Arta, Greece - Epirus - AtlasVisual
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Arta is a city in northwestern Greece, in Epirus. Famous for the medieval bridge over the Arachthos River and its ancient sites from the era of Pyrrhus of Epirus and its well preserved 13th century castle. Close to the bridge, there is a centenarian plane tree, from 1976 characterized as a preserved natural monument. The beautiful dense leaves extend more than 200 m2. Also worth visiting is the famous Byzantine church of Panagia Parigoritissa, built in the 13th century.
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Panagia Parigoritissa (of Consolation)
13th-century building founded by Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas and his wife Anna Palaiologina Katakouzene
It is the lady of today's Arta, the jewel of the once glorious capital of the Despotate of Epirus. It dominates over the densely populated slope of Peranthi hill, with its imposing presence being a reminder of the grandeur of Byzantine Arta.
Today only the church, the Altar and 16 cells survive from the stavropegial monastery.
Παναγία η Παρηγορήτισσα , η αρχόντισσα της Άρτας | Byzantine Parigoritisa with the floating dome
Παναγία η Παρηγορήτισσα, είναι η αρχόντισσα της σημερινής Άρτας, της άλλοτε ένδοξης πρωτεύουσας του Δεσποτάτου της Ηπείρου. Η πρωτοτυπία του σχεδίου της, οι αρχιτεκτονικές της καινοτομίες την καθιστούν μοναδικό δείγμα βυζαντινής ναοδομίας σ' όλο τον ορθόδοξο χριστιανικό κόσμο. Ένας λαϊκός θρύλος υπάρχει για το ναό και το όνομα του...
Άρτα η πανέμορφη Ηπειρώτικη πόλη | Arta the beautiful town in Epirus Greece
Θα μπορούσε κανείς να τη χαρακτηρίσει ως πόλη στολίδι της Ηπείρου με το φημισμένο πέτρινο γεφύρι, την πλούσια περιοχή του Αμβρακικού Κόλπου, τα ιστορικά και άλλα αξιοθέατά της. Μέσα στην πόλη υπάρχουν πολλές βυζαντινές εκκλησίες. Κάνουμε μια βόλτα στην πόλη και μετά επισκεπτόμαστε το αρχαιολογικό μουσείο. Τα ευρήματα προέρχονται όλα από την περιοχή της Άρτας και καλύπτουν μια μεγάλη περίοδο από την παλαιολιθική εποχή μέχρι τους Ρωμαϊκούς χρόνους.
Panagia Vlachernon
It is located in the village of Vlaherna, opposite Arta, and took its name from the famous Panagia of Vlahernae in Constantinople.
It was founded at the end of the 11th century and remodeled in the mid 13th century by Michael II Komnenos Doukas.
Another jewel of the glory and religiousness of the sedulous Christians of Byzantine Arta.
Church of Agia Theodora
The church of the patron saint of Arta and a pillar are the only salvaged parts of the monastery founded in the 13th century by the queen of the Despotate, Theodora.
It was founded in honor of St. George and functioned as a convent for nuns.
After the death of her husband, Theodora lived as a nun in the monastery, was buried there and the church is dedicated to her name.
Panagia Vlachernon
Diese Kirche befindet sich im Dorf Vlacherna gegenüber von Arta und hat ihren Namen von der berühmten Panagia Vlachernon in Konstantinopel erhalten.
Sie wurde zu Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts errichtet und in der Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts vom Herzog Michail Komninos II umgebaut.
Sie ist ein weiteres Beispiel für den Ruhm und die Religiosität der arbeitsamen Christen in der byzantinischen Stadt Arta.
Panagia Parigoritissa (la Vierge Consolatrice)
Cette église a été bâtie au XIIIe siècle par Nicéphore Ier et son épouse Anna Paléologue.
Il s'agit de la «dame» de l'Arta d'aujourd'hui, la fierté de la capitale jadis glorieuse du despotat d'Épire.
Elle domine le flanc ouest du mont Peranthi, suggérant par sa présence la grandeur d'Arta à l'époque byzantine.
Du grand monastère patriarcal ne subsistent aujourd'hui que l'église, l'autel et 16 cellules.
Die Kirche Panagia Parigoritissa
Ein Gebäude aus dem 13 Jahrhundert, das dem Herzog Nikiforos I. Komninos und seiner Frau Anna Palaiologina Katakouzini gehörte. Es ist die große Dame der heutigen Stadt Arta, ein Juwel aus der ruhmreichen Zeit der einstigen Hauptstadt des Despotats Epirus.
Das Gebäude dominiert den dicht besiedelten Westhang des Hügels Peranthi und setzt mit seiner mächtigen Präsenz ein Zeichen für die Pracht der Stadt Arta in der byzantinischen Epoche.
Von diesem patriarchalischen Kloster sind heute die Kirche, die Ikonenwand und 16 Zellen erhalten geblieben.
Holy Monastery of Kato Panagia
The monastery was built in the 13th century by Michael Doukas Komnenos, Despot of Epirus. Today the monastery is kept alive thanks to the constant care of the nuns who live there.
It is currently an active convent for nuns and retains its initial splendor on the outside and its old mystic ambience in the inside.
Panagia Koronisias
In the middle of beautiful Koronisia, in the arms of Amvrakikos gulf, dominating on the top of the small hill, guard over all, the land and the sea, stands the little church of the Nativity of the Theotokos, a remnant of the old and thriving monastery.
This is one of the oldest churches of Byzantine Arta and dates back to the 10th century. During the Frankokratia and Ottoman Occupation flourished and sheltered many monks.
Later, however, for various reasons it fell into decline and at the end of last century it was abandoned by the monks and it was deserted. However, the church and the small chapel of St. Onoufrios, at a distance of a few meters to the east of the church, still give testimony to its old glory.
Imaret
It was built in the second half of the 15th century by Faik Pasha. The mosque was built with materials taken from the old Byzantine church of Panagia Parigoritissa, from ancient Nicopolis and also from various ancient buildings of Amvrakia.
Faik Pasha, wishing to have his name immortalized, decided to build the Imaret (house for the poor) where a big number of poor people found shelter and food. The area was named Marati from the Imaret.
After the liberation of Arta, the mosque was converted into a church dedicated to St. John the Russian.
Megalohari (Blessed Virgin) - Monastery of Panagia Botsiotissa
The monastery of Panagia Botsiotissa, in the area of Radovyziο, is famous in the wider area of Arta. Its name stems from the old name of the settlement called Botsi.
The monastery is dedicated to the Nativity of the Theotokos. According to the tradition, it was founded in the Byzantine era; however, there are no data to confirm this tradition.
The church is built according to the cruciform architectural style with several distinct characteristics, as the central cupola is shaped as a cube.
Παναγία Παρηγορήτισσα
Κτίσμα του 13ου αιώνα από το Νικηφόρο Α΄ Κομνηνό Δούκα και τη γυναίκα του Άννα Παλαιολογίνα Κατακουζηνή. Από την μεγάλη σταυροπηγιακή μονή σώζονται σήμερα ο ναός, η Τράπεζα και 16 κελιά. Ο ναός εντυπωσιάζει με τις εξωτερικές και εσωτερικές αρχιτεκτονικές καινοτομίες του, ενώ μοναδικός στην εκκλησιαστική αρχιτεκτονική είναι ο τρόπος στήριξης του κεντρικού τρούλου όπου και σώζεται το ψηφιδωτό του Παντοκράτορα.
Αγία Θεοδώρα, η βασίλισσα του Δεσποτάτου της Ηπείρου | St. Theodora the Queen with a golden heart
Ο αρχικός ναός ιδρύθηκε προς τιμή του Αγίου Γεωργίου. Σήμερα όμως τιμά την Αγία Θεοδώρα της Άρτας, τη βασίλισσα και πολιούχο της, συνδέοντας το παρελθόν, το παρόν και το μέλλον της πόλης. Ο αρχικός ναός κτίστηκε το 11ο αιώνα. Το 1270 η βασίλισσα Θεοδώρα ανακαίνισε την εκκλησία, που λειτουργούσε σαν γυναικείο μοναστήριΌπως μας πληροφορεί ο βιογράφος της Αγίας Θεοδώρας ο μοναχός Ιώβ, η βασίλισσα μετά το θάνατο του συζύγου της Μιχαήλ, μόνασε στη μονή μέχρι την κοίμηση της (1281), ενταφιάστηκε εκεί, και μετά την επίσημη ανακήρυξη της ως Αγίας, ο ναός τιμάται πλέον στο όνομα της.
History of Roman and Byzantine domes | Wikipedia audio article
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History of Roman and Byzantine domes
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SUMMARY
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The History of Roman and Byzantine domes traces the architecture of domes throughout the ancient Roman Empire and its medieval continuation, today called the Byzantine Empire. Domes were important architectural elements in both periods and had widespread influence on contemporary and later styles, from Russian and Ottoman architecture to the Italian Renaissance and modern revivals. The domes were customarily hemispherical, although octagonal and segmented shapes are also known, and they developed in form, use, and structure over the centuries. Early examples rested directly on the rotunda walls of round rooms and featured a central oculus for ventilation and light. Pendentives became common in the Byzantine period, provided support for domes over square spaces.
Early wooden domes are known only from a literary source, but the use of wooden formwork, concrete, and unskilled labor enabled domes of monumental size in the late Republic and early Imperial period, such as the so-called Temple of Mercury bath hall at Baiae. Nero introduced the dome into Roman palace architecture in the 1st century and such rooms served as state banqueting halls, audience rooms, or throne rooms. The Pantheon's dome, the largest and most famous example, was built of concrete in the 2nd century and may have served as an audience hall for Hadrian. Imperial mausolea, such as the Mausoleum of Diocletian, were domed beginning in the 3rd century. Some smaller domes were built with a technique of using ceramic tubes in place of a wooden centering for concrete, or as a permanent structure embedded in the concrete, but light brick became the preferred building material over the course of the 4th and 5th centuries. Brick ribs allowed for a thinner structure and facilitated the use of windows in the supporting walls, replacing the need for an oculus as a light source.
Christian baptisteries and shrines were domed in the 4th century, such as the Lateran Baptistery and the likely wooden dome over the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. Constantine's octagonal palace church in Antioch may have been the precedent for similar buildings for centuries afterward. The first domed basilica may have been built in the 5th century, with a church in southern Turkey being the earliest proposed example, but the 6th century architecture of Justinian made domed church architecture standard throughout the Roman east. His Hagia Sophia and Church of the Holy Apostles inspired copies in later centuries.
Cruciform churches with domes at their crossings, such as the churches of Hagia Sophia in Thessaloniki and St. Nicholas at Myra, were typical of 7th and 8th century architecture and bracing a dome with barrel vaults on four sides became the standard structural system. Domes over windowed drums of cylindrical or polygonal shape were standard after the 9th century. In the empire's later period, smaller churches were built with smaller diameter domes, normally less than 6 meters (20 ft) after the 10th century. Exceptions include the 11th century domed-octagons of Hosios Loukas and Nea Moni, and the 12th century Chora Church, among others. The cross-in-square plan, with a single dome at the crossing or five domes in a quincunx pattern, as at the Church of St. Panteleimon, was the most popular type from the 10th century until the fall of Constantinople in 1453.