The Landmark Shops of NOTL part 5
Just Christmas
Beau Chapeau Hat Shop
Kurtz Culinary Creations
Ten Thousand Villages
Niagara Musicans busted by local by-law officer
Niagara musicians are busted by local by-law officer for playing on the street for charity in support of 10,000 Villages, Fair Trade Day. Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada. A film by Roddy Heading. Featuring Penner MacKay, Steve Goldberger & Doug Miller
♥Mississauga After Amalgamation: A City Emerges♥
Click Here To Visit the Heritage Mississauga Website:
Follow this link: to watch this beautiful video by Heritage Mississauga and Sanborg Productions.
MISSISSAUGA AFTER AMALGAMATION: A CITY EMERGES
Settlers began arriving in the early 1800s, and Toronto Township, now known as Mississauga is often referred to as the city of villages. While most cities expand outward from a central settlement, Mississauga is unique in that it’s made up of crossroad hamlets and villages, each with their own distinctive history, that were joined together in amalgamation to form the city. The names of many of these villages are etched on the ceiling of Council Chamber at the Civic Centre and some are found on road signs throughout the city. Beyond these small villages, Mississauga was largely farmland, up until the advent of the automobile and paved roads, which would become the catalyst for suburban development. Many affluent Torontonians looking to escape the hustle and bustle of the city, built summer homes on lakefront properties here and along the Credit River Valley in the early 20th century.
Here are some additional links to learn about the History of Mississauga:
1957 promotional film about Mississauga’s Development
Mississauga Library – Our Saga
History of Port Credit from Heritage Mississauga
Mississauga: The First 10,000 Years
MISSISSAUGA, Ontario – facts and history
Credit River History – The Majestic Credit River
Memories of Small Arms Limited in Lakeview, Mississauga
Canada Road Trip: Everything You Need To Know About Planning
Canadian couple from YouTube talk about their upcoming great BC leg of their cross-country trip.
Let’s face it, Canada has a lot of things working in its favour: money that smells like maple syrup, a Disney Prince Prime Minister, amazing food, epic nightlife, and some of the most stunning scenery in the world.
There’s no better way to see it all than by cruising from coast to coast (to coast) with some mates. But what’s the best route to take? And what about all the practical things you need to consider?
Here’s a helpful guide/Canada road trip route planner, aka everything you need to know aboot the Canadian road trip of your dreams.
Whether you’re headed from West to East or vice versa, you’re in for a wide range of mind-blowing sights that are just as diverse as they are spectacular. This mammoth country has enough highways and roads to circle around the Earth 22 times, including the world-famous Trans-Canada Highway which stretches a whopping 7500km, making it the longest highway in the entire world. For some, traversing the entire country for weeks on this highway is the dream – a chance to connect with the diverse landscapes alternating between emerald lakes, flat wheat fields, sprawling cities and picturesque coast lines. But for those not keen to tackle it all in one go, here are some of the key routes you can explore on your Canada road trip:
Canada road trip route #1: British Columbia to Alberta
Starting on one end of the Trans-Canada Highway is Victoria, British Columbia, a slice of European flair on Canada’s West Coast. Surfers can take a few days detour to explore Tofino, Canada’s surf capital, before heading out to the mainland where the foodie metropolis of Vancouver awaits.
After sampling its world class range of international cuisine, venture onward to Whistler on the impossibly scenic Sea to Sky Highway, and then to the Okanagan where you’ll find class A wineries, Canada’s only desert and the eerie Spotted Lake, whose peculiar polka dotted pattern baffles visitors from all around the world.
Once in Alberta, you’ll come face to face with some of the most spectacular and photogenic natural wonders in the country. The Icefields Parkway is a must-do route that takes you into the heart of the Rocky Mountains, where the Instagram-famous national parks of Banff and Jasper await. Photographers be warned: you might pass out from excitement.
Canada road trip route #2: The Prairies
Widely recognized as being a flat and uneventful stretch of the Trans-Canada Highway, the Prairie provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba are great places to kick back, enjoy the quaint Canadian countryside and mingle with the friendly locals (hot contenders for the nicest people in the world title).
Don’t miss the giant sculpture of Mac the Moose. the largest moose in North America, (and probably one of the most Canadian things you’ll ever see in your life).
Canada road trip route #3: Ontario and Quebec
Onward to the East Coast is where you’ll find a balanced blend of history, culture and badass natural sights. Be sure to budget time for swimming in one of Ontario’s 250,000+ lakes alongside your big city visits in Toronto and Ottawa (the nation’s capital). Of course, Niagara Falls is a mandatory stop, if even just to take a boat ride through the falls (yes this is an actual thing you can do) and briefly wave hello to the Americans across the border.
After getting your fill of Mother Nature, it’s time to enter French Canada, where you’ll likely not understand a word (even if you speak French). The Québecois accent has an interesting twang that baffles visitors from around the world, so don’t feel too bad if you’re lost. While here, a visit to the province’s capital (also named Québec) is a must for its quaint European charm, and of course, I’d be insane to omit the greatest part of this province: visiting Montréal, where a tasting of Canada’s national drunk food, poutine, is in order. Made up of crispy French fries topped with hot gravy and squeaky cheese curds, this is the perfect meal to warm your cold soul after a few hours on the road… or after a few beers… or at any time really. Yes, we even do breakfast poutine.
Canada road trip route #4: The Maritimes and Newfoundland
The Maritime provinces of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia are where you’ll see some of the most gorgeous landscapes (and enjoy the freshest seafood) of your life. Drive along New Brunswick’s Fundy Trail Parkway for a real treat, or the Cabot Trail, which wraps around Cape Breton for surreal views of the Atlantic. One rule: Don’t leave without having some of this region’s world-famous lobster.
Venturing onward East, you’ll soon hit Newfoundland, the home stretch, where you’ll find quaint fishing villages, gorgeous national parks (Terra Nova being a must) and Canada’s oldest city, St John’s. It is here that the Trans-Canada Highway comes to an end, marked by the Mile One Stadium in the heart of the city.
#canada
【K】Canada Travel-Ottawa[캐나다 여행-오타와]리도 운하 가차심파니강, 원주민 마을 투어/Aboriginal Village Tour
■ KBS 걸어서 세계속으로 PD들이 직접 만든 해외여행전문 유투브 채널 【Everywhere, K】
■ The Travels of Nearly Everywhere! 10,000 of HD world travel video clips with English subtitle! (Click on 'subtitles/CC' button)
■ '구독' 버튼을 누르고 10,000여 개의 생생한 【HD】영상을 공유 해 보세요! (Click on 'setting'-'quality'- 【1080P HD】 ! / 더보기 SHOW MORE ↓↓↓)
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[한국어 정보]
오타와 갑문 바로 아래, 리도 운하와 연결돼 있는 강을 따라 내려가면 원주민 마을이 나온다. 나는 카누를 타고 원주민 마을로 향했다 원주민들은 이강을 “가차심파니 강”이라고 불렀다. “큰물의 강”이라는 뜻이다. 손님이 오면 이렇게 노래를 불러 환영하는 것이 이곳 원주민마을의 전통이라고 한다. 원주민 마을에서 바라본 오타와 시내~ 강 하나를 사이에 뒀지만 시간과 공간의 거리가 꽤 멀게 느껴졌다. 마치 도시속의 고립된 섬 같은 느낌이 들었다. 그래서일까? 짧은 시간에 여러 종류의 동물을 볼 수가 있었다. 방문자를 위한 전통춤 공연이 있었다. 사냥을 하거나 전쟁을 할 때 주로 남자들이 췄다는 전사의 춤이다. 뭐라고 말할까? 전사의 춤은 마치 동물이 사냥감을 위협하는 듯한 느낌이 들었다. 이곳 사람들에게 춤은 과거와의 소통이고 자신들의 존재 가치를 확인하는 소중한 작업은 아닐까? 나는 이들의 전통이 오랫동안 지속되기를 마음속으로 빌었다.
[[English: Google Translator]
Ottawa locks directly below, go down along the Rideau River Canal comes linked with the indigenous villages. I headed for the indigenous natives of the village by canoe yigang called unrelenting steel core Trapani. It means river of flood. The tradition here is that indigenous villages so the songs come calling to welcome the guests. Just put my gazes between downtown Ottawa River - one of the aboriginal village in the distance of time and space, I felt quite distant. I felt like a city within the same isolated island. Is it so? I was able to see the different types of animals in a short period of time. There were dance performances for visitors. When hunting or to the war is mainly the men danced the dance of warriors. Do you say? Dance of the Warriors is told as if the feeling of a threat to animal prey. This dance is communicating to people of the past and wonder is valuable work to make their presence worth? I prayed in my mind to become a long-standing tradition of these.
[Information]
■클립명 : 북미018-캐나다-04-08리도 운하 가차심파니강, 원주민 마을 투어/Aboriginal Village Tour
■여행, 촬영, 편집, 원고 : 최재호 PD (travel, filming, editing, writing : KBS Jaeho Choi TV Producer)
■촬영일자 :2008년 7월(July)
[Keywords]
북미,North America,아메리카,캐나다,Canada,Canada,,최재호,2008년,7월 July,온타리오주,Province of Ontario,Province of Ontario,Ontario
Haunted Places in Ontario
Toronto, Ottawa, Hamilton, and more! Check out our list of the top 10 most haunted places in Ontario! From creepy castles to murderous museums, scary forts, and more! Ghosts, cryptids, and the unknown lurk in the dark shadows of The Heartland Province! Enjoy!
Lost Village near Long Sault by The Real Canadian ( is licenesed under CC BY 2.0 (
Lost Village near Long Sault by The Real Canadian ( is licenesed under CC BY 2.0 (
Canoe Lake - Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario 01 by Ryan Hodnett ( is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (
Canoe Lake - Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario by Ryan Hodnett ( is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (
Fort Erie by Ernest Mettendorf ( is in the public domain
Old Fort Erie, Ontario (470331) by Robert Linsdell ( is licensed under CC BY 2.0 (
Image from page 11 of Souvenir views of the city of Kingston Ontario, Canada, and the Thousand Islands, River St. Lawrence (1901) by Internet Archiver Book Images ( has no known copyright resrictions (
Kingston Pen 1 by P199 ( is in the Public Domain
Blockhouse and latrine from SW by Rbgstewart ( is in the Public Domain
12 pounder and carronade by Rbgstewart ( is in the Public Domain
Fulford Place Gardens by Pierre5018 ( is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (
Fairmont Chateau Laurier by Michel Rathwell ( is licensed under CC BY 2.0 (
View of west elevation of Château Laurier Hotel, Ottawa; by John A. Brebner ( is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
Lift Locks, Peterborough, 2011_5660 by Robert Taylor ( is licensed under CC BY 2.0 (
DSC00058 - Peterborough Lift Lock by Dennis Jarvis ( is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 (
Exterior Bytown Museum Ottawa by Bytownmuseum ( is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 (
Bytown Museum - 03 by Jeangagnon ( is licenced under CC BY-SA 4.0 (
Dundurn Castle in the Summer by Paul Tavares ( is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
Dundurn Castle B by Rick Cordeiro ( is in the Public domain
St Lawrence River and Seaway Documentary
The Saint Lawrence River (French: Fleuve Saint-Laurent; Tuscarora: Kahnawáʼkye;[3] Mohawk: Kaniatarowanenneh, meaning big waterway) is a large river
War of 1812 in the Old Northwest
In 1812, a very young United States of America had its sights set on expansion to the north and the west. But the British wanted to keep its former colony tightly contained. In the balance were the lands of the Northwestern Frontier.
England's Canadian provinces wanted a buffer zone between their lands and what they perceived as a hostile United States. The native peoples who called this land their home, wanted it declared a self-governing Indian territory; an independent nation. The United States wanted to settle the frontier, as they felt they had been promised at the end of the Revolutionary War.
The frontier was a gateway to further western expansion; a Great Lakes highway to natural resources; and a military challenge to the combatants.
The War of 1812 would decide who controlled the lands of the Northwestern Frontier, and the future of a continent.
10 Biggest Natural Disasters in Earths History
The Butterfly Effect principle simply states that, given enough time, whatever event, no matter how small, can and will have tremendous reverberations into the future. And when talking about past disasters, natural or otherwise, we always have to keep in mind that, even though devastating, they are part of what brought us here in the first place. Without them the world and everything in it would have taken a totally different turn, ending up completely different than it is today. The further back in time any particular event takes place, the more indirect influence it has on the present and future, altering them beyond recognition.
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Top 10 Crazy “WHAT IF” Scenarios
What Would Happen if Aliens Landed on Earth?
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Coming up:
10. Outburst of Lake Agassiz, North America
9. The Siberian Traps Eruption, Central Russia
8. The Storegga Slide, Norwegian Sea
7. Laki Eruption, Iceland
6. The 2011 Tornado Super Outbreak, Central United States
5. The Spanish Flu, All Over the Globe
4. Last Outburst of Lake Agassiz and the Black Sea Deluge, Eastern Europe
3. The Zanclean Flood and the Mediterranean Sea
2. North China Drought, 1876-79
1. The Collision Between Earth and Theia
Source/Further reading:
Canada And Newfoundland, Carpenter's World Travels
Canada And Newfoundland, Carpenter's World Travels
List of Photographs
Where Man Feels Close to God
The Untold Wealth of Canada
Newfoundland's Rocky Coast
Icebergs off St. John's Harbour
The Capital City of Newfoundland
On the Fish Wharves
Spreading Codfish out to Dry
Fishing Villages
Hunting Seals on the Ice Fields
Caribou Crossing a River
Ore Piles at the Wabana Mines
The Annual Fishermen's Race
Halifax Harbour
Cape Breton Island
Evangeline's Well
Low Tide in the Bay of Fundy
A Quebec Farm House
French Canadian Woman Spinning
The Gibraltar of America
The St. Louis Gate at Quebec
A Plank-paved Street
Ribbon-like Farms along the St. Lawrence
A Wayside Shrine
The Church of Notre Dame
Grain Elevators of Montreal
Montreal from Mount Royal
In the Old French Market
Toboggan Slide Down Mount Royal
Shooting the Rapids
Through the La Chine Canal
Along the Rideau Canal
The Heights Above the Ottawa River
The Library of Parliament
A Giant of the Forest
Food for a Pulp Mill
A Forest Patrol Airplane
Log Jam on a Canadian River
Toronto's Municipal Playground
Farm Scene in Ontario
Toronto, City of Sky-scrapers
Flax Raising in Ontario
Orchards of the Niagara Peninsula
The Big Ditch at Niagara
Ontario's Giant Power Station
Potential Power for Canadian Industries
The Mining Town of Cobalt
Where One Walks on Silver
Erecting a Discovery Post
The World's Greatest Freight Canal
Bascule Bridge at Sault Ste. Marie
Moose Feeding
Ontario Lake Country
Calling Moose
A Fishermen's Mecca
The Mighty Elevators of Port Arthur
The Falls of Kakabeka
A Six-hundred-foot Lake Freighter
The Gateway to the Prairies
Cutting Corn by Machinery
Stacking Wheat
Over the Trans-continental Route
Selling the Scenery
Bargaining with the Eskimos
A Hudson's Bay Trading Post
A Foster Mother for Foxes
Valuable Furs as Every-day Garments
The Capital of Saskatchewan
Grain Lands of the Prairies
American Windmills in Saskatchewan
Threshing Wheat
In Canada's Great Wheat Province
Farming on a Large Scale
Future Citizens of the Dominion
A Modern Ranch
Raising Corn in Alberta
Railroads as Colonizers
Giving the Settler a Start
Digging Coal from a Country Bank
Milking Machines in an Alberta Dairy
Water for Three Million Acres
Passing of the Wild West
A Royal Ranch Owner
Calgary's Business Section
Mounted Police Headquarters at Macleod
211 Lake of the Hanging Glaciers
The Monarch of the Herd
Mountain Climbing in the Canadian Alps
At the Foot of Mount Robson
The Land of the Kootenays
Apple Orchards of the Pacific Slope
Canada's Most English City
Street in Prince Rupert
The World's Greatest Halibut Port
Totem Poles at Kitwanga
Over the White Pass Railway
On the Overland Trail
Roadhouse on the Tahkeena River
The Head of Navigation on the Yukon
A Klondike Heating Plant
Islands in the Upper Yukon
Through the Five Finger Rapids
A Summer Residence in the Klondike
The White House of the Yukon
In the Land of the Midnight Sun
Redtop Grass Inside the Arctic Circle
258 A Ten-thousand-dollar Potato Patch
Dredging the Golden Gravel
Washing Down the Hills
Old-time Mining Methods
From Gold Seeker to Settler
The Prospector on the Trail
A Dredge King of the Klondike
Hydraulic Mining
The Guardian of the Northwest
An Eskimo of Ellesmere Island
Top 10 Scary Mysterious Towns That Disappeared
Top 10 Scary Mysterious Towns That Disappeared
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More Scary Lists ????
Hello and welcome back to the Most Amazing Channel on the internet. I am your host, Miss Rebecca Jane Felgate and I am bringing you another dose of spooks as I talk the top 10 scary towns that disappeared! Before we get into it…why don’t you tell me a scary story about your town in the comments section down below. SOURCES, LIKE SHARE……. Stick around to the end where I will be reading comments from a previous video.
#top10 #scary #towns #mysterious #mostamazingtop10
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How to travel East Canada, Ontario & Quebec travel guide
The trip from the west up to the east coast of Canada was a part of my round the world trip tour in 2015. This episode is part 2 of a travel guide of Canada. How to travel east Canada. A journey that took me to Ontario, Quebec, Niagara Falls, Saguenay and Fjord national park. Please subscribe for this channel or go to my website
Background music credits:
Bright Future - Silent Partner
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Arc North by Crimson Sky
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Jazz addict by Cosimo Fogg
Jazzaddict's Intro by Cosimo Fogg (201)
Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported— CC BY 3.0
Music provided by Audio Library
Joakim Karud - Piano & Sax
Piano & Sax by Joakim Karud
Creative Commons — Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported— CC BY-SA 3.0
Music provided by Audio Library
Real Ride by Nicolas Heidlas
REAL RIDE by Nicolai Heidlas Music
Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported— CC BY 3.0
Music provided by Audio Library
Chill tune by Nicolas Heidlas
You’re free to use this song in any of your videos, but you must include the following in your video description:
Chill Tune by Nicolai Heidlas Music
Creative Commons — Attribution 3.0 Unported— CC BY 3.0
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Pictramap
Unbelievable Toronto, Canada Travel Guide - Must-See Attractions
Toronto, Ontario, incorporated as a city in 1834, population 2,731,571 (2016 c), 2,615,060 (2011 c). As Ontario's capital city, Toronto has a vibrant history of change and growth, ranging from its early occupation over 1,000 years ago to its current status as North America’s fourth largest city. Toronto is Canada's largest municipality and is made up of the former cities of Toronto, North York, Scarborough, York and Etobicoke, and the former borough of East York. The city is home to a large immigrant population, and is a national and international hub for finance, communications and cultural life.
Settlement.
Approximately 12,500 years ago the Laurentide Ice Sheet, a continental glacier that covered northeastern North America, retreated from the area of present-day Toronto. Soon afterward small groups of Indigenous people moved into the area to hunt animals such as caribou. Around 5,000 years ago, settlements in hunting territories began to form, and people congregated in large spring or summer gatherings at the mouths of rivers to fish, trade and bury their dead. By 500 CE the population of Southern Ontario had reached 10,000, and was made up mostly of Algonkian-speaking peoples.
The introduction of maize, or corn, 1,400 years ago led to the adoption of farming and of permanent settlement. By 1000 CE Iroquoian speaking peoples had moved into the region of present-day Toronto, and by 1300 had established villages there. By 1400 Iroquoian peoples lived in fortified villages that typically included longhouses and stockades that overlooked fields of crops.
For a variety of reasons, including better soil and warfare with the Haudenosaunee (Five Nations Iroquois) of New York State, Iroquoians in the Toronto area began to slowly move north to join the Wendat (Huron) Confederacy in Huronia. In 1650 intertribal warfare and the diseases brought by Europeans led to the collapse and dispersal of the Wendat Confederacy. The Haudenosaunee established a series of settlements in Ontario, including two Seneca villages in present-day Toronto.
Around this time Algonkian speakers began to move south from the Canadian Shield into the Toronto area. Through a process of negotiation the Algonkian-speaking Anishnabe entered into an alliance with the Haudenosaunee. The Anishnabe established settlements in Toronto while the Haudenosaunee withdrew to New York State. Some members of the Anishinaabe became known as the Mississauga, and dominated the area until the end of the 1700s.
The name Toronto is derived from the Mohawk word tkaronto, which means “where there are trees standing in the water.” The word originally referred to The Narrows, near present-day Orillia, where Hurons and other groups drove stakes into the water to create fish weirs. French maps from the 1680s to 1760s identify present-day Lake Simcoe as Lac de Taronto. The spelling changed to Toronto during the 18th century, and the term gradually came to refer to a large region that included the location of the present-day city of Toronto.
At some point between 7,000 and 2,000 years ago, Indigenous peoples discovered an overland shortcut between Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay. Later known as the “Toronto Passage,” this trail was an important north-south route for both Indigenous peoples and Europeans.
European Settlement.
French fur traders had known about the Toronto Passage since the early 1600s, and in 1720 they built a small store on the Humber River. This post failed financially and was abandoned in 1730. In 1750 the French built another small trading post. Fort Rouillé (or Fort Toronto), located in Toronto’s present-day Exhibition Grounds, was burned in 1759 by its French garrison during a retreat from British forces.
MC Knitting Adventures Podcast- Episode #16(Oops!) -Grandville, Holland, Frankenmuth MI
A fun knitting podcast hosted by May and Colleen from London, Ontario, Canada. Our adventures take us to different yarn stores and interesting places.
MC KNITTING ADVENTURES SHOW NOTES-EPISODE #16-GRANDVILLE, HOLLAND, FRANKENMUTH MICHIGAN
STORES VISITED
Threadbender Yarn Shop threadbenderinc.com
GarenHuis Yarn Studio garenhuis.com
Zehnder’s of Frankenmuth zehnders.com
Rapunzel’s Boutique rapunzelsfrankenmuth.com
Harbor Freight Tools harborfreight.com
PATTERNS MENTIONED
Koigu Scarf by Maie Landra
Crocheted Baskets by Churchmouse Yarns and Teas
Heritage Wave Night Train Shawl by Dunbabin
Blueberry Waffle Socks by Sandy Turner
Drippity Drop Socks by Kay F Jones
Terracotta Shawl by Jessica Gore
Norwegian Fir Top Down Cardigan by Oge Knitwear Designs
Cardigans in Bambino 9503 by Stylecraft
Willow Branches Wrap
YARNS MENTIONED
North Shore Prints by Cascade
Bernat Maker Home Dec
Cascade Heritage Wave
Bamboo Mosaic Sock Yarn by Mary Maxim
Dream in Color Yarn-Smooshy with Cashmere
Bernat Softee Baby dK
Cherub DK by Cascade
Marina by Manos del Uruguay
Berroco Corsica
Biscotte Self Striping Yarn
Stonehedge Crazy by Stone Hedge Mill Fiber
PODCAST MENTIONED
Cozy Up Knits (Cozy Up with the Stitchin Sisters)
The Bakery Bears
SOUVENIRS(Other than those mentioned in the Yarns Section)
GarenHuis- Chiaogoo Fixed Circular 2.25 needles
-Hot Flash Fiber Company Goat Milk Soap
-Love + Leche Anywhere Balm- Lavendar and Mint, Lemongrass, Citrus-Rose
Ten Thousand Villages- Blessing Basket
Zhender’s of Frankenmuth- Zehnder’s Black Raspberry Preserve
Rapunzel’s Boutique- Sage and Vanilla
Birch Run Factory Outlets- Coleman Coolers
-Nike Air Pegasus
Harbor Freight Tools- Pin Lock and Hammer
Instagram @mcknitadventures
Ravelry Group: MC Knitting Adventures
Ravelry: mcknitadventures
Amazing Toronto - Capital Of Province Of Ontario, Canada
Toronto, Ontario, incorporated as a city in 1834, population 2,731,571 (2016 c), 2,615,060 (2011 c). As Ontario's capital city, Toronto has a vibrant history of change and growth, ranging from its early occupation over 1,000 years ago to its current status as North America’s fourth largest city. Toronto is Canada's largest municipality and is made up of the former cities of Toronto, North York, Scarborough, York and Etobicoke, and the former borough of East York. The city is home to a large immigrant population, and is a national and international hub for finance, communications and cultural life.
Settlement.
Approximately 12,500 years ago the Laurentide Ice Sheet, a continental glacier that covered northeastern North America, retreated from the area of present-day Toronto. Soon afterward small groups of Indigenous people moved into the area to hunt animals such as caribou. Around 5,000 years ago, settlements in hunting territories began to form, and people congregated in large spring or summer gatherings at the mouths of rivers to fish, trade and bury their dead. By 500 CE the population of Southern Ontario had reached 10,000, and was made up mostly of Algonkian-speaking peoples.
The introduction of maize, or corn, 1,400 years ago led to the adoption of farming and of permanent settlement. By 1000 CE Iroquoian speaking peoples had moved into the region of present-day Toronto, and by 1300 had established villages there. By 1400 Iroquoian peoples lived in fortified villages that typically included longhouses and stockades that overlooked fields of crops.
For a variety of reasons, including better soil and warfare with the Haudenosaunee (Five Nations Iroquois) of New York State, Iroquoians in the Toronto area began to slowly move north to join the Wendat (Huron) Confederacy in Huronia. In 1650 intertribal warfare and the diseases brought by Europeans led to the collapse and dispersal of the Wendat Confederacy. The Haudenosaunee established a series of settlements in Ontario, including two Seneca villages in present-day Toronto.
Around this time Algonkian speakers began to move south from the Canadian Shield into the Toronto area. Through a process of negotiation the Algonkian-speaking Anishnabe entered into an alliance with the Haudenosaunee. The Anishnabe established settlements in Toronto while the Haudenosaunee withdrew to New York State. Some members of the Anishinaabe became known as the Mississauga, and dominated the area until the end of the 1700s.
The name Toronto is derived from the Mohawk word tkaronto, which means “where there are trees standing in the water.” The word originally referred to The Narrows, near present-day Orillia, where Hurons and other groups drove stakes into the water to create fish weirs. French maps from the 1680s to 1760s identify present-day Lake Simcoe as Lac de Taronto. The spelling changed to Toronto during the 18th century, and the term gradually came to refer to a large region that included the location of the present-day city of Toronto.
At some point between 7,000 and 2,000 years ago, Indigenous peoples discovered an overland shortcut between Lake Ontario and Georgian Bay. Later known as the “Toronto Passage,” this trail was an important north-south route for both Indigenous peoples and Europeans.
European Settlement.
French fur traders had known about the Toronto Passage since the early 1600s, and in 1720 they built a small store on the Humber River. This post failed financially and was abandoned in 1730. In 1750 the French built another small trading post. Fort Rouillé (or Fort Toronto), located in Toronto’s present-day Exhibition Grounds, was burned in 1759 by its French garrison during a retreat from British forces.
The Land and the Waters are Speaking: Indigenous Views on Climate Change
The ongoing destruction of Earth’s natural systems is the result of decisions, made daily, by billions of people. These decisions are voluntary and involuntary at once, collective and personal. The question must be asked: what is driving our actions? How do we reignite and reimagine a spiritual relationship with this beautiful planet we call home? From traditions around the world, and from within ourselves, how might we create different narratives that honor nature and acknowledge the sacred?
Two indigenous leaders—Nainoa Thompson and Angaangaq Angakkorsuaq (Uncle)—have both been identified by their communities as messengers who are sharing their wisdom with us as we try to heal this broken world together, and they will guide us through these challenging questions as they reflect on their traditions and spiritual practices. Storytelling is a form of bearing witness to change as we contemplate what it means to be responsible citizens in the Anthropocene.
Learn more about Harvard Divinity School and its mission to illuminate, engage, and serve at hds.harvard.edu/.
Here & Now Wednesday June 6 2018
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WATCH LIVE: The National for Thursday July 20, 2017
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Port Huron Lake Levels meeting
Great Lakes Levels Informational Meeting - Port Huron
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Ontario Votes 2018: Election special
Watch CBC's Ontario election special as results come in and we learn who will form the government.
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