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Western Sahara is a disputed territory in the Maghreb region of North Africa, partially controlled by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic and partially Moroccan-occupied, bordered by Morocco proper to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to 266,000 square kilometres . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population is estimated at just over 500,000, of which nearly 40% live in Laayoune, the largest city in Western Sahara. Occupied by Spain until the late 20th century, Western Sahara has been on the United Nations list of non-self-governing territories since 1963 after a Moroccan demand. It is the most populous territory on that list, and by far the largest in area. In 1965, the UN General Assembly adopted its first resolution on Western Sahara, asking Spain to decolonize the territory. One year later, a new resolution was passed by the General Assembly requesting that a referendum be held by Spain on self-determination. In 1975, Spain relinquished the administrative control of the territory to a joint administration by Morocco and Mauritania. A war erupted between those countries and a Sahrawi nationalist movement, the Polisario Front, which proclaimed the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic with a government in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. Mauritania withdrew its claims in 1979, and Morocco eventually secured de facto control of most of the territory, including all the major cities and natural resources. The United Nations considers the Polisario Front to be the legitimate representative of the Sahrawi people, and maintains that the Sahrawis have a right to self-determination.Since a United Nations-sponsored ceasefire agreement in 1991, two thirds of the territory has been administered by the Moroccan government, with tacit support from France and the United States, and the remainder by the SADR, backed by Algeria. Internationally, countries such as Russia have taken a generally ambiguous and neutral position on each side's claims, and have pressed both parties to agree on a peaceful resolution. Both Morocco and Polisario have sought to boost their claims by accumulating formal recognition, essentially from African, Asian, and Latin American states in the developing world. The Polisario Front has won formal recognition for SADR from 37 states, and was extended membership in the African Union. Morocco has won support for its position from several African governments and from most of the Muslim world and Arab League. In both instances, recognitions have, over the past two decades, been extended and withdrawn according to changing international trends.As of 2017, no other member state of the United Nations has ever officially recognized Moroccan sovereignty over parts of Western Sahara. However, a number of countries have expressed their support for a future recognition of the Moroccan annexation of the territory as an autonomous part of the Kingdom. Overall, the annexation has not garnered as much attention in the international community as many other disputed annexations .
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Initiative to support rosemary production ends

(29 Mar 2019) LEADIN:
An initiative to promote wild rosemary production in Morocco has drawn to a close.
But for some, the health and economic benefits of wild Moroccan herbs are set to continue.
STORYLINE:
Mountains in Morocco, speckled with little green tufts.
These are the rosemary bushes of the Oriental region of Morocco.
This mountainous region produces more than 60 per cent of the national production of rosemary.
The herb provides economic resource for the local population.
The region is the largest producer of rosemary in the country.
A project by the office of the High Commissioner for Water and Forests and the fight against Desertification in collaboration with the United Nations Organization for the Industrial Development and a Swiss initiative in Morocco was set up in January 2016 to support the economic development of rosemary in the Oriental region.
This project, which rolled to a close this month, achieved the improvement of the quality of the rosemary sold at local level by cooperatives, the diversification of the derived products as well as the implementation of measures to guarantee the regeneration and the sustainability of the natural resource.
Ouchkif Jamal Eddine worked on the project as part of the Office for the High Commissioner of Water and Forests.
He says the aims of the project are two-fold: first of all, to preserve this resource for the existing generations and also for future generations but also to value and create wealth from the valuation of this forest resource for the benefit of local residents and users.
A workshop, organised for the closing of the rosemary project, is attended by a Swiss representative, and the products are on display for all to see.
Baba Driss works alongside Eddine at the office of the High Commissioner and says the initiative also aims to establish a sustainable management of rosemary in a region that faces climate change and desertification problems.
Lahcen Afidi is a herbalist in the coastal city of Temara, near Rabat.
His shop sells rosemary, as well as thyme, lavender and chamomile.
Afidi believes in the benefits of wild herbs.
In terms of agriculture, these plants need rain, and chemical fertilisers should not be used because they can eliminate all the benefits of these plants, he says.
Morocco exports these herbs, but they are also sold nationally.
According to the High Commissioner of Water and Forests, of the 4200 plant species in Morocco, 800 are endemic, of which 400 are recognised for their medicinal and aromatic use.
In Morocco, there are more than 200 aromatic and medicinal plants, explains Afidi, who uses them in natural oils, shampoo or even for the treatment of scalp issues.
These products are made in a natural way, he says.
According to the office of the High Commissioner of Water and Forests, aromatic and medicinal plants exports generate nearly 620 million dirhams (approx. 64.28 US dollars), principally to France and the US.

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Capitol Report: Licensing Teachers, Student Diversity, Sunday Liquor Sales

This may be the year Minnesota’s prohibition on selling liquor on Sundays is lifted. Legislation to repeal the ban is moving easily through the House, and Governor Dayton has said that he won’t veto a bill that lands on his desk. The question remains as to whether the Senate can pass the bill, and Senator David Osmek, R-Mound, talks about the chances his bill will pass the Senate.

Throughout the summer, a bipartisan group of legislators met to devise a plan to address problems with teacher licensure. In March, 2016, the Office of the Legislative Auditor released a report calling the teacher licensure laws “complex, unclear, and confusing”. As a longtime educator and school administrator, Senator Greg Clausen, DFL-Apple Valley, discusses his views on governance, tiered licenses and licensure-by-portfolio.

Finally, Minnesota's classrooms are diversifying, and Education Policy Chair Eric Pratt, R-Prior Lake, talked with Shannon last fall about some of the ways Minnesota can respond to the changing classroom.