Childebert I
Childebert I was a Frankish King of the Merovingian dynasty, as third of the four sons of Clovis I who shared the kingdom of the Franks upon their father's death in 511. He was one of the sons of Saint Clotilda, born at Reims. He reigned as King of Paris from 511 to 558 and Orléans from 524 to 558.
In the partition of the realm, he received as his share the town of Paris, the country to the north as far as the river Somme, to the west as far as the English Channel, and the Armorican peninsula. His brothers ruled in different lands: Theuderic I in Metz, Chlodomer in Orléans, and Clothar I in Soissons.
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LAUDATE NOMEN DOMINI (Christopher Tye)
Laudate Nomen Domini (Christopher Tye) chorales Point d'Orgue (Atscaf Lyon) et Voix du Rail (Uaicf Oullins) réunies
(contact chorales : Paul Guérin Tél. 04-74-67-59-97)
E-mail : paul.guerin9@orange.fr
Filmé à l'aide d'un téléphone portable dans l'église de Veauche (Loire) le 26 mars 2006.
NE PAS TROP MONTER LE VOLUME POUR ÉVITER LA DISTORSION DU SON ET AVOIR UN MEILLEUR CONFORT D'ÉCOUTE
When Wolves Attack
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When wolves attack! What to do when you encounter this creature or a pack of wolves in the wilderness!
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Voiceover by Carl Mason: carlito1705@icloud.com
What is it?
The wolf is a wild mammal of the dog family with 40 different subspecies. The best known and most researched species is the gray wolf, also known as the timber wolf or Canis lupus. As the largest members of the Canidae family, grey wolves have strong bodies capable of great endurance.
6 Wolves of Turku
In 1880 and 1881 this trio of wolves was in the town of Turku, Finland. One of the beasts was sent to the Riihimäki museum and another to St. Olof’s school, where they’re still on display today.
Where are they located?
Wolves are found in the wilderness and remote areas of North America, Europe and Asia. Nowadays, wolfs occur most often in India and its neighboring countries, with more than 200 recorded in 50 years up to 2002. Wolves are social animals, their most famous means of communication is the howl. A wolf’s howl has the purpose of assembling the pack, passing an alarm, locating its members in unfamiliar territory or communicating across large distances. In optimum conditions, it’s howl can be heard for 50 square miles.
5 Wolves of Hazaribagh
This pack of five wolves claimed 13 children aged 4 to 10 in the area surrounding the Indian town of Hazaribagh. The wolves were attracted by the town’s rubbish dump. One of the first happened on February 15th 1981.
How?
Throughout history the grey wolf has been seen as a noble creature with numerous symbols and legends attached to its name. They occur throughout the year peaking from June to August, as the number of people entering forested areas increases due to livestock and the picking of various crops.
4 Patricia Wyman
Patricia Wyman was a wildlife biologist who, shortly after obtaining her degree, got a job as a wolf caretaker at the Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve in Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Provincial Police sent three officers on site. When they entered the enclosure to retrieve the body one of the beasts growled at them as the rest began to circle them.
How?
If you’re walking in an area known for wolf activity and you see one, try to walk away slowly without it seeing you. It’s important to remember that wolves live in packs, so where there's one wolf, several more maybe close by. If it does spot you, back away slowly and avoid eye contact, as wolves will most likely see this as a challenge. Instead, try making yourself bigger and display behavior by jumping, shouting, and throwing whatever is close to hand. If you don't have one, it's recommended that you curl on the ground with your arms protecting your face and neck, which are the wolf’s usual targets.
3 Wolf of Soissons
Over the course of just two days in 1765 this wolf occurred northeast of Paris in the commune of Soissons. More people arrived and it was eventually chased away. Former local militia, Antoine Saverelle managed to track the wolf to a small lane. When the beast sprung at him, Saverelle used the pitchfork brought with him to pin its head on the ground for almost fifteen minutes until an villager came. For his bravery, Saverelle received a reward from Louis XV of France.
1 Wolf of Gévaudan
The wolf of Gévaudan is the historical name given to one or a pack of wolves that were in the former province of Gévaudan in the Margeride Mountains in south-central France between 1764 and 1767. It took place in an area measuring 56 by 50 miles. It was said that the beast liked women, children and lone men who were tending their livestock in the forests of Gévaudan. Various reports claimed that the beast only targeted the face and neck. It’s fur was red and its back streaked with black. It also had a wide chest and a long tail and overall resembled an exceptionally large grey wolf. Nicknamed Le Loup de Chazes, it weighed 130 pounds and measured 5ft7 in length. The wolf was stuffed and sent to the Versailles Palace.
Alan Wilson Historian - The Hidden History of Britain
Turn on captions for English subtitles.
Alan Wilson is a British historian specialising in the origins and ancient history of the British and the history of the ancient British kings including two real King Arthurs.
Arthurian research:
In 1976, after a chance meeting with historical researcher, Anthony Thomas 'Baram' Blackett, at the public library in Newcastle upon Tyne, the two men decided to put up many thousands of pounds of their own money to fund full-time research into the origins of King Arthur. The Arthurian stories, so popular today, came out of South-Eastern Wales into France, via the Normans, in the 12th century and this encouraged them to start their search in the same place. The search soon moved beyond Wales to include the English Midlands which had been dominated by the old Welsh Kingdoms for centuries.
To date, Wilson and Blackett have published seven books that provide information based upon Old Welsh records that date to the 12th Century. They believe that these provide a final solution to the King Arthur story and have clearly identified the true sites of the battles of Badon (Mynydd Baedan) and Camlann.
In 1983, Wilson and Blackett discovered what they believe to be King Arthur's memorial stone at the small ruined church of St Peter-super-Montem on Mynydd-y-Gaer in Mid-Glamorgan, which they subsequently purchased. The stone was offered to the National Museum of Wales (Amguedda Werin Cymru) for analysis, but the offer was not taken up. Subsequently it went on public display in various venues for some time. Following this, they employed the services of two archaeologists, (Professor Eric Talbot and Alan Wishart) in 1990, to lead a dig at the same place. During the excavations, which were authorised by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales, several artefacts were discovered including an ancient axe, a knife and a small cross weighing two and a half pounds, that reads Pro Anima Artorius (For The Soul Of Arthur). The cross was subsequently tested by an independent metallurgical house, Bodycote PLC, and found to be made of electrum, and so certified. The cross was offered up to the National Museum of Wales for public testing, but this also was declined.Wilson and Blackett had already identified the church as an ancient historical site possibly originally dating from the first century A.D. Other major Welsh kings are buried locally.
More recently, Wilson and Blackett began a search for what was known as 'The Greatest Work of the Cymru' - Cyfrangon. This is allegedly a massive, hollow, man-made hill concealed somewhere in Wales (similar to Silbury Hill). Treasure hunters in Wales have long sought this fabled hill in which, it is believed, lie several objects of tremendous historical and archaeological value, many of which may be covered in gold or copper.
The use of deep ground probing metal detection and analysis equipment revealed non ferrous metal artefacts some fifteen feet below the surface of the hill at Twyn y Glog, near Ynysybwl in mid Glamorgan. Further investigation by collaborators proved that the original height of the hill lies some 30 or more metres below the Ordnance Survey height, and that the hill is therefore an artificial construct. (Berkly, G., 2007).
No further tests have been made to date (10 September 2007).
Lecture tours:
Alan Wilson and his colleague lectured extensively in the United Kingdom, including Manchester and Jesus College at the University of Oxford, and Alan Wilson gave the prestigious Bemis Lecture in Boston in 1993. Research into claims that the Welsh settled in mid-western America in antiquity led to Wilson and his colleague, Baram Blackett, accepting invitations from American supporters to visit US sites of historical significance in 1994. The visit led to several television appearances and the deciphering of alphabetic inscriptions claimed to be in the old 'Coelbren' alphabet. Wilson also concluded that the many snake mounds in the American Mid-west were of ancient Khumric-British construction. Whilst in America, the two men were also commissioned to produce a detailed genealogy for the Bush family (friends and supporters of President George H. W. Bush).
Published works:
Arthur, King of Glamorgan and Gwent (with Baram Blackett, MT Byrd Partnership, 1980)
Arthur and Charter of the Kings (with Baram Blackett, MT Byrd Partnership, 1981)
Arthur The War King (with Baram Blackett, MT Byrd Partnership, 1982-3)
Artorius Rex Discovered (with Baram Blackett, MT Byrd Partnership, 1986)
The Holy Kingdom (with Adrian Gilbert and Baram Blackett, Bantam, 1998)
King Arthur Conspiracy (with Grant Berkley and Baram Blackett, Trafford, 2005)
Moses in the Hieroglyphs (with Grant Berkley and Baram Blackett, Trafford, 2006)
The Discovery of the Ark of the Covenant (with Grant Berkley and Baram Blackett, Trafford, 2007)
Victoire Properties - Le Toison d'Or - Bruxelles
Chaînon manquant dans le haut de la ville de Bruxelles.
Au sud de la petite ceinture de Bruxelles s’étend un quartier de renommée internationale. Les plus beaux magasins de marques, des musées passionnants et de vastes parcs s’y côtoient. Le Toison d’Or apporte désormais une dimension supplémentaire à l’agitation urbaine de ce quartier du haut de la ville. Le projet se distingue par un design innovant, une alternance équilibrée d’unités résidentielles attenantes à un vaste jardin intérieur, deux crèches et de nombreux commerces, le tout desservi par un parking sous-terrain propre. Le Toison d’Or fait sans conteste partie des lieux les plus prisés de la capitale européenne.
Maximum Oeuvredrive: Every Stephen King Film in one song
Based on the novel IT, this song is from the musical The Opera House of Blood: in small town Maine, an ancient evil sleeps beneath the streets; an entire population has been coerced into compliant silence by the promise of prosperity and comfort. One man has sold his soul to the transdimensional maleficence in exchange for a chance to be the world's greatest living author. Guess who's coming to the theatre? (Hint: It's a clown...)
(bring the musical madness to your home town!)
Over 100 films have now been made from the works of Stephen King. This song uses the titles of over 106 films in the lyrics, to celebrates the genius (for he is clearly a creative genius!) of Stephen King. The films cover a huge gamut: from Hollywood (Carrie, Misery, The Shining) to Bollywood (No Smoking). The title Maximum Oeuvre Drive is a nod to the only film Mr. King directed himself, 1986's Maximum Overdrive: one of the worst films ever made, it is, of course, celebrated by King fans as a masterpiece.
The songs were recorded, (by me and my children), on a broken down Tascam multi-track recorder.
Carrie; Night Flier; The Shining; Cat's Eye; Christine, Cujo; The Running Man; Children of the Corn; Firestarter; Creepshow; Stand By Me; Silver Bullet; The Kid from Colorado (Haven); Misery; Sometimes They Come Back; Sleepwalkers; The Dark Half; Needful Things; The Shawshank Redemption; The Tommyknockers; Apt Pupil; The Boogeyman; The Stand; Bag of Bones; Secret Window; Dolores Clairborne; Graveyard Shift; the Mist; Sorry Right Number; Last Rung on the Ladder; Thinner; Hearts in Atlantis; Pet Sematary; Rose Red; The Green Mile; Riding the Bullet; 1408; Maximum Overdrive;
Langoliers; Golden Years; Salem's Lot; The Storm of the Century; Creepshow 2; Carrie 2; return to Salem's Lot; the Lawnmower Man; Pet Sematary 2; trucks; Michael Jackson's Ghosts; Children of the Corn 2 The Final Sacrifice; Children of the Corn 4 Urban Harvest; Children of the Corn 5 Fields of Terror; Children of the Corn 666 Isaac's Return; Children of the corn 7 Revelation; Children of the Corn 8 Genesis; All That You Love Will Be Carried Away; The Secret Transit Codes of America's Highways; Suffer the Little Children; Nightmares and Dreamscapes;
That feeling, you can only say what it is in French; the things they left behind;
Paranoid; the woman in the room; desperation; here there be tigers;
strawberry spring; word processor of the gods; no smoking; the man in the black suit;
gramma; night surf; luckey quarter; the cat from hell;
chinga; disciples of the crow; llamadas; the diary of Ellen Rimbauer;
rainy season; the revelations of Becka Paulson; I know what you need; kingdom hospital;
the moving finger; the charning; in the deathroom; the man who would not shake hands; the man who loved flowers;
Popsy; Willa; autopsy room four; grey matter; Cain rose up;
everything's eventual; one for the road; Dolan's Cadillac; hard ride; Tussenstop
survivor type; my pretty pony; flowers for norma; message from Jerusalem; Mute;
The Dark Tower Series; Under the Dome; Ghost Brothers of Darkland County;
Mangler 2; The Mangler; The Mangler Reborn; Dreamcatcher
Motion Picture Clips:
Carrie, 1976, Brian De Palma, United Artists
Pet Sematary Music Video, 1989, Bill Fishman
American Express Commercial, Stephen King, 1985
Maximum Overdrive, 1986, Stephen King, De Laurentis Entertainment Group
Michael Jackson's Ghosts, 1997, Stan Winston, Kingdom Productions
Children of the Corn II, the Final Sacrifice, 1993, David Price, Dimension Films, Paramount Pictures
Children of the Corn VIII: Genesis, 2011, Joel Soisson, Dimension Films
The Secret Transit Codes of America's Highways, 2004, Brian Berkowitz
Suffer the Little Children, 2005, Bernardo Villela
That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French, 2011, Nathan Gathergood
The Things they Left Behind, 2011, Pablo Macho Maysonet IV
Paranoid, 2000, Jay Holben
Desperation, 2006, Mick Garris, Touchstone television
Strawberry Spring, 2001, Doveed Linder
No Smoking, 2007, Anurag Kashyup, Eros International
Gramma (The Twilight Zone), 1986, Bradford May, Chiller, CBS, MGM
Luckey Quarter, 2004, Robert David Cochrane
Chinga, (The X-Files s5 e10), 1998, Kim Manners, Ten Thirteen, 20th Century Fox
The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer, 2003, craig R. Baxley, Greengrass Productions
The Revelations of Becka Paulson (The Outer Limits, s3, e15), 1997, Steven Weber, MGM Domestic
Kingdom Hospital, 2004, Craig R. Baxley, ABC, Touchstone Television
Mute, 2011, Jacqueline Wright
The Dark Tower, the gunslinger and the Man in Black, 2010, Ed Moorhouse
Ghost Brothers of Darkland County, 2012, Susan V. Booth, Alliance Theater
The Mangler reborn, 2005, Erik Gardner, Matt Cunningham, Lions Gate Films
An Unexpected Spotting of Stephen King, 2010, amp66cobain, NEScom
p.s. I know there are a few films I left out: add a comment, whydontcha?
Over By Christmas? - Growing Allied Confidence I THE GREAT WAR Week 213
Get David Zabecki's Book about the German 1918 Offensives:
With the recent Black Day of the German Army and the success of the new strategy of Allied attacks along the Western Front and with the renewed offensives in Palestine, British Commander Sir Douglas Haig is confident the war can be won by the end of the year. Entente Generalissimo Ferdinand Foch is a bit more cautious but also thinks the war can be won by 1919.
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» WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT WORLD WAR I AND WHERE ELSE CAN I FIND YOU?
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We are also happy to get your feedback, criticism or ideas in the comments. If you have interesting historical questions, just post them and we will answer in our OUT OF THE TRENCHES videos. You can find a selection of answers to the most frequently asked questions here:
» CAN I SHOW YOUR VIDEOS IN CLASS?
Of course! Tell your teachers or professors about our channel and our videos. We’re happy if we can contribute with our videos. If you are a teacher and have questions about our show, you can get in contact with us on one of our social media presences.
» WHAT ARE YOUR SOURCES?
Videos: British Pathé
Pictures: Mostly Picture Alliance
Background Map:
Literature (excerpt):
Gilbert, Martin. The First World War. A Complete History, Holt Paperbacks, 2004.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. A Combat History of the First World War, Oxford University Press, 2013.
Hart, Peter. The Great War. 1914-1918, Profile Books, 2013.
Stone, Norman. World War One. A Short History, Penguin, 2008.
Keegan, John. The First World War, Vintage, 2000.
Hastings, Max. Catastrophe 1914. Europe Goes To War, Knopf, 2013.
Hirschfeld, Gerhard. Enzyklopädie Erster Weltkrieg, Schöningh Paderborn, 2004
Michalka, Wolfgang. Der Erste Weltkrieg. Wirkung, Wahrnehmung, Analyse, Seehamer Verlag GmbH, 2000
Leonhard, Jörn. Die Büchse der Pandora: Geschichte des Ersten Weltkrieges, C.H. Beck, 2014
If you want to buy some of the books we use or recommend during our show, check out our Amazon Store:
NOTE: This store uses affiliate links which grant us a commission if you buy a product there.
» WHAT IS “THE GREAT WAR” PROJECT?
THE GREAT WAR covers the events exactly 100 years ago: The story of World War I in realtime. Featuring: The unique archive material of British Pathé. Indy Neidell takes you on a journey into the past to show you what really happened and how it all could spiral into more than four years of dire war. Subscribe to our channel and don’t miss our new episodes every Thursday.
» WHO IS REPLYING TO MY COMMENTS? AND WHO IS BEHIND THIS PROJECT?
Most of the comments are written by our social media manager Florian. He is posting links, facts and backstage material on our social media channels. But from time to time, Indy reads and answers comments with his personal account, too.
The Team responsible for THE GREAT WAR is even bigger:
- CREDITS -
Presented by : Indiana Neidell
Written by: Indiana Neidell
Director: Toni Steller & Florian Wittig
Director of Photography: Toni Steller
Sound: Toni Steller
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: above-zero.com
Editing: Toni Steller
Motion Design: Christian Graef
Research by: Indiana Neidell
Fact checking: Markus Linke
The Great War Theme composed by Karim Theilgaard:
A Mediakraft Networks Original Channel
Based on a concept by Spartacus Olsson
Author: Indiana Neidell
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Contains licenced Material by British Pathé
All rights reserved - © Mediakraft Networks GmbH, 2018
QANTA vs. Ken Jennings at UW
Jeopardy! champion Ken Jennings and cutting-edge quiz-playing AI QANTA go head-to-CPU in quiz bowl
UW Computer Science and Engineering is pleased to host an event for both trivia aficionados and those interested in artificial intelligence: a quiz bowl match pitting a computer against the most successful Jeopardy! player of all time.
On Friday evening, a team of researchers will debut its computerized question-answering system (QANTA) in a tossup-only competition against Ken Jennings. Unlike other question answering systems that are allowed to see the entire question at once (e.g., IBM Watson, which previously defeated Ken Jennings on Jeopardy!), this system decides when it has enough information to answer a question and is thus able to handle quiz bowl-style tossup questions.
Prior to the exhibition game, Prof. Jordan Boyd-Graber of the University of Colorado at Boulder, one of QANTA's developers, will briefly discuss the state-of-the-art machine learning research that went into the system and how interested students can get involved by using and improving the open-source system.
Ken Jennings, a former UW student, in addition to shattering American game show records, is a best-selling author and pop culture phenomenon who lives in Seattle, Washington.
Project web page:
UW NLP Group:
Ken Jennings:
Source:
Human-Computer Quiz Bowl competition format copyright 2019, Jordan Boyd-Graber
Questions and content licensed under CC-BY-SA
I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?!
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This will be from pc and also from ps4!
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U.S. Code - Title 17 - § 107
I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?! I AM SO HOT THAT I AM SUPER ?!
Somme Tales
Student film produced about those who experienced the Battle of the Somme based on collections from The National Archives
Childebert I | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Childebert I
00:00:28 1 Biography
00:04:16 2 Ancestry
00:04:25 3 Notes
00:04:34 4 Sources
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Childebert I (c. 496 – 13 December 558) was a Frankish King of the Merovingian dynasty, as third of the four sons of Clovis I who shared the kingdom of the Franks upon their father's death in 511. He was one of the sons of Saint Clotilda, born at Reims. He reigned as King of Paris from 511 to 558 and Orléans from 524 to 558.
History of the United States Marine Corps | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:13 1 Background
00:11:42 1.1 Colonial era
00:16:49 2 Continental era
00:45:42 3 Establishment of the modern Marine Corps
00:50:42 3.1 Henderson's era
00:55:17 4 Civil War
00:59:24 4.1 Confederate Marines
00:59:42 5 Latter 19th century
01:02:50 5.1 Spanish– & Philippine–American Wars
01:04:52 6 Early 1900s
01:08:18 6.1 Banana Wars
01:14:35 7 World War I
01:18:19 7.1 A new amphibious mission
01:23:54 8 World War II
01:27:32 8.1 Interim: WWII-Korea
01:33:24 9 Korean War
01:35:07 9.1 Interim: Korea-Vietnam
01:36:31 10 Vietnam War
01:37:30 10.1 Interim: post-Vietnam War
01:41:24 11 The 1990s
01:41:33 11.1 Gulf War
01:42:11 11.2 Bosnian War
01:43:26 11.3 Other
01:45:34 12 Twenty-first century
01:46:42 12.1 War in Afghanistan
01:47:51 12.2 Iraq War
01:49:26 13 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9459519294267857
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The history of the United States Marine Corps (USMC) begins with the founding of the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 to conduct ship-to-ship fighting, provide shipboard security and discipline enforcement, and assist in landing forces. Its mission evolved with changing military doctrine and foreign policy of the United States. Owing to the availability of Marine forces at sea, the United States Marine Corps has served in nearly every conflict in United States history. It attained prominence when its theories and practice of amphibious warfare proved prescient, and ultimately formed a cornerstone of the Pacific Theater of World War II. By the early 20th century, the Marine Corps would become one of the dominant theorists and practitioners of amphibious warfare. Its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises has made and continues to make it an important tool for U.S. foreign policy.In February 1776, the Continental Marines embarked on their maiden expedition. The Continental Marines were disbanded at the end of the war, along with the Continental Navy. In preparation for the Quasi-War with France, Congress created the United States Navy and the Marine Corps. The Marines' most famous action of this period occurred in the First Barbary War (1801–1805) against the Barbary pirates. In the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), the Marines made their famed assault on Chapultepec Palace, which overlooked Mexico City, their first major expeditionary venture. In the 1850s, the Marines would see service in Panama, and in Asia. During the U.S. Civil War (1861–1865) the Marine Corps played only a minor role after their participation in the Union defeat at the first battle of First Bull Run/Manassas. Their most important task was blockade duty and other ship-board battles, but they were mobilized for a handful of operations as the war progressed. The remainder of the 19th century would be a period of declining strength and introspection about the mission of the Marine Corps. Under Commandant Jacob Zeilin's term (1864–1876), many Marine customs and traditions took shape. During the Spanish–American War (1898), Marines would lead U.S. forces ashore in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico, demonstrating their readiness for deployment. Between 1900 and 1916, the Marine Corps continued its record of participation in foreign expeditions, especially in the Caribbean and Central and South America, which included Panama, Cuba, Veracruz, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Nicaragua.
In World War I, battle-tested, veteran Marines served a central role in the United States' entry into the conflict. Between the world wars, the Marine Corps was headed by Major General John A. Lejeune, another popular commandant. In World War II, the Marines played a central role, under Admiral Nimitz, in the Pacific War, participating in nearly every significant battle. The Corps also ...
Decline of the Roman Empire | Wikipedia audio article
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Decline of the Roman Empire
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Fall of the Western Roman Empire (also called Fall of the Roman Empire or Fall of Rome) was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities. The Roman Empire lost the strengths that had allowed it to exercise effective control over its Western provinces; modern historians mention factors including the effectiveness and numbers of the army, the health and numbers of the Roman population, the strength of the economy, the competence of the Emperors, the internal struggles for power, the religious changes of the period, and the efficiency of the civil administration. Increasing pressure from barbarians outside Roman culture also contributed greatly to the collapse. The reasons for the collapse are major subjects of the historiography of the ancient world and they inform much modern discourse on state failure.Relevant dates include 117 CE, when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent, and the accession of Diocletian in 284. Irreversible major territorial loss, however, began in 376 with a large-scale irruption of Goths and others. In 395, after winning two destructive civil wars, Theodosius I died, leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire, still plagued by Goths, divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. Further barbarian groups crossed the Rhine and other frontiers, and like the Goths were not exterminated, expelled or subjected. The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective, and despite brief recoveries under able leaders, central rule was never effectively consolidated. By 476 when Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus, the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military, political, or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman. Barbarian kingdoms had established their own power in much of the area of the Western Empire. While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today, the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again. The Eastern Empire survived, and though lessened in strength remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean.
While the loss of political unity and military control is universally acknowledged, the Fall is not the only unifying concept for these events; the period described as Late Antiquity emphasizes the cultural continuities throughout and beyond the political collapse.
World War One | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:08:36 1 Names
00:10:12 2 Background
00:10:21 2.1 Political and military alliances
00:13:25 2.2 Arms race
00:16:07 2.3 Conflicts in the Balkans
00:17:46 3 Prelude
00:17:55 3.1 Sarajevo assassination
00:20:29 3.2 Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:21:39 3.3 July Crisis
00:26:43 4 Progress of the war
00:26:53 4.1 Opening hostilities
00:27:02 4.1.1 Confusion among the Central Powers
00:28:01 4.1.2 Serbian campaign
00:28:52 4.1.3 German Offensive in Belgium and France
00:32:51 4.1.4 Asia and the Pacific
00:34:13 4.1.5 African campaigns
00:35:05 4.1.6 Indian support for the Allies
00:36:55 4.2 Western Front
00:37:04 4.2.1 Trench warfare begins
00:39:54 4.2.2 Continuation of trench warfare
00:44:28 4.3 Naval war
00:50:22 4.4 Southern theatres
00:50:32 4.4.1 War in the Balkans
00:55:02 4.4.2 Ottoman Empire
01:00:45 4.4.3 Italian participation
01:06:13 4.4.4 Romanian participation
01:09:43 4.5 Eastern Front
01:09:52 4.5.1 Initial actions
01:10:55 4.5.2 Russian Revolution
01:14:02 4.5.3 Czechoslovak Legion
01:15:48 4.6 Central Powers peace overtures
01:17:58 4.7 1917–1918
01:18:20 4.7.1 Developments in 1917
01:22:09 4.7.2 Ottoman Empire conflict, 1917–1918
01:26:02 4.7.3 15 August 1917: Peace offer by the Pope
01:27:15 4.7.4 Entry of the United States
01:31:47 4.7.5 German Spring Offensive of 1918
01:36:17 4.7.6 New states enter the war
01:37:52 4.8 Allied victory: summer 1918 onwards
01:38:05 4.8.1 Hundred Days Offensive
01:40:45 4.8.1.1 Battle of Albert
01:42:41 4.8.2 Allied advance to the Hindenburg Line
01:45:02 4.8.3 German Revolution 1918–1919
01:46:15 4.8.4 New German government surrenders
01:47:28 4.8.5 Armistices and capitulations
01:51:47 5 Aftermath
01:52:36 5.1 Formal end of the war
01:54:56 5.2 Peace treaties and national boundaries
02:00:40 5.3 National identities
02:05:13 5.4 Health effects
02:09:40 6 Technology
02:09:49 6.1 Ground warfare
02:16:41 6.1.1 Areas taken in major attacks
02:18:41 6.2 Naval
02:19:48 6.3 Aviation
02:22:27 7 War crimes
02:22:37 7.1 Baralong incidents
02:23:44 7.2 Torpedoing of HMHS iLlandovery Castle/i
02:24:42 7.3 Blockade of Germany
02:25:42 7.4 Chemical weapons in warfare
02:28:12 7.5 Genocide and ethnic cleansing
02:28:22 7.5.1 Ottoman Empire
02:30:24 7.5.2 Russian Empire
02:30:54 7.6 Rape of Belgium
02:32:38 8 Soldiers' experiences
02:33:22 8.1 Prisoners of war
02:37:58 8.2 Military attachés and war correspondents
02:38:29 9 Support for the war
02:43:19 10 Opposition to the war
02:50:31 11 Conscription
02:51:01 11.1 Canada
02:51:33 11.2 Australia
02:52:56 11.3 Britain
02:54:49 11.4 United States
02:57:19 11.5 Austria-Hungary
02:58:11 12 Diplomacy
02:59:13 13 Legacy and memory
02:59:41 13.1 Historiography
03:00:33 13.2 Memorials
03:02:37 13.3 Cultural memory
03:06:18 13.4 Social trauma
03:07:43 13.5 Discontent in Germany
03:10:10 13.6 Economic effects
03:18:01 14 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.8523601930926061
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, on 23 ...
Race to the Sea | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:26 1 Background
00:03:35 1.1 Strategic developments
00:03:44 1.1.1 Plan XVII
00:06:09 1.1.2 Schlieffen–Moltke Plan
00:08:14 1.1.3 Battle of the Frontiers, 7 August – 13 September
00:14:10 1.1.4 The Great Retreat, 24 August – 5 September
00:18:48 1.1.5 Eastern Front
00:23:10 1.2 Tactical developments
00:23:19 1.2.1 Operations in Belgium, August–October 1914
00:28:52 1.2.2 First Battle of the Marne, 5–12 September
00:33:08 1.2.3 First Battle of the Aisne, 13–28 September
00:35:35 2 Prelude
00:35:44 2.1 German plan of attack
00:38:52 2.2 French plan of attack
00:40:35 3 Battle
00:40:44 3.1 First phase, 25 September – 4 October
00:40:56 3.1.1 Battle of Picardy, 22–26 September
00:43:18 3.1.2 Battle of Albert, 25–29 September
00:45:46 3.2 Second phase 4–15 October
00:45:56 3.2.1 First Battle of Arras, 1–4 October
00:49:01 3.3 Third phase, 15 October–November
00:49:13 3.3.1 Battle of La Bassée, 10 October – 2 November
00:52:07 3.3.2 Battle of Messines, 12 October – 2 November
00:55:00 3.3.3 Battle of Armentières, 13 October – 2 November
00:58:29 4 Aftermath
00:58:38 4.1 Analysis
01:02:44 4.2 Casualties
01:03:39 5 Subsequent operations
01:03:49 5.1 First Battle of Flanders
01:03:58 5.1.1 Battle of the Yser, 18 October – 30 November
01:06:30 5.1.2 First Battle of Ypres, 19 October – 22 November
01:09:10 6 Notes
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Speaking Rate: 0.8982197821276788
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Race to the Sea (French: Course à la mer; German: Wettlauf zum Meer, Dutch: Race naar de Zee) took place from about 17 September – 19 October 1914, after the Battle of the Frontiers (7 August – 13 September) and the German advance into France, which had been stopped at the First Battle of the Marne (5–12 September) and was followed by the First Battle of the Aisne (13–28 September), a Franco-British counter-offensive. The term describes reciprocal attempts by the Franco-British and German armies to envelop the northern flank of the opposing army through the provinces of Picardy, Artois and Flanders, rather than an attempt to advance northwards to the sea. The race ended on the North Sea coast of Belgium around 19 October, when the last open area from Dixmude to the North Sea was occupied by Belgian troops who had retreated after the Siege of Antwerp (28 September – 10 October). The outflanking attempts had resulted in a number of encounter battles but neither side was able to gain a decisive victory.After the opposing forces had reached the North Sea, both tried to conduct offensives leading to the mutually costly and indecisive Battle of the Yser from 16 October to 2 November and the First Battle of Ypres from 19 October to 22 November. After mid-November, local operations were carried out by both sides and preparations were made to take the offensive in the spring of 1915. Erich von Falkenhayn, Chief of the German General Staff (Oberste Heeresleitung OHL) since 14 September, concluded that a decisive victory could not be achieved on the Western Front and that it was equally unlikely in the east. Falkenhayn abandoned Vernichtungsstrategie (strategy of annihilation) and attempted to create the conditions for peace with one of Germany's enemies, by Ermattungsstrategie (strategy of exhaustion), to enable Germany to concentrate its resources decisively to defeat the remaining opponents.
Over the winter lull, the French army established the theoretical basis of offensive trench warfare, originating many of the methods which became standard for the rest of the war. Infiltration tactics, in which dispersed formations of infantry were followed by nettoyeurs de tranchée (trench cleaners), to capture by-passed strong points were promulgated. Artillery observation from aircraft and creeping barrages, were first used systema ...
Aurelian | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Aurelian
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Aurelian (Latin: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus; 9 September 214 or 215 – September or October 275) was Roman Emperor from 270 to 275. Born in humble circumstances, he rose through the military ranks to become emperor. During his reign, he defeated the Alamanni after a devastating war. He also defeated the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi. Aurelian restored the Empire's eastern provinces after his conquest of the Palmyrene Empire in 273. The following year he conquered the Gallic Empire in the west, reuniting the Empire in its entirety. He was also responsible for the construction of the Aurelian Walls in Rome, and the abandonment of the province of Dacia.
His successes were instrumental in ending the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century, earning him the title Restitutor Orbis or 'Restorer of the World'. Although Domitian was the first emperor who had demanded to be officially hailed as dominus et deus (master and god), these titles never occurred in written form on official documents until the reign of Aurelian.
World War I | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
World War I
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
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Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial developments and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923, in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of World War II about twenty years later.On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, on 23 July Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians, and the two moved to a war footing.
A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe. By 1914, the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions: the Triple Entente—consisting of France, Russia and Britain—and the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy (the Triple Alliance was primarily defensive in nature, allowing Italy to stay out of the war in 1914). Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia, on 25 July issuing orders for the 'period preparatory to war', and after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28th, partial mobilisation was approved of the military districts nearest to Austria. General Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July; on the 31st, Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same, while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within 12 hours. When Russia failed to comply, Germany declared war on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary, with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6th; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August.German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within four weeks, then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan. On 2 August, Germany demanded free passage through Belgium, an essential element in achieving a quick victory over France. When this was refused, German forces entered Belgium early on the morning of 3 August and declared war with France the same day; the Belgian government invoked the 1839 Treaty of London and in compliance with its obligations under this, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on Austria-Hungary; on the 23rd, Japan sided with the Entente, seizing the opportunity to expand its sphere of influence by capturing German possessions in China and the Pacific. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-Hungary and Germany would become known as the Central Powers.
The German advance into France was halted at the Battle of the Marne and by the end of 1914, the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, marked by a long series of trench lines that changed little until 1917. The Eastern Front was marked by much greater exchanges of territory, but though Serbia was defeated in 1915, and Rom ...
Hugh Capet | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Hugh Capet
00:00:24 1 Descent and inheritance
00:01:25 2 Rise of the Robertians
00:03:20 3 French monarchy in the 10th century
00:04:41 4 France under Ottonian influence
00:06:37 5 Duke of the Franks
00:09:38 6 Archbishop of Reims
00:11:16 7 Failure of Lothair
00:13:17 8 Election
00:16:27 9 Charles of Lorraine
00:18:48 10 Reaction in the south
00:20:30 11 Dispute with the papacy
00:22:12 12 Extent of power
00:23:50 13 Legacy
00:25:03 14 Marriage and issue
00:25:36 15 Prophecy
00:26:32 16 Ancestry
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Hugh Capet (c. 939 – 24 October 996) was the King of the Franks from 987 to 996. He is the founder and first king from the House of Capet. He was elected as the successor of the last Carolingian king, Louis V. Hugh was a descendant in illegitimate descent of Charlemagne through his paternal grandmother.
World War I | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
World War I
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial developments and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923, in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries at the end of the conflict contributed to the start of World War II about twenty years later.On 28 June 1914, Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb Yugoslav nationalist, assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, leading to the July Crisis. In response, on 23 July Austria-Hungary issued an ultimatum to Serbia. Serbia's reply failed to satisfy the Austrians, and the two moved to a war footing.
A network of interlocking alliances enlarged the crisis from a bilateral issue in the Balkans to one involving most of Europe. By 1914, the great powers of Europe were divided into two coalitions: the Triple Entente—consisting of France, Russia and Britain—and the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy (the Triple Alliance was primarily defensive in nature, allowing Italy to stay out of the war in 1914). Russia felt it necessary to back Serbia, on 25 July issuing orders for the 'period preparatory to war', and after Austria-Hungary shelled the Serbian capital of Belgrade on the 28th, partial mobilisation was approved of the military districts nearest to Austria. General Russian mobilisation was announced on the evening of 30 July; on the 31st, Austria-Hungary and Germany did the same, while Germany demanded Russia demobilise within 12 hours. When Russia failed to comply, Germany declared war on 1 August in support of Austria-Hungary, with Austria-Hungary following suit on 6th; France ordered full mobilisation in support of Russia on 2 August.German strategy for a war on two fronts against France and Russia was to concentrate the bulk of its army in the West to defeat France within four weeks, then shift forces to the East before Russia could fully mobilise; this was later known as the Schlieffen Plan. On 2 August, Germany demanded free passage through Belgium, an essential element in achieving a quick victory over France. When this was refused, German forces entered Belgium early on the morning of 3 August and declared war with France the same day; the Belgian government invoked the 1839 Treaty of London and in compliance with its obligations under this, Britain declared war on Germany on 4 August. On 12 August, Britain and France also declared war on Austria-Hungary; on the 23rd, Japan sided with the Entente, seizing the opportunity to expand its sphere of influence by capturing German possessions in China and the Pacific. The war was fought in and drew upon each powers' colonial empires as well, spreading the conflict across the globe. The Entente and its allies would eventually become known as the Allied Powers, while the grouping of Austria-Hungary and Germany would become known as the Central Powers.
The German advance into France was halted at the Battle of the Marne and by the end of 1914, the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, marked by a long series of trench lines that changed little until 1917. The Eastern Front was marked by much greater exchanges of territory, but though Serbia was defeated in 1915, and Rom ...
First World War | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
First World War
00:06:48 1 Names
00:09:48 2 Background
00:09:57 2.1 Political and military alliances
00:12:25 2.2 Arms race
00:14:34 2.3 Conflicts in the Balkans
00:15:54 3 Prelude
00:16:03 3.1 Sarajevo assassination
00:18:08 3.2 Expansion of violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina
00:19:05 3.3 July Crisis
00:23:12 4 Progress of the war
00:23:21 4.1 Opening hostilities
00:23:30 4.1.1 Confusion among the Central Powers
00:24:17 4.1.2 Serbian campaign
00:24:59 4.1.3 German Offensive in Belgium and France
00:28:12 4.1.4 Asia and the Pacific
00:29:18 4.1.5 African campaigns
00:30:01 4.1.6 Indian support for the Allies
00:31:30 4.2 Western Front
00:31:39 4.2.1 Trench warfare begins
00:33:54 4.2.2 Continuation of trench warfare
00:37:33 4.3 Naval war
00:42:15 4.4 Southern theatres
00:42:24 4.4.1 War in the Balkans
00:46:00 4.4.2 Ottoman Empire
00:50:36 4.4.3 Italian participation
00:54:43 4.4.4 Romanian participation
00:57:39 4.5 Eastern Front
00:57:47 4.5.1 Initial actions
00:58:39 4.5.2 Russian Revolution
01:01:18 4.5.3 Czechoslovak Legion
01:02:43 4.6 Central Powers peace overtures
01:04:27 4.7 1917–1918
01:04:45 4.7.1 Developments in 1917
01:07:48 4.7.2 Ottoman Empire conflict, 1917–1918
01:10:53 4.7.3 15 August 1917: Peace offer by the Pope
01:11:55 4.7.4 Entry of the United States
01:15:30 4.7.5 German Spring Offensive of 1918
01:19:05 4.7.6 New states enter the war
01:20:23 4.8 Allied victory: summer 1918 onwards
01:20:34 4.8.1 Hundred Days Offensive
01:22:42 4.8.1.1 Battle of Albert
01:24:15 4.8.2 Allied advance to the Hindenburg Line
01:26:05 4.8.3 German Revolution 1918-1919
01:27:04 4.8.4 New German government surrenders
01:28:03 4.8.5 Armistices and capitulations
01:31:30 5 Aftermath
01:32:11 5.1 Formal end of the war
01:34:02 5.2 Peace treaties and national boundaries
01:38:33 5.3 National identities
01:41:52 5.4 Health effects
01:45:21 6 Technology
01:45:30 6.1 Ground warfare
01:50:58 6.1.1 Areas taken in major attacks
01:52:34 6.2 Naval
01:53:29 6.3 Aviation
01:55:35 7 War crimes
01:55:44 7.1 Baralong incidents
01:56:40 7.2 Torpedoing of HMHS iLlandovery Castle/i
01:57:27 7.3 Blockade of Germany
01:58:16 7.4 Chemical weapons in warfare
02:00:16 7.5 Genocide and ethnic cleansing
02:00:25 7.5.1 Ottoman Empire
02:02:04 7.5.2 Russian Empire
02:02:29 7.6 Rape of Belgium
02:03:54 8 Soldiers' experiences
02:04:30 8.1 Prisoners of war
02:08:11 8.2 Military attachés and war correspondents
02:08:37 9 Support for and opposition to the war
02:08:48 9.1 Support
02:12:19 9.2 Opposition
02:18:01 9.3 Conscription
02:18:27 9.3.1 Conscription in Canada
02:18:54 9.3.2 Conscription in Australia
02:19:25 9.3.3 Conscription in Britain
02:20:55 9.3.4 United States
02:22:56 9.3.5 Austria-Hungary
02:23:38 9.4 Diplomacy
02:24:29 10 Legacy and memory
02:24:53 10.1 Historiography
02:25:36 10.2 Memorials
02:27:16 10.3 Cultural memory
02:30:08 10.4 Social trauma
02:31:17 10.5 Discontent in Germany
02:33:15 10.6 Economic effects
02:39:28 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as the war to end all wars, it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. An estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a direct result of the war, and it also contributed to later genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic, which caused between 50 and 100 million deaths worldwide. Military losses were exacerbated by new technological and industrial developments and the tactical stalemate caused by gruelling trench warfare. It was one of the deadliest conflicts in history and precipitated major political changes, including the Revolutions of 1917–1923, in many of the nations involved. Unresolved rivalries ...