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The Highland Clearances were the evictions of a significant number of tenants in the Scottish Highlands mostly during the 18th and 19th centuries. In the first phase, they usually resulted from enclosures of common lands and a change from farming to sheep rearing, largely carried out by hereditary landowners who previously had status as Scots Gaelic clan chiefs. Later clearances, in the second phase, involved overcrowded crofting communities that had lost the means to support themselves, through famine and/or collapse of industries that they had relied on , as well as continuing population growth. The Clearances were a complex series of events occurring over more than a hundred years. A Highland Clearance has been defined as an enforced simultaneous eviction of all families living in a given area, such as an entire glen.The Clearances relied on the insecurity of tenure of most tenants under the Scottish legal system. There was no equivalent of the English system of copyhold, which provided a heritable tenancy for many English counterparts of the Scots who were cleared from their farms.
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