John Buchan, Governor General of Canada, broadcasts New Year's message and speaks...HD Stock Footage
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John Buchan, Governor General of Canada, broadcasts New Year's message and speaks about abdication of King Edward VIII.
John Buchan, 1st Baron Tweedsmuir, British Governor General of Canada, broadcasts New Year's message to citizens of Canada. He speaks about the death of King George V, of England, and of his successor, King Edward VIIII, who of his own will resigned from his high office. He gives New year wishes and talks about his travels and what he has seen that has made him optimistic about Canada and its future. Location: Canada. Date: January 1937.
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John Buchan At Ploughing Match
Lord Tweedsmuir, the Governor General of Canada takes part in the International Ploughing Match at Minesing, Ontario. The winner is Marshal Harman of Ontario.
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reading: John Buchan -- Fullcircle
Story circa 1920.
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SCOTLAND - WikiVidi Documentary
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country is made up of more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides. The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. In 1801, Great Britain ...
____________________________________
Shortcuts to chapters:
00:02:55: Etymology
00:03:33: Early history
00:06:40: Roman influence
____________________________________
Copyright WikiVidi.
Licensed under Creative Commons.
Wikipedia link:
4 Abbeys Cycle in the Scottish Borders
4 Abbeys Cycle in the Scottish Borders
The Scots' Dike, Scotland's Forgotten Historic Monument
The Scots' Dike or dyke is a three and a half mile / 5.25 km long linear earthwork, constructed by the English and the Scots in the year 1552 to mark the division of the Debatable lands and thereby settle the exact boundary between the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England.
Dieppe Raid
The Dieppe Raid, also known as the Battle of Dieppe, Operation Rutter and, later, Operation Jubilee, was a Second World War Allied attack on the German-occupied port of Dieppe. The raid took place on the northern coast of France on 19 August 1942. The assault began at 5:00 a.m. and by 10:50 a.m. the Allied commanders were forced to call a retreat. Over 6,000 infantrymen, predominantly Canadian, were supported by a Canadian Armoured regiment and a strong force of Royal Navy and smaller Royal Air Force landing contingents. It involved 5,000 Canadians, 1,000 British troops, and 50 United States Army Rangers.
Objectives included seizing and holding a major port for a short period, both to prove that it was possible and to gather intelligence. Upon retreat, the Allies also wanted to destroy coastal defences, port structures and all strategic buildings. The raid had the added objectives of boosting morale and demonstrating the firm commitment of the United Kingdom to open a western front in Europe.
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Article text available under CC-BY-SA
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Isabella MacDuff Tribute
I sing as a way to sound-travel into the past when I am moved by a story. While researching DNA and ancestral lands, I came across the story of Isabella MacDuff and wanted to do her honor. She was a courageous woman who lived during the turbulent years of the 14th century and did what she knew was best for her family and her country against all odds - she crowned the Bruce a Scottish King. Please see her history and full story at:
The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Orczy (The Scarlet Pimpernel #1)
The classic story of Sir Percy Blakeney and his alter ego, the Scarlet Pimpernel. A great adventure, set during the French Revolution.
Chapter 1. Paris: September, 1792 - 00:00
Chapter 2. Dover: The Fisherman's Rest - 15:27
Chapter 3. The Refugees - 33:22
Chapter 4. The League of the Scarlet Pimpernel - 47:14
Chapter 5. Marguerite - 1:02:00
Chapter 6. An Exquisite of '92 - 1:12:22
Chapter 7. The Secret Orchard - 1:30:43
Chapter 8. The Accredited Agent - 1:42:25
Chapter 9. The Outrage - 2:03:44
Chapter 10. In the Opera Box - 2:15:16
Chapter 11. Lord Grenville's Ball - 2:42:02
Chapter 12. The Scrap of Paper - 2:53:11
Chapter 13. Either - - Or? - 3:08:11
Chapter 14. One O'Clock Precisely - 3:12:34
Chapter 15. Doubt - 3:27:20
Chapter 16. Richmond - 3:37:06
Chapter 17. Farewell - 4:04:07
Chapter 18. The Mysterious Device - 4:16:39
Chapter 19. The Scarlet Pimpernel - 4:24:41
Chapter 20. The Friend - 4:41:14
Chapter 21. Suspense - 4:53:02
Chapter 22. Calais - 5:07:10
Chapter 23. Hope - 5:24:20
Chapter 24. The Death-Trap - 5:36:23
Chapter 25. The Eagle and the Fox - 5:48:38
Chapter 26. The Jew - 6:03:27
Chapter 27. On the Track - 6:18:48
Chapter 28. The Pere Blanchard's Hut - 6:32:05
Chapter 29. Trapped - 6:48:35
Chapter 30. The Schooner - 6:57:12
Chapter 31. The Escape - 7:18:34
Read by Karen Savage (
Scotland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scotland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Scotland (Scots: Scotland, Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə] (listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country has more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. In 1801, Great Britain itself entered into a political union with the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland. The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. The continued existence of legal, educational, religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England.In 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. The head of the Scottish Government is the First Minister of Scotland, who is supported by the Deputy First Minister of Scotland. Scotland is represented in the United Kingdom Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs. Scotland is also a member of the British–Irish Council, and sends five members of the Scottish Parliament to the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly.Scotland is divided into 32 subdivisions, known as local authorities, or councils. Glasgow City is the largest subdivision in Scotland in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scottish Government to each subdivision.
Scotland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scotland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Scotland (Scots: Scotland, Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country has more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. In 1801, Great Britain itself entered into a political union with the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland. The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. The continued existence of legal, educational, religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England.In 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. The head of the Scottish Government is the First Minister of Scotland, who is supported by the Deputy First Minister of Scotland. Scotland is represented in the United Kingdom Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs. Scotland is also a member of the British–Irish Council, and sends five members of the Scottish Parliament to the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly.Scotland is divided into 32 subdivisions, known as local authorities, or councils. Glasgow City is the largest subdivision in Scotland in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scottish Government to each subdivision.
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services OSS
Simple Sabotage Field Manual - FULL Audio Book - by United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS)
-Formed during World War II, the United States Office of Strategic Services (OSS), was organized for special operations and intelligence gathering and analysis. Included in its mission was the implementation of, and training of foreign forces in, propaganda, espionage, subversion, and sabotage. After the war, OSS functions were transferred to the newly formed Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
This Simple Sabotage Field Manual was used by OSS agents in training citizen-saboteurs in methods for inciting and executing simple sabotage to thwart industry and other vital functions in Axis-occupied areas.
Sections:
01 -- Section 01 -- 00:00:00
02 -- Section 02 -- 00:15:47
Total running time: 0:58:43
This is a Librivox recording. All Librivox recordings are in the public domain.
Read by James Christopher
In addition to the reader, this audio book was produced by:
Dedicated Proof-Listener: TriciaG
Rothschild Mo & IKE Eisenhower Deitrich Nixon Schindler Caine Tring TYROL Boston T Mafia Massacres
This video was blocked in many countries before it was uploaded. It reveals the pan continental profiteering human diasporas of world leading bloodlines THE MAFIAS & GOVTS before & in the middle of WW2. The video reveals the fascist run WW1 & WW2 & Dwight Eisenhower's (deathly White) bloodline to Deitrich, Schindler, Kissinger & Nixon. The war migrants continued to be registered in ELLIS ISLAND right into 1943 . The AZURE blue Rule Britannia joke is the BREXIT Betteroff together crimes that means I refused to accept another writ sent to my home by Mrs Patricia Thom the Canadian former Scottish Borders Council lawyer who has refused to accept my refusal to accept the crimes of the corrupted Law sector in this region 7 the legitimacy of HRH's constitutional monarchy & its Crown Prosecution service. Huffington leads the globalism project and her spiders WEB ICON is now ever so difficult to find. The 30 yrs christian vs christian joke is the same as these are not Scottish mountains joke in the TYROL where thousands of Scots died in WW1. The last valley links to the ROTHSCHILDS of Tring are revealed: that is TRINS in Bavarian Austria the joke about where my wedding was hosted. Michael Caine is the lead actor in the last valley movie and my old boss David Jones plays bridge with OMAR SHARIFF who plays the peace loving hero in LAST VALLEY in TYROL where peace means you can feed and shield the inner circle ROTHSCHILD Master race people from the Genocides. So the TYROL killings of the Scottish Kilties and the 2 RHONEies jokes at the CONSCRIPTED war dead. Dietrich's movies are love stories in BROTHELS....the Professors are the Grimm Bros of the Arrian Master race stories & they are in the Gottinghen 7 (Gottinghen means NO GOD). Cambridge Oxford, Gottinghen & Hiedelburg are all immune from bombing like the Royal Pallaces and christian Fake Cathedrals through all wars. The Rothschilds thrive on ANTI-semitism and that is the Mo Moses and IKE Christian jokes that lead to Edward the VII breaking his leg in WADDESDON as they plan the wars and the RAPE of Queen Victoria to create the BASTARD monarchs who still reign and had me sectioned when I wrote to them just under a year ago. My WIFE prompted for that as she had done in 2011. All of them have already stolen every central bank in the world & own every paper & televisual news vent. The Global spiders web go back to Robert 1st the Bruce of Scotland. I explain the rainstorms that hit the courts and the Dog/God on the lead show. The Golden retrievers are raised by the warmongering 39 steps to WW2 TWEEDSMUIRS of Peebles where they were the BUCHAN family became the GGs Governor Generals in Beaverbrooks Canada all through WW2. Martin Miller played Hitler and dropped down dead on the LAST VALLEY set cos he left Germany to work in the backroom in Germany in Mar 1939...the 39th step for Buchan. GODs' timing is perfect. Miller played Hitler in BBC' s output see Greg Hallett's pages on my website about the actors for Churchill et al making the speeches that kill 80M then 45M war dead most civilians in the MASSIVE Land Grabs AKA the Global bombing zones. This is the last Valley Joke for the Rothschilds of TRINS
The Schindlers post war CONTRACTS truth are covered in this movie by all the double agents & bearocracy in WW2 and the lead carry grant role takes us into KENT Washington where howard Hughes was alleged to be a profiteer
The geneological links that lead to Eisenhowers sickly life are explained.. The Mo & IKE Jew vs Christian jokes killed Eva Cassidy young and IKe's son's IKE died aged 3. The Rothschilds thrive on the Mo versus IKE tension and that is why the TRAINS for the troops & the death Camps were used at the Presidential funerals. Everything the PYTHONS from Cambridge & Oxford laugh at is lethal warmongerig or false religion. That is Monte Casino in WW2, the hand grenade of ANTIOCH that are the Pauline missions. The illegit monarchs are now dating Ellie Goulding since I revealed the Pr Harry naked covers for the Prince Eddy Jack the ripper murders All of the Mo/IKE division leads to massacres and the Gt Portland St synagogue was the marriage scene in Morton's book Pub by Curtis in 1961. Next we see how the MAFIAS are run by the same families in BOSTON where the revolution started with the T party. T is the Christian Cross. I reveal the Rothschild ownership of Lang Hancocks' GINA RINEHEART RIO-TINTO which they have owned since the 1880s. I watched the UNTOUCHABLES movie COSA NOSTRA joke about the Jewish MO Mafias. AbbaDabba is the Godfather & ABBA is the father God in the PISO Bible fraud. The NO NOTTINGS & ABEL DANGER treason is revealed. See comments for Uncensored version & URLPhotos.
Sea | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sea
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The sea, the world ocean or simply the ocean is the connected body of salty water that covers over 70 percent of the Earth's surface. It moderates the Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It has been travelled and explored since ancient times, while the scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly from the voyages of Captain James Cook to explore the Pacific Ocean between 1768 and 1779. The word sea is also used to denote smaller, partly landlocked sections of the ocean.
The most abundant solid dissolved in sea water is sodium chloride. The water also contains salts of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, amongst many other elements, some in minute concentrations. Salinity varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however the relative proportions of dissolved salts varies little across the oceans. Winds blowing over the surface of the sea produce waves, which break when they enter shallow water. Winds also create surface currents through friction, setting up slow but stable circulations of water throughout the oceans. The directions of the circulation are governed by factors including the shapes of the continents and the rotation of the earth (the Coriolis effect). Deep-sea currents, known as the global conveyor belt, carry cold water from near the poles to every ocean. Tides, the generally twice-daily rise and fall of sea levels, are caused by the rotation of the Earth and the gravitational effects of the orbiting Moon, and to a lesser extent of the Sun. Tides may have a very high range in bays or estuaries. Submarine earthquakes arising from tectonic plate movements under the oceans can lead to destructive tsunamis, as can volcanoes, huge landslides or the impact of large meteorites.
A wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, protists, algae, plants, fungi and animals, live in the sea, which offers a wide range of marine habitats and ecosystems, ranging vertically from the sunlit surface waters and the shoreline to the enormous depths and pressures of the cold, dark abyssal zone, and in latitude from the cold waters under the Arctic ice to the colourful diversity of coral reefs in tropical regions. Many of the major groups of organisms evolved in the sea and life may have started there.
The sea provides substantial supplies of food for humans, mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals and seaweed, whether caught by fishermen or farmed underwater. Other human uses of the sea include trade, travel, mineral extraction, power generation, warfare, and leisure activities such as swimming, sailing and scuba diving. Many of these activities create marine pollution. The sea is important in human culture, with major appearances in literature at least since Homer's Odyssey, in marine art, in cinema, in theatre and in classical music. Symbolically, the sea appears as monsters such as Scylla in mythology and represents the unconscious mind in dream interpretation.
Scotland | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Scotland
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Scotland (Scots: Scotland, Scottish Gaelic: Alba [ˈal̪ˠapə] (listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It shares a border with England to the south, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, with the North Sea to the east and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the south-west. In addition to the mainland, the country has more than 790 islands, including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707. By inheritance in 1603, James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland, thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms. Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with the Kingdom of England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain. The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain, which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England. In 1801, Great Britain itself entered into a political union with the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Within Scotland, the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles, titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland. The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law. The continued existence of legal, educational, religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England.In 1997, a Scottish Parliament was re-established, in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members, having authority over many areas of domestic policy. The head of the Scottish Government is the First Minister of Scotland, who is supported by the Deputy First Minister of Scotland. Scotland is represented in the United Kingdom Parliament by 59 MPs and in the European Parliament by 6 MEPs. Scotland is also a member of the British–Irish Council, and sends five members of the Scottish Parliament to the British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly.Scotland is divided into 32 subdivisions, known as local authorities, or councils. Glasgow City is the largest subdivision in Scotland in terms of population, with Highland being the largest in terms of area. Limited self-governing power, covering matters such as education, social services and roads and transportation, is devolved from the Scottish Government to each subdivision.
Sea | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sea
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The sea, the world ocean or simply the ocean is the connected body of salty water that covers over 70 percent of the Earth's surface. It moderates the Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It has been travelled and explored since ancient times, while the scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly from the voyages of Captain James Cook to explore the Pacific Ocean between 1768 and 1779. The word sea is also used to denote smaller, partly landlocked sections of the ocean.
The most abundant solid dissolved in sea water is sodium chloride. The water also contains salts of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, amongst many other elements, some in minute concentrations. Salinity varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however the relative proportions of dissolved salts varies little across the oceans. Winds blowing over the surface of the sea produce waves, which break when they enter shallow water. Winds also create surface currents through friction, setting up slow but stable circulations of water throughout the oceans. The directions of the circulation are governed by factors including the shapes of the continents and the rotation of the earth (the Coriolis effect). Deep-sea currents, known as the global conveyor belt, carry cold water from near the poles to every ocean. Tides, the generally twice-daily rise and fall of sea levels, are caused by the rotation of the Earth and the gravitational effects of the orbiting Moon, and to a lesser extent of the Sun. Tides may have a very high range in bays or estuaries. Submarine earthquakes arising from tectonic plate movements under the oceans can lead to destructive tsunamis, as can volcanoes, huge landslides or the impact of large meteorites.
A wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, protists, algae, plants, fungi and animals, live in the sea, which offers a wide range of marine habitats and ecosystems, ranging vertically from the sunlit surface waters and the shoreline to the enormous depths and pressures of the cold, dark abyssal zone, and in latitude from the cold waters under the Arctic ice to the colourful diversity of coral reefs in tropical regions. Many of the major groups of organisms evolved in the sea and life may have started there.
The sea provides substantial supplies of food for humans, mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals and seaweed, whether caught by fishermen or farmed underwater. Other human uses of the sea include trade, travel, mineral extraction, power generation, warfare, and leisure activities such as swimming, sailing and scuba diving. Many of these activities create marine pollution. The sea is important in human culture, with major appearances in literature at least since Homer's Odyssey, in marine art, in cinema, in theatre and in classical music. Symbolically, the sea appears as monsters such as Scylla in mythology and represents the unconscious mind in dream interpretation.
Sea | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sea
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The sea, the world ocean or simply the ocean is the connected body of salty water that covers over 70 percent of the Earth's surface. It moderates the Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. It has been travelled and explored since ancient times, while the scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly from the voyages of Captain James Cook to explore the Pacific Ocean between 1768 and 1779. The word sea is also used to denote smaller, partly landlocked sections of the ocean.
The most abundant solid dissolved in sea water is sodium chloride. The water also contains salts of magnesium, calcium, and potassium, amongst many other elements, some in minute concentrations. Salinity varies widely, being lower near the surface and the mouths of large rivers and higher in the depths of the ocean; however the relative proportions of dissolved salts varies little across the oceans. Winds blowing over the surface of the sea produce waves, which break when they enter shallow water. Winds also create surface currents through friction, setting up slow but stable circulations of water throughout the oceans. The directions of the circulation are governed by factors including the shapes of the continents and the rotation of the earth (the Coriolis effect). Deep-sea currents, known as the global conveyor belt, carry cold water from near the poles to every ocean. Tides, the generally twice-daily rise and fall of sea levels, are caused by the rotation of the Earth and the gravitational effects of the orbiting Moon, and to a lesser extent of the Sun. Tides may have a very high range in bays or estuaries. Submarine earthquakes arising from tectonic plate movements under the oceans can lead to destructive tsunamis, as can volcanoes, huge landslides or the impact of large meteorites.
A wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, protists, algae, plants, fungi and animals, live in the sea, which offers a wide range of marine habitats and ecosystems, ranging vertically from the sunlit surface waters and the shoreline to the enormous depths and pressures of the cold, dark abyssal zone, and in latitude from the cold waters under the Arctic ice to the colourful diversity of coral reefs in tropical regions. Many of the major groups of organisms evolved in the sea and life may have started there.
The sea provides substantial supplies of food for humans, mainly fish, but also shellfish, mammals and seaweed, whether caught by fishermen or farmed underwater. Other human uses of the sea include trade, travel, mineral extraction, power generation, warfare, and leisure activities such as swimming, sailing and scuba diving. Many of these activities create marine pollution. The sea is important in human culture, with major appearances in literature at least since Homer's Odyssey, in marine art, in cinema, in theatre and in classical music. Symbolically, the sea appears as monsters such as Scylla in mythology and represents the unconscious mind in dream interpretation.