Keys (June 8)
00:44:42 4.9 Port Republic (June 9)
00:48:11 5 Aftermath
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jackson's Valley Campaign, also known as the Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862, was Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson's spring 1862 campaign through the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia during the American Civil War. Employing audacity and rapid, unpredictable movements on interior lines, Jackson's 17,000 men marched 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days and won several minor battles as they successfully engaged three Union armies (52,000 men), preventing them from reinforcing the Union offensive against Richmond.Jackson suffered a tactical defeat (his sole defeat of the war) at the First Battle of Kernstown (March 23, 1862) against Col. Nathan Kimball (part of Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks's army), but it proved to be a strategic Confederate victory because President Abraham Lincoln reinforced the Union's Valley forces with troops that had originally been designated for the Peninsula Campaign against Richmond. On May 8, after more than a month of skirmishing with Banks, Jackson moved deceptively to the west of the Valley and drove back elements of Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont's army in the Battle of McDowell, preventing a potential combination of the two Union armies against him. Jackson then headed down the Valley once again to confront Banks. Concealing his movement in the Luray Valley, Jackson joined forces with Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell and captured the Federal garrison at Front Royal on May 23, causing Banks to retreat to the north. On May 25, in the First Battle of Winchester, Jackson defeated Banks and pursued him until the Union Army crossed the Potomac River into Maryland.
Bringing in Union reinforcements from eastern Virginia, Brig. Gen. James Shields recaptured Front Royal and planned to link up with Frémont in Strasburg. Jackson was now threatened by three small Union armies. Withdrawing up the Valley from Winchester, Jackson was pursued by Frémont and Shields. On June 8, Ewell defeated Frémont in the Battle of Cross Keys and on the following day, crossed the North River to join forces with Jackson to defeat Shields in the Battle of Port Republic, bringing the campaign to a close.
Jackson followed up his successful campaign by forced marches to join Gen. Robert E. Lee for the Seven Days Battles outside Richmond. His audacious campaign elevated him to the position of the most famous general in the Confederacy (until this reputation was later supplanted by Lee) and has been studied ever since by military organizations around the world.
Update:DesJarlais Re-elected Despite Abortion Revelations
A Tennessee Republican congressman has won re-election, overcoming revelations that he had an affair with a patient and urged her to get an abortion. Rep. Scott DesJarlais, a Jasper physician before going to Congress, beat Democratic challenger Eric Stewart on Tuesday. With 76 percent of precincts reporting, DesJarlais had 111,988 votes, or 57 percent, compared with Stewart's 83,835 votes, or 43 percent. DesJarlais, who opposes abortion rights, largely withdrew from public sight a month ago after the first news accounts based on his 2001 divorce emerged. His campaign used a heavy rotation of TV ads to link Stewart to President Barack Obama, an unpopular figure in the conservative 4th District.Rutherford County had issues in tallying its votes and DesJarlais was waiting on that process to complete before declaring victory. Late into the night he came to the Winchester headquarters and thanked his supporters, I certainly want to send out the warmest thank you to the people of the 4th District. I spent my last term in office trying to do what I promised the first time around and that was to repeal Obamacare, get control of the spending and the deficit and I look forward to continuing to do that assuming Rutherford County turns out the way we want it to.As the night moved into morning, the Rutherford County numbers moved decidedly in the incumbent's favor. DesJarlais' win means that all nine members of the Tennessee congressional delegation were re-elected, as was Republican U.S. Sen. Bob Corker.Eric Stewart, DesJarlais's opponent issued this statement:The voters have spoken. I'm proud of the campaign we ran. We talked about fighting for working families, keeping promises we made to our seniors about Medicare and Social Security, and giving our men and women in uniform the support they need and deserve. The fight for those things hasn't ended, even though my campaign for Congress has. Congress needs to stop fighting and start fixing. Working families depend on it.(Copyright 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
The Civil War and the Oakland Cemetery - Atlanta, Georgia
Learn more about the American Civil War at
Oakland cemetery exemplifies the 19th century rural garden movement that was a backlash against the busy, overcrowded city cemeteries. Characteristic of these garden cemeteries are shady trees, flowers and pathways that were meant to be enjoyed by the living as well as provide a beautiful, final resting place for loved ones. Oakland cemetery started in the 1850's with an original 6 acres of land
purchased by the City fathers. Oakland was renamed in 1872 due to the large number of oak and magnolia trees growing on its grounds. The cemetery is best known for being the final resting place for over 3,000 Confederate soldiers who were disinterred from nearby battlefields.
By the early 1870's, the cemetery had expanded to 48 acres due to the pressures of the Civil War. With the onset of the Civil War, the City added land to bury soldiers who died in local hospitals. Atlanta hospitals overflowed with men wounded in battles and the largest number of wartime hospitals were within half a mile of the cemetery.
As deaths mounted, the land around the cemetery was secured as a Confederate burial ground. After the war, several thousand soldiers who had fallen in the Atlanta campaign were moved from battlefield graves to Oakland. The cemetery reached its present size by 1867.
Confederate Memorial Grounds
This section is the final resting place for approximately 6,900 Confederate soldiers including 3,000 unknowns. When you enter from the main gate, the massive spire of the Confederate Obelisk provides an orienting landmark. The 65-foot monument was made of Stone Mountain granite and dedicated on April 26, 1874 by the Atlanta Ladies Memorial Association. For many years it was the tallest structure in the city. Also included are the headstones of 16 Union soldiers who died in local hospitals. Another area of marked Confederate graves lies along Oakland's southern wall.
Lion of the Confederacy
To the Northeast of the Obelisk, lies the most famous marker being the massive Lion of Atlanta guarding approximately 3,000 graves of unknown Confederate soldiers disinterred from the battlefield. The Confederate section of Oakland is home to an estimated 6,900 burials, of which about 3,000 are unknown. The Lion was modelled after the Swiss Lion of Lucerneand was carved by T. M. Brady in 1894 from the largest block of marble quarried from Tate, Georgia. The dying lion rests on the Confederate flag they followed and guards their dust, in the words of a commemorative poem.
To the Northwest, very close to the obelisk itself, are buried four Confederate generals, John B. Gordon, Lucius J. Gartrell, Clement A. Evans, and William Wright. Two historical markers in the cemetery explain its connection with important events during the Civil War.
The Great Locomotive Chase
The first is the site where seven spies of the Great Locomotive Chase were hanged near the south-east corner of the cemetery. On April 12, 1862, Union soldiers known as Andrews Raiders, led by civilian scout James J. Andrews, commandeered a train at present-day Kennesaw, GA and raced north to Ringgold, GA to cut telegraph lines doing as much damage as possible while pursued by other locomotives. They were captured and condemned as spies. Seven were hanged and temporarily interred in Oakland cemetery before being moved to the National Cemetery at Chattanooga. Andrews was tried in Chattanooga and found guilty. He was executed by hanging on June 7 in Atlanta. Andrews was hanged in downtown Atlanta and there is a plaque marking this historic event at the corner of 3rd Street and Juniper Street. On June 18, the seven others who had been convicted as spies were returned to Atlanta also hanged.
Confederate Headquarters
The second historical marker is north of the Bell Tower where a two-story farmhouse stood in the summer of 1864. It was a headquarters for Confederate commander John B. Hood during the Battle of Atlanta, which was fought to the east of the cemetery on July 22. In 1976, Oakland was placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Oakland cemetery provides a look at the rich and vibrant Civil War past of the city of Atlanta and provides guided walking tours, twilight tours, and even boats a visitors centre and museum shop. It is an important part of Altanta's history and a must-see stop for any serious Civil War aficionado.
John C. Breckinridge | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John C. Breckinridge
00:03:50 1 Early life
00:06:39 2 Early legal career
00:09:04 3 Mexican–American War
00:11:47 4 Political career
00:11:56 4.1 Early political career
00:13:19 4.2 Kentucky House of Representatives
00:17:00 4.3 U.S. Representative
00:17:05 4.3.1 First term (1851–1853)
00:21:03 4.3.2 Second term (1853–1855)
00:24:34 4.3.3 Retirement from the House
00:26:24 4.4 Vice Presidency
00:32:55 4.5 Presidential campaign of 1860
00:39:24 4.6 U.S. Senator
00:44:15 5 Civil War
00:44:24 5.1 Service in the Western Theater
00:52:41 5.2 Service in the Eastern Theater
00:58:10 5.3 Confederate Secretary of War
01:02:31 6 Escape and exile
01:07:53 7 Return to the U.S. and death
01:12:13 8 Legacy
01:12:22 8.1 Historical reputation
01:13:18 8.2 Monuments and memorials
01:15:05 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Cabell Breckinridge (January 16, 1821 – May 17, 1875) was an American lawyer, politician, and soldier. He represented Kentucky in both houses of Congress and became the 14th and youngest-ever Vice President of the United States, serving from 1857 to 1861. He was a member of the Democratic party. He served in the U.S. Senate during the outbreak of the American Civil War, but was expelled after joining the Confederate Army. He was appointed Confederate Secretary of War in 1865.
Breckinridge was born near Lexington, Kentucky to a prominent local family. After non-combat service during the Mexican–American War, he was elected as a Democrat to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1849, where he took a states' rights position against interference with slavery. Elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1850, he allied with Stephen A. Douglas in support of the Kansas–Nebraska Act. After reapportionment in 1854 made his re-election unlikely, he declined to run for another term. He was nominated for vice-president at the 1856 Democratic National Convention to balance a ticket headed by James Buchanan. The Democrats won the election, but Breckinridge had little influence with Buchanan and, as presiding officer of the Senate, could not express his opinions in debates. In 1859, he was elected to succeed Senator John J. Crittenden at the end of Crittenden's term in 1861. As vice president, Breckinridge joined Buchanan in supporting the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution for Kansas, which led to a split in the Democratic Party.
After Southern Democrats walked out of the 1860 Democratic National Convention, the party's northern and southern factions held rival conventions in Baltimore that nominated Douglas and Breckinridge, respectively, for president. A third party, the Constitutional Union Party, nominated John Bell. These three men split the Southern vote, while more anti-slavery Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won all but three electoral votes in the North, allowing him to win the election. Breckinridge carried most of the Southern states. Taking his seat in the Senate, Breckinridge urged compromise to preserve the Union. Unionists were in control of the state legislature, and gained more support when Confederate forces moved into Kentucky.
Breckinridge fled behind Confederate lines. He was commissioned a brigadier general and then expelled from the Senate. Following the Battle of Shiloh in 1862, he was promoted to major general, and in October he was assigned to the Army of Mississippi under Braxton Bragg. After Bragg charged that Breckinridge's drunkenness had contributed to defeats at Stone River and Missionary Ridge, and after Breckinridge joined many other high-ranking officers in criticizing Bragg, he was transferred to the Trans-Allegheny Department, where he won his most significant victory in the 1864 Battle of New Market. After participating in Jubal Early's campaigns in the Shenandoah Valley, Breckinridge was charged with defending supplies in Tennessee and Virginia. In February 1865, Confederate President Jefferson Davis appointed him Secretary of War. Concludi ...
Jubal Early | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Jubal Early
00:01:18 1 Early and family life
00:05:26 2 Early military, legal and political careers
00:09:42 3 American Civil War
00:11:55 3.1 Serving under Stonewall Jackson
00:15:33 3.2 Gettysburg and the Overland Campaign
00:19:49 3.3 Shenandoah Valley, 1864-1865
00:28:35 4 Postbellum career
00:33:52 5 Death and legacy
00:36:57 5.1 Honors
00:37:57 5.2 Streets named after him
00:38:37 5.3 In popular culture
00:39:38 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Jubal Anderson Early (November 3, 1816 – March 2, 1894) was a Virginia lawyer and politician who became a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Trained at the United States Military Academy, Early resigned his U.S. Army commission after the Second Seminole War and his Virginia military commission after the Mexican-American War, in both cases to practice law and participate in politics. Accepting a Virginia and later Confederate military commission as the American Civil War began, Early fought in the Eastern Theater throughout the conflict. He commanded a division under Generals Stonewall Jackson and Richard Ewell, and later commanded a corps. A key Confederate defender of the Shenandoah Valley, during the Valley Campaigns of 1864, Early made daring raids to the outskirts of Washington, D.C. as well as far as York, Pennsylvania, securing money and supplies which delayed the Confederate surrender for several months. After the war, Early fled to Mexico, then Cuba and Canada, and upon returning to the United States took pride as unrepentant rebel. Particularly after the death of Gen. Robert E. Lee in 1870, Early delivered speeches establishing the Lost Cause, as well as helped found the Southern Historical Society and memorial associations.
Living in Virginia: Route 11
Arising from the dust of Indian ponies, wagon wheels, and SUVs, Route 11 is more than just a highway. Route 11 carries a story that predates the arrival of European settlers. Once called The Indian Trail and The Wagon Road, early settlers followed the Indian path as they forged their way into the valley. This presentation features interviews with tourists, entrepreneurs, and historians about life along the single-lane roadway and also visits historic sites, institutions of higher learning, and communities by the side of the historic road.
Maryland in the American Civil War
During the American Civil War, Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Because of its strategic location, bordering the capital city of Washington D.C., and the strong desire of the opposing factions within the state to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland would play an important role in the American Civil War. Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in Maryland, and dismissal of the Supreme Court Chief Justice's ruling that such suspension was unconstitutional, would leave lasting scars.
The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Riot of April 1861, and the single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred near Sharpsburg, Maryland, at the Battle of Antietam, on 17 September 1862. Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give President Abraham Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared slaves in the Confederacy to be free.
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Maryland in the American Civil War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Maryland in the American Civil War
00:04:19 1 The approach of War
00:04:29 1.1 Maryland's sympathies
00:07:01 1.2 Baltimore Riot of 1861
00:10:30 1.3 To secede or not to secede
00:12:07 1.4 Imposition of martial law
00:17:59 1.5 Flight to Virginia
00:20:09 1.6 A state divided
00:21:07 2 Civil War
00:21:16 2.1 Battle of Front Royal
00:23:02 2.2 Bloody Antietam
00:25:55 2.3 March to Gettysburg
00:26:56 2.4 Battle of Monocacy
00:27:49 3 Prisoners of war
00:29:09 4 Slavery and emancipation
00:30:19 4.1 Constitution of 1864, and the abolition of slavery
00:33:21 5 Assassination of President Lincoln
00:35:12 6 Legacy
00:37:06 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
During the American Civil War (1861-1865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. Because of its strategic location, bordering the national capital city of Washington D.C. with its District of Columbia since 1790, and the strong desire of the opposing factions within the state to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the American Civil War (1861-1865). Newly elected 16th President Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865, served 1861-1865), suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus in Maryland; and he dismissed the U.S. Supreme Court's Ex parte Merryman decision concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer from Baltimore County arrested by the military and held in Fort McHenry (then nicknamed Baltimore Bastille). The Chief Justice, but not in a decision with the other justices, had held that the suspension was unconstitutional and would leave lasting civil and legal scars. The decision was filed in the U.S. Circuit Court for Maryland by Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney, a Marylander from Frederick and sometimes in Baltimore and former protege of seventh President Andrew Jackson who had appointed him two decades earlier.
The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 18 - 19th, 1861, and a year and a half later with the single bloodiest day of combat in American military history occurred during the first major Confederate invasion of the North in the Maryland Campaign, just north above the Potomac River, near Sharpsburg, Maryland, (Washington County) at the Battle of Antietam, on 17 September 1862. Preceded by the pivotal skirmishes at three mountain passes of Crampton, Fox and Turner's Gaps to the east in the Battle of South Mountain, Antietam (also known in the South as the Battle of Sharpsburg), though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory in the second year of the war to give 16th President Abraham Lincoln the opportunity to issue in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation, taking effect January 1st, 1863, which declared slaves in the rebelling states of the Confederacy (but not those in the areas already occupied by the Union Army or in semi-loyal border slave states like Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri) to be henceforth and forever free.
Later, in July 1864, the Battle of Monocacy near Frederick, Maryland in the third and last major Southern invasion, was also fought on Maryland soil. Monocacy was a tactical victory for the Confederate States Army but a strategic defeat, as the one-day delay inflicted on the attacking Confederates under Gen. Jubal Early by Federal General Lew Wallace's units hastily sent west on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad with reinforcements from Baltimore with their stout resistance cost rebel General Early his chance to capture the Union capital of Washington, D.C. during the subsequent attack on the outlying northwestern fortifications near Fort Stevens, witnessed by President Lincoln himself in the only time that a Chief Executive came under hostile fire.
Across the state, nearly 85,000 citizens signed up for the military, with most joining the Union Army. Approximately one third as many enli ...
John Brown (abolitionist) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
John Brown (abolitionist)
00:02:24 1 Early life
00:07:20 2 Transformative years in Springfield, Massachusetts
00:13:07 3 Homestead in New York
00:13:47 4 Actions in Kansas
00:14:48 4.1 Pottawatomie
00:17:23 4.2 Palmyra and Osawatomie
00:19:53 5 Later years
00:20:02 5.1 Gathering forces
00:27:37 5.2 Raid
00:33:37 5.3 Imprisonment, trial, and six weeks in jail
00:37:29 5.4 Victor Hugo's reaction
00:39:17 6 Death and aftermath
00:40:40 6.1 Transportation of his body
00:41:56 6.2 Senate investigation
00:43:54 6.3 Aftermath of the raid
00:46:04 7 Legacy
00:46:13 7.1 Monuments
00:48:30 7.1.1 Historical markers
00:54:36 7.2 Views of contemporaries
00:55:26 7.3 Views of historians and other writers
00:57:52 7.4 Historiography
01:02:37 7.5 In the arts
01:05:50 8 Influences
01:11:09 9 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist who believed in and advocated armed insurrection as the only way to overthrow the institution of slavery in the United States. He first gained attention when he led small groups of volunteers during the Bleeding Kansas crisis of 1856. He was dissatisfied with the pacifism of the organized abolitionist movement: These men are all talk. What we need is action—action! In May 1856, Brown and his supporters killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre, which responded to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces. Brown then commanded anti-slavery forces at the Battle of Black Jack (June 2) and the Battle of Osawatomie (August 30, 1856).
In October 1859, Brown led a raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, Virginia (today West Virginia) to start a liberation movement among the slaves there. He seized the armory, but seven people were killed, and ten or more were injured. He intended to arm slaves with weapons from the arsenal, but the attack failed. Within 36 hours, Brown's men had fled or been killed or captured by local farmers, militiamen, and US Marines led by Robert E. Lee. He was tried for treason against the Commonwealth of Virginia, the murder of five men (including 3 blacks), and inciting a slave insurrection, was found guilty on all counts, and was hanged.
Historians agree that the Harpers Ferry raid escalated tensions that led to the South's secession a year later and the American Civil War. Brown's raid captured the nation's attention; Southerners feared that it was just the first of many Northern plots to cause a slave rebellion that might endanger their lives, while Republicans dismissed the notion and claimed that they would not interfere with slavery in the South. John Brown's Body was a popular Union marching song that portrayed him as a martyr.
Brown's actions as an abolitionist and the tactics he used still make him a controversial figure today. He is both memorialized as a heroic martyr and visionary, and vilified as a madman and a terrorist. Historian James Loewen surveyed American history textbooks and noted that historians considered Brown perfectly sane until about 1890, but generally portrayed him as insane from about 1890 until 1970 when new interpretations began to gain ground.
Comfort Inn Stephens City, VA Hotel Coupon & Discount
Comfort Inn, a Stephens City hotel near Shenandoah University
The Comfort Inn® hotel in Stephens City is conveniently located in the heart of the Shenandoah Valley, minutes from:
•Shenandoah University
•Belle Grove Plantation historic grain and livestock farm
•Skyline Caverns cave tour
•Skyline Drive
•Cedar Creek
This Stephens City, Virginia hotel is also near:
•George Washington's Office Museum
•Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum
•Shenandoah Valley Discovery Museum
•Historic city of Winchester
•Belle Grove National Historical Park
Many outdoor activity options, restaurants, lounges and shops are located in the area around the Comfort Inn hotel.
Enjoy our many amenities:
•Free coffee and local calls
•Free weekday newspaper
•Free high-speed Internet access
•Seasonal outdoor pool
•Fitness center
Your Morning Breakfast is full of hot and delicious options, making breakfast at the Comfort Inn the perfect way to start your day. Enjoy our free hot breakfast featuring eggs, meat, yogurt, fresh fruit, cereal and more, including your choice of hot waffle flavors!
Travelers can use the on-site business center, copy and fax services, valet cleaning services, newsstand and a laundry facility.
All rooms feature coffee makers, hair dryers and cable television. Some rooms include microwaves, refrigerators and whirlpool bathtubs. Non-smoking rooms are available.
Pets are welcome with a nightly fee.
The Comfort Inn hotel provides friendly service, relaxing accommodations and affordable rates to all guests in the Stephens City, Virginia area.
Battle of Fredericksburg | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Battle of Fredericksburg
00:01:52 1 Background
00:02:01 1.1 Military situation
00:03:48 1.2 Burnside's plan
00:05:34 1.3 Movement to battle
00:09:52 2 Opposing forces
00:10:01 2.1 Union
00:12:17 2.2 Confederate
00:13:30 3 Battle
00:13:38 3.1 Crossing the Rappahannock, December 11–12
00:18:25 3.2 South of the city, December 13
00:29:08 3.3 Marye's Heights, December 13
00:38:42 3.4 Lull and withdrawal, December 14–15
00:41:14 4 Aftermath
00:41:22 4.1 Casualties
00:42:34 4.2 Confederate reaction to the news of the victory
00:43:15 4.3 Effect on the Union
00:44:33 5 Battlefield preservation
00:47:41 6 In popular media
00:48:54 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Battle of Fredericksburg was fought December 11–15, 1862, in and around Fredericksburg, Virginia in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. The combat, between the Union Army of the Potomac commanded by Major General Ambrose Burnside and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under General Robert E. Lee, was part of the Union Army's futile frontal attacks on December 13 against entrenched Confederate defenders on the heights behind the city. It is remembered as one of the most one-sided battles of the war, with Union casualties more than three times as heavy as those suffered by the Confederates. A visitor to the battlefield described the battle to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln as a butchery.Burnside's plan was to cross the Rappahannock River at Fredericksburg in mid-November and race to the Confederate capital of Richmond before Lee's army could stop him. Bureaucratic delays prevented Burnside from receiving the necessary pontoon bridges in time and Lee moved his army to block the crossings. When the Union army was finally able to build its bridges and cross under fire, direct combat within the city resulted on December 11–12. Union troops prepared to assault Confederate defensive positions south of the city and on a strongly fortified ridge just west of the city known as Marye's Heights.
On December 13, the grand division of Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin was able to pierce the first defensive line of Confederate Lieutenant General Stonewall Jackson to the south, but was finally repulsed. Burnside ordered the grand divisions of Maj. Gens. Edwin V. Sumner and Joseph Hooker to make multiple frontal assaults against Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's position on Marye's Heights, all of which were repulsed with heavy losses. On December 15, Burnside withdrew his army, ending another failed Union campaign in the Eastern Theater.
Eastern Theater of the American Civil War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
00:02:43 1 Theater of operations
00:04:56 2 Principal commanders of the Eastern Theater
00:05:07 3 Early operations (1861)
00:07:39 3.1 First Bull Run (First Manassas)
00:10:23 4 North Carolina coast (1861–65)
00:11:56 5 The Valley (1862)
00:19:22 6 Peninsula Campaign (1862)
00:22:19 6.1 Up the Peninsula
00:26:13 6.2 Seven Days
00:30:14 7 Northern Virginia and Maryland (1862)
00:30:41 7.1 Army of Virginia
00:34:43 7.2 Second Bull Run
00:36:27 7.3 Invasion of Maryland
00:39:38 7.4 Antietam
00:41:29 8 Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville (1862–63)
00:45:55 9 Gettysburg and fall maneuvering (1863)
00:50:39 10 Grant versus Lee (1864–65)
00:52:29 10.1 Overland Campaign
00:55:29 10.2 Petersburg
00:57:05 11 Shenandoah Valley (1864–65)
01:01:03 12 Appomattox (1865)
01:04:18 13 Major land battles
01:04:35 14 See also
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Eastern Theater of the American Civil War consists of the major military and naval operations in the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, and the coastal fortifications and seaports of North Carolina. (Operations in the interior of the Carolinas in 1865 are considered part of the Western Theater, while the other coastal areas along the Atlantic Ocean are included in the Lower Seaboard Theater.)
The Eastern Theater was the venue for several major campaigns launched by the Union Army of the Potomac to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia; many of these were frustrated by the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Robert E. Lee. President Abraham Lincoln sought a general to match Lee's boldness, appointing in turn Maj. Gens. Irvin McDowell, George B. McClellan, John Pope, Ambrose Burnside, Joseph Hooker, and George G. Meade to command his principal Eastern armies. While Meade gained a decisive victory over Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, it was not until newly appointed general-in-chief Ulysses S. Grant arrived from the Western Theater in 1864 to take personal control of operations in Virginia that Union forces were able to capture Richmond, but only after several bloody battles of the Overland Campaign and a nine-month siege near the cities of Petersburg and Richmond. The surrender of Lee's army at Appomattox Court House in April 1865 brought major operations in the area to a close.
While many of the campaigns and battles were fought in the region of Virginia between Washington, D.C., and Richmond, there were other major campaigns fought nearby. The Western Virginia Campaign of 1861 secured Union control over the western counties of Virginia, which would be formed into the new state of West Virginia. Confederate coastal areas and ports were seized in southeastern Virginia and North Carolina. The Shenandoah Valley was marked by frequent clashes in 1862, 1863, and 1864. Lee launched two unsuccessful invasions of Union territory in hopes of influencing Northern opinion to end the war. In the fall of 1862, Lee followed his successful Northern Virginia Campaign with his first invasion, the Maryland Campaign, which culminated in his strategic defeat in the Battle of Antietam. In the summer of 1863, Lee's second invasion, the Gettysburg Campaign, reached into Pennsylvania, farther north than any other major Confederate army. Following a Confederate attack on Washington, D.C., itself in 1864, Union forces commanded by Philip H. Sheridan launched a campaign in the Shenandoah Valley, which cost the Confederacy control over a major food supply for Lee's army.
Thy Will Be Done Chapter 13a - A Great Civil War Story by Jim Surkamp
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William Rosecrans | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
William Rosecrans
00:02:03 1 Early life and education
00:04:25 2 Career
00:07:14 2.1 American Civil War
00:10:01 2.1.1 Western Theater
00:10:49 2.1.2 Iuka
00:14:54 2.1.3 Corinth
00:20:26 2.1.4 Army of the Cumberland
00:21:59 2.1.5 Stones River
00:24:57 2.1.6 Tullahoma
00:30:04 2.1.7 Chickamauga
00:35:38 2.1.8 Missouri and resignation
00:37:29 3 Later life
00:41:58 4 Death
00:42:46 5 Legacy
00:44:15 6 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
William Starke Rosecrans (September 6, 1819 – March 11, 1898) was an American inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U.S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War. He was the victor at prominent Western Theater battles, but his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863.
Rosecrans graduated in 1842 from the West Point Military Academy where he served in engineering assignments as well as a professor before leaving the Army to pursue a career in civil engineering. At the start of the Civil War, leading troops from Ohio, he achieved early combat success in western Virginia. In 1862 in the Western Theater, he won the battles of Iuka and Corinth while under the command of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. His brusque, outspoken manner and willingness to quarrel openly with superiors caused a professional rivalry with Grant (as well as with Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton) that would adversely affect Rosecrans' career.
Given command of the Army of the Cumberland, he fought against Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg at Stones River, and later outmaneuvered him in the brilliant Tullahoma Campaign, driving the Confederates from Middle Tennessee. His strategic movements then caused Bragg to abandon the critical city of Chattanooga, but Rosecrans' pursuit of Bragg ended during the bloody Battle of Chickamauga, where his unfortunately worded order mistakenly opened a gap in the Union line and Rosecrans and a third of his army were swept from the field. Besieged in Chattanooga, Rosecrans was relieved of command by Grant.
Following his humiliating defeat, Rosecrans was reassigned to command the Department of Missouri, where he opposed Price's Raid. He was briefly considered as a vice presidential running mate for Abraham Lincoln in 1864. After the war, he served in diplomatic and appointed political positions and in 1880 was elected to Congress, representing California.