ПРАВОСЛАВНЫЕ ХРАМЫ, ПОСТРОЕННЫЕ ПРИ CОВЕТСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ
ПРАВОСЛАВНЫЕ ХРАМЫ, ПОСТРОЕННЫЕ ПРИ CОВЕТСКОЙ ВЛАСТИ,
1921 г. Старообрядческая церковь Николая Чудотворца у Тверской заставы, Москва, 1925 г. Церковь Флора и Лавра, Хредино, Струго-Красненский район, Псковская область, 1926 г. Церковь Параскевы Пятницы, Великодворье, Гусь-Хрустальный район, Владимирская область, 1926 г. Церковь Успения Пресвятой Богородицы, Войново, Меленковский район, Владимирская область, 1926 г. Церковь Успения Пресвятой Богородицы, Щелково, Кимрский район, Тверская область, 1936 г. Церковь Казанской иконы Божией Матери, Тосно, Тосненский район, Ленинградская область, 1946 г. Храм Михаила Архангела, Магнитогорск, 1946 г. Храм Святителя Николая Чудотворца - Магнитогорск, 1946 г. Церковь Симеона Верхотурского, Саракташ, Оренбургская область, 1947 г. Собор Воскресения Христова, Бишкек, Киргизия, 1952 г., Церковь Михаила Архангела - Караганда, 1956 г. Церковь Спаса Преображения, Айкино, Усть-Вымский район, Республика Коми, 1957 г. Церковь Николая Чудотворца в Бирюлеве, Бирюлево Западное, Москва, 1975 г., Церковь Архангела Михаила, Новокузнецк, 1976 г., Церковь Вознесения , Белово Кемеровской области, 1982 г., Покровская церковь , Прокопьевск, Церковь Введения во храм Пресвятой Богородицы, Рыжево, Егорьевский район, Московская область
Orthodox church, built with Sovetskaya VLASTI
1921 Old Believer Church of St. Nicholas in Tverskaya Zastava, Moscow, 1925 Church of Flora and Lavra, Hredino, strugo-krasnensky district, Pskov region, 1926 Church of St. Paraskeva, Velikodvore, Gus Crystal district, Vladimir region, 1926 . Church of the Assumption of Our Lady, Wojnowo, Melenkovsky district, Vladimir region, 1926 Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, Shchelkovo Kimrsky district, Tver region, 1936 Church of the Kazan icon of the Mother of God, Tosno, Tosno district, Leningrad, 1946 Church of the Archangel Michael, Magnitogorsk, 1946 Church of St. Nicholas - Magnitogorsk, 1946 Church of St. Simeon Verkhoturye, Saraktash, Orenburg region, 1947 Cathedral of the Resurrection, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, 1952, Church of St. Michael the Archangel - Karaganda, 1956 The church of the Transfiguration, Aikino, the Republic of Komi Ust-Vymsky district, 1957 Church of St. Nicholas in Biryulyovo, Biryulyovo West, Moscow, 1975, the Church of Archangel Michael, Novokuznetsk, 1976 Church of the Ascension, Belovo Kemerovo region 1982, Church of the Intercession, Prokopyevsk, Church of Presentation of Mary, Ryzhevo Egoryevsky district, Moscow region
Joseph Stalin | Wikipedia audio article
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Joseph Stalin
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Joseph Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician of Georgian ethnicity. He ruled the Soviet Union from the mid-1920s until his death in 1953, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952 and the nation's Premier from 1941 to 1953. Initially presiding over an oligarchic one-party system that governed by plurality, he became the de facto dictator of the Soviet Union by the 1930s. Ideologically committed to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, Stalin helped to formalise these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies became known as Stalinism.
Born to a poor family in Gori, Russian Empire (now Georgia), Stalin began his revolutionary career by joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party as a youth. He edited the party's newspaper, Pravda, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings, and protection rackets. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles. After the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia during the 1917 October Revolution, Stalin joined the party's governing Politburo, where he was instrumental in overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922. As Lenin fell ill and then died in 1924, Stalin assumed leadership over the country. During Stalin's rule, Socialism in One Country became a central tenet of the party's dogma, and Lenin's New Economic Policy was replaced with a centralized command economy. Under the Five-Year Plan system, the country underwent collectivisation and rapid industrialization but experienced significant disruptions in food production that contributed to the famine of 1932–33. To eradicate those regarded as enemies of the working class, Stalin instituted the Great Purge, in which over a million were imprisoned and at least 700,000 executed between 1934 and 1939.
Stalin's government promoted Marxism–Leninism abroad through the Communist International and supported anti-fascist movements throughout Europe during the 1930s, particularly in the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, it signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, resulting in their joint invasion of Poland. Germany ended the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941. Despite initial setbacks, the Soviet Red Army repelled the German incursion and captured Berlin in 1945, ending World War II in Europe. The Soviets annexed the Baltic states and helped establish Soviet-aligned governments throughout Central and Eastern Europe, China and North Korea. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged from the war as the two world superpowers. Tensions arose between the Soviet-backed Eastern Bloc and U.S.-backed Western Bloc which became known as the Cold War. Stalin led his country through its post-war reconstruction, during which it developed a nuclear weapon in 1949. In these years, the country experienced another major famine and an anti-semitic campaign peaking in the Doctors' plot. Stalin died in 1953 and was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who denounced his predecessor and initiated a de-Stalinisation process throughout Soviet society.
Widely considered one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a pervasive personality cult within the international Marxist–Leninist movement, for whom Stalin was a champion of socialism and the working class. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Stalin has retained popularity in Russia and Georgia as a victorious wartime leader who established the Soviet Union as a major world power. Conversely, his totalitarian government has been widely condemned for overseeing mass repressions, ethnic cleansing, hundreds of thousands of executions, and famines which caused the deaths of millions.