Niger: The Land Of Fear with David Adams (Trade Route History Documentary) | Timeline
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The Sahara is the biggest desert on earth. It takes its name from the Arab word for emptiness. In the dead heart of that emptiness there's a place called the Tenere. The Tenere takes its name from the Tuareg word for nothing. A nothing the size of France in the middle of an emptiness the size of the United States. It's no wonder the locals call this place The Land Of Fear”. David Adams retraces the trade routes of the people who call this stove-hot corner of the planet home.
Content licensed from David Adams Films. Any queries, please contact us at: realstories@littledotstudios.com
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Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
00:02:22 1 History
00:02:31 1.1 Prehistory
00:03:28 1.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger
00:04:17 1.2.1 Songhai Empire (600–1591)
00:05:22 1.2.2 Hausa kingdoms (mid-14th century – 1808)
00:06:25 1.2.3 Mali Empire
00:06:49 1.2.4 Kanem-Bornu Empire
00:07:15 1.3 French Niger (1900–58)
00:09:40 1.4 Independence (1958)
00:10:43 1.4.1 First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic 1974–1991
00:13:24 1.4.2 National Conference and Third Republic 1991–1997
00:15:49 1.4.3 Second military regime, Fourth Republic, third military regime 1997–1999
00:18:05 1.4.4 Fifth republic 1999–2009
00:20:12 1.4.5 Sixth republic and fourth military regime 2009–2010
00:21:55 1.4.6 Seventh republic 2010–present
00:22:15 2 Geography, climate, and ecology
00:24:15 2.1 Climate
00:24:42 2.2 Environment
00:26:27 3 Governance and politics
00:29:12 3.1 Foreign relations
00:30:25 3.2 Government finance
00:31:52 3.2.1 Foreign aid
00:32:54 3.3 Judicial system
00:34:03 3.4 Law enforcement
00:34:35 3.5 Military
00:35:48 3.6 Administrative divisions
00:37:21 3.7 Largest cities and towns
00:37:31 4 Economy
00:39:27 4.1 Economic sectors
00:39:36 4.1.1 Agriculture
00:44:31 4.1.2 Drought and food crisis
00:45:09 4.1.3 Mining
00:48:17 4.1.4 Oil
00:49:52 4.2 Growth rates
00:51:12 4.3 Economic reforms
00:53:09 4.4 Infrastructure
00:53:18 4.4.1 Transportation infrastructure
00:55:42 5 Society
00:55:51 5.1 Demographics
00:56:46 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:57:25 5.3 Languages
00:58:10 5.4 Largest cities
00:58:19 5.5 Religion
01:00:25 5.5.1 Islam
01:02:13 5.6 Education
01:03:13 5.7 Health
01:04:07 6 Culture
01:05:57 6.1 Festivals and cultural events
01:06:06 6.1.1 Guérewol festival
01:06:48 6.1.2 Cure Salée festival
01:07:18 6.2 Media
01:09:36 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or (listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population could not read, one of the highest illiteracy rates i ...
Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:22 1 History
00:02:31 1.1 Prehistory
00:03:28 1.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger
00:04:18 1.2.1 Songhai Empire (600–1591)
00:05:22 1.2.2 Hausa kingdoms (mid-14th century – 1808)
00:06:25 1.2.3 Mali Empire
00:06:50 1.2.4 Kanem-Bornu Empire
00:07:15 1.3 French Niger (1900–58)
00:09:40 1.4 Independence (1958)
00:10:43 1.4.1 First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic 1974–1991
00:13:24 1.4.2 National Conference and Third Republic 1991–1997
00:15:49 1.4.3 Second military regime, Fourth Republic, third military regime 1997–1999
00:18:05 1.4.4 Fifth republic 1999–2009
00:20:12 1.4.5 Sixth republic and fourth military regime 2009–2010
00:21:55 1.4.6 Seventh republic 2010–present
00:22:15 2 Geography, climate, and ecology
00:24:16 2.1 Climate
00:24:42 2.2 Environment
00:26:27 3 Governance and politics
00:29:12 3.1 Foreign relations
00:30:25 3.2 Government finance
00:31:52 3.2.1 Foreign aid
00:32:54 3.3 Judicial system
00:34:03 3.4 Law enforcement
00:34:35 3.5 Military
00:35:48 3.6 Administrative divisions
00:37:21 3.7 Largest cities and towns
00:37:31 4 Economy
00:39:26 5 Society
00:39:35 5.1 Demographics
00:40:30 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:41:09 5.3 Languages
00:41:54 5.4 Largest cities
00:42:03 5.5 Religion
00:44:09 5.5.1 Islam
00:45:57 5.6 Education
00:46:57 5.7 Health
00:47:51 6 Culture
00:49:41 6.1 Festivals and cultural events
00:49:50 6.1.1 Guérewol festival
00:50:32 6.1.2 Cure Salée festival
00:51:01 6.2 Media
00:53:20 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or (listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger's southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger's population could not read, one of the highest illiteracy rates in the world.
Niger vs Ouganda 2018 part 1
Le début du match !
Fulani Girls of Niger Singing
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Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or ( listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million mostly clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population cannot read, one of the lowest literacy rates in the world.
Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or ( listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million mostly clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population cannot read, one of the lowest literacy rates in the world.
Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
00:02:21 1 History
00:02:30 1.1 Prehistory
00:03:27 1.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger
00:04:16 1.2.1 Songhai Empire (600–1591)
00:05:21 1.2.2 Hausa kingdoms (mid-14th century – 1808)
00:06:24 1.2.3 Mali Empire
00:06:48 1.2.4 Kanem-Bornu Empire
00:07:14 1.3 French Niger (1900–58)
00:09:39 1.4 Independence (1958)
00:10:41 1.4.1 First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic 1974–1991
00:13:22 1.4.2 National Conference and Third Republic 1991–1997
00:15:47 1.4.3 Second military regime, Fourth Republic, third military regime 1997–1999
00:18:03 1.4.4 Fifth republic 1999–2009
00:20:09 1.4.5 Sixth republic and fourth military regime 2009–2010
00:21:52 1.4.6 Seventh republic 2010–present
00:22:13 2 Geography, climate, and ecology
00:24:13 2.1 Climate
00:24:39 2.2 Environment
00:26:23 3 Governance and politics
00:29:08 3.1 Foreign relations
00:30:21 3.2 Government finance
00:31:47 3.2.1 Foreign aid
00:32:49 3.3 Judicial system
00:33:58 3.4 Law enforcement
00:34:30 3.5 Military
00:35:43 3.6 Administrative divisions
00:37:16 3.7 Largest cities and towns
00:37:25 4 Economy
00:39:21 4.1 Economic sectors
00:39:30 4.1.1 Agriculture
00:44:25 4.1.2 Drought and food crisis
00:45:03 4.1.3 Mining
00:48:10 4.1.4 Oil
00:49:45 4.2 Growth rates
00:51:05 4.3 Economic reforms
00:53:02 4.4 Infrastructure
00:53:11 4.4.1 Transportation infrastructure
00:55:35 5 Society
00:55:43 5.1 Demographics
00:56:38 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:57:17 5.3 Languages
00:58:01 5.4 Largest cities
00:58:10 5.5 Religion
01:00:16 5.5.1 Islam
01:02:03 5.6 Education
01:03:03 5.7 Health
01:03:57 6 Culture
01:05:46 6.1 Festivals and cultural events
01:05:55 6.1.1 Guérewol festival
01:06:37 6.1.2 Cure Salée festival
01:07:06 6.2 Media
01:09:24 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or (listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population could not read, one of the highest illiteracy rates i ...
Paris Smith & Kenneth Hill Quartets - The Last One (Paris Smith - Kenneth Hill Quartets [1979])
Reissue LP/CD available first quarter 2016 © Jazzaggression/Oracle Records
Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
00:02:21 1 History
00:02:30 1.1 Prehistory
00:03:27 1.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger
00:04:16 1.2.1 Songhai Empire (600–1591)
00:05:21 1.2.2 Hausa kingdoms (mid-14th century – 1808)
00:06:24 1.2.3 Mali Empire
00:06:48 1.2.4 Kanem-Bornu Empire
00:07:14 1.3 French Niger (1900–58)
00:09:39 1.4 Independence (1958)
00:10:41 1.4.1 First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic 1974–1991
00:13:22 1.4.2 National Conference and Third Republic 1991–1997
00:15:47 1.4.3 Second military regime, Fourth Republic, third military regime 1997–1999
00:18:03 1.4.4 Fifth republic 1999–2009
00:20:09 1.4.5 Sixth republic and fourth military regime 2009–2010
00:21:52 1.4.6 Seventh republic 2010–present
00:22:13 2 Geography, climate, and ecology
00:24:13 2.1 Climate
00:24:39 2.2 Environment
00:26:23 3 Governance and politics
00:29:08 3.1 Foreign relations
00:30:21 3.2 Government finance
00:31:47 3.2.1 Foreign aid
00:32:49 3.3 Judicial system
00:33:58 3.4 Law enforcement
00:34:30 3.5 Military
00:35:43 3.6 Administrative divisions
00:37:16 3.7 Largest cities and towns
00:37:25 4 Economy
00:39:21 4.1 Economic sectors
00:39:30 4.1.1 Agriculture
00:44:25 4.1.2 Drought and food crisis
00:45:03 4.1.3 Mining
00:48:10 4.1.4 Oil
00:49:45 4.2 Growth rates
00:51:05 4.3 Economic reforms
00:53:02 4.4 Infrastructure
00:53:11 4.4.1 Transportation infrastructure
00:55:34 5 Society
00:55:43 5.1 Demographics
00:56:38 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:57:17 5.3 Languages
00:58:01 5.4 Largest cities
00:58:10 5.5 Religion
01:00:16 5.5.1 Islam
01:02:03 5.6 Education
01:03:03 5.7 Health
01:03:57 6 Culture
01:05:46 6.1 Festivals and cultural events
01:05:55 6.1.1 Guérewol festival
01:06:37 6.1.2 Cure Salée festival
01:07:06 6.2 Media
01:09:24 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or (listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population cannot read, one of the lowest literacy rates in the ...
Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or (listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population cannot read, one of the lowest literacy rates in the world.
Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
00:02:21 1 History
00:02:30 1.1 Prehistory
00:03:27 1.2 Empires and kingdoms in pre-colonial Niger
00:04:16 1.2.1 Songhai Empire (600–1591)
00:05:21 1.2.2 Hausa kingdoms (mid-14th century – 1808)
00:06:24 1.2.3 Mali Empire
00:06:48 1.2.4 Kanem-Bornu Empire
00:07:14 1.3 French Niger (1900–58)
00:09:39 1.4 Independence (1958)
00:10:41 1.4.1 First military regime: The Supreme Military Council and Second Republic 1974–1991
00:13:22 1.4.2 National Conference and Third Republic 1991–1997
00:15:47 1.4.3 Second military regime, Fourth Republic, third military regime 1997–1999
00:18:03 1.4.4 Fifth republic 1999–2009
00:20:09 1.4.5 Sixth republic and fourth military regime 2009–2010
00:21:52 1.4.6 Seventh republic 2010–present
00:22:13 2 Geography, climate, and ecology
00:24:13 2.1 Climate
00:24:39 2.2 Environment
00:26:23 3 Governance and politics
00:29:08 3.1 Foreign relations
00:30:21 3.2 Government finance
00:31:47 3.2.1 Foreign aid
00:32:49 3.3 Judicial system
00:33:58 3.4 Law enforcement
00:34:30 3.5 Military
00:35:43 3.6 Administrative divisions
00:37:16 3.7 Largest cities and towns
00:37:25 4 Economy
00:39:21 4.1 Economic sectors
00:39:30 4.1.1 Agriculture
00:44:25 4.1.2 Drought and food crisis
00:45:03 4.1.3 Mining
00:48:10 4.1.4 Oil
00:49:45 4.2 Growth rates
00:51:05 4.3 Economic reforms
00:53:02 4.4 Infrastructure
00:53:11 4.4.1 Transportation infrastructure
00:55:35 5 Society
00:55:43 5.1 Demographics
00:56:38 5.2 Ethnic groups
00:57:17 5.3 Languages
00:58:01 5.4 Largest cities
00:58:10 5.5 Religion
01:00:16 5.5.1 Islam
01:02:03 5.6 Education
01:03:03 5.7 Health
01:03:57 6 Culture
01:05:46 6.1 Festivals and cultural events
01:05:55 6.1.1 Guérewol festival
01:06:37 6.1.2 Cure Salée festival
01:07:06 6.2 Media
01:09:24 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or (listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million live mostly in clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population could not read, one of the highest illiteracy rates i ...
Niger | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Niger
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Niger or the Niger ( or ( listen); French: [niʒɛʁ]), officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in West Africa named after the Niger River. Niger is bordered by Libya to the northeast, Chad to the east, Nigeria to the south, Benin to the southwest, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, and Algeria to the northwest. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2 (490,000 sq mi), making it the largest country in West Africa. Over 80% of its land area lies in the Sahara Desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of about 21 million mostly clusters in the far south and west of the country. The capital city is Niamey, located in Niger’s southwest corner.
Niger is a developing country, which consistently ranks near the bottom in the United Nations' Human Development Index (HDI); it was ranked 187th of 188 countries for 2015 and 189th out of 189 countries in the 2018 report. Much of the non-desert portions of the country are threatened by periodic drought and desertification. The economy is concentrated around subsistence, with some export agriculture in the more fertile south, and export of raw materials, especially uranium ore. Niger faces serious challenges to development due to its landlocked position, desert terrain, inefficient agriculture, high fertility rates without birth control, and the resulting overpopulation, the poor educational level and the poverty of its people, the lack of infrastructure, the poor health care, and the environmental degradation.
Nigerien society reflects a diversity drawn from the long independent histories of its several ethnic groups and regions and their relatively short period living in a single state. Historically, what is now Niger has been on the fringes of several large states. Since independence, Nigeriens have lived under five constitutions and three periods of military rule. After the military coup in 2010, Niger became a democratic, multi-party state. A majority of the population lives in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education. As of 2015, 71.3% of Niger’s population cannot read, one of the lowest literacy rates in the world.
Libyan Immigrants Stuck Without Shelter
Immigrants Stuck in Libya Without Shelter - as part of the news series by GeoBeats.
Immigrants in Libya are being detained in camps because of lack of any proper documents, and after the tumultuous revolution and subsequent overthrow of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, noone seems to know how to handle this crisis. About one quarter of the Libyan population were immigrants, many of them illegal, but most fled after the revolution, leaving a shortage of people in the workforce.
Jeremy Haslam, of the International Organization for Migration said: The migrant population represented about a third of the work force in Libya. They have to balance this need to meet the needs of the private sector for economic recovery of the country.
Over 13 hundred immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa, Pakistan and Syria are being held in internment camps without sufficient shelter and in scorching weather.
Sebastian, a 36-year-old plumber from Benin who has been at the camp for over a month says: It's a nightmare. I have no idea what's going to happen to me -- if I'm going to die here or if they are going to let me go.
The United Nations has been notified of the situation, and Libyan officials are trying to improve the process for immigrants to get their necessary paperwork.
Dr. Peter David Beter Audio Letter 40 : Jonestown; Battle of Guyana; Nuclear War - November 30, 1978
Dr. Peter David Beter - Audio Letter 40 - November 30, 1978
Text:
MP3:
(1) The military purpose of the Jonestown tragedy
(2) The Battle of Guyana--Thanksgiving Day, 1978
(3) The opening scenes of Nuclear War I
Hello, my friends, this is Dr. Beter. Today is November 30,
1978, and this is my Audioletter No. 40.
On November 24, 1978, the day after Thanksgiving, the
Washington Post here in Washington, D.C. published a full-page
memorial to the late Congressman Leo J. Ryan of California. A
sketch of Ryan in tones of gray took up the entire page, and
against that background a brief eulogy was printed in bold type.
It began, In Memoriam, to our good friend Leo J. Ryan,
Congressman from California. We will miss him. He saw hope that
right would prevail. The timing of this memorial page was
ironic. Congressman Ryan had been killed in Guyana nearly one
week earlier, and his funeral had taken place two days earlier.
But Congressman Ryan had been deliberately sacrificed in order to
launch a covert military operation in Guyana; and as it turned
out, the Washington Post memorial to Ryan was printed immediately
after the successful completion of this military operation. In a
display of courage that is practically unknown today in the
United States Congress, Ryan had gone to Guyana knowing that it
might be dangerous. But what he did not know was that he had
been lured into making a trip whose tragic outcome was planned
well ahead of time. Congressman Ryan and those who died with him
at Port Kaituma Airport were casualties in the secret war that is
leading to NUCLEAR WAR ONE. And so were the hundreds of other
American civilians who died in the so-called 'mass suicide' at
Jonestown, Guyana.
For more than two years now the United States and Russia have
been embroiled in secret hostilities in preparation for Nuclear
War One. It began in earnest during the summer of 1976 when the
still secret Underwater Missile Crisis erupted. Then it expanded
into wholesale nuclear sabotage of the United States with weapons
now planted at literally thousands of locations nation-wide.
These range from mammoth hydrogen bombs ready to destroy our
largest dams and reservoirs down to tiny nuclear devices called
'micronukes' by the Russians. For some time now the Russians
have been detonating micronukes in a steady drum beat of
explosions all over America. In September 1977 the secret war
took a decisive new turn. In the still secret Battle of the
Harvest Moon in space, America's Secret Rulers lost their
supposed ace in the hole for the coming war. In a shocking
upset, Russia knocked out America's secret Moon beam-weapons Base
in Copernicus Crater, and since that time Russia has seized the
dominant position militarily in space.
In past Audioletters I have kept my listeners abreast of these
developments, and for the past year I have also been calling
attention to the drastic changes taking place in the leadership
of both Russia and the United States. In Russia, the original
ruling faction after 1917, the atheistic Bolsheviks, have been
overthrown after a progressive struggle for six decades. The
Kremlin is now under the absolute control of a tough band of
native Russians, a Christian sect who consider the Bolsheviks to
be evil incarnate. As a result, the Bolsheviks are being
expelled from Russia and they are flocking mostly to the United
States. They are joining the many Bolsheviks already in powerful
positions here in a sophisticated new Bolshevik revolution! In
the process, they are gradually pre-empting much of the power
that was once exercised by their Secret Allies, the third
generation Rockefeller brothers. As Bolshevik power becomes
greater and greater in the United States, the Satanic fruits of
that power are becoming increasingly visible.
Seven months ago in April 1978, the lives of over one hundred
unsuspecting civilians were deliberately put in great danger for
the sake of an intelligence mission. This was the case of Korean
Airlines Flight 902 which invaded super-sensitive Russian air
space and was shot down. As I explained in detail that month in
Audioletter No. 33, there was nothing accidental about the Korean
airliner episode, and the threat of death to all the innocent
passengers was the key ingredient in the episode. It would have
been far easier for the Russian fighters to blow the Boeing 707
out of the air in a ball of flame than to force it down with only
a few casualties, as was done.[...]
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:15 1 Geography
00:07:00 2 Climate
00:12:05 2.1 Temperature
00:19:21 2.2 Precipitation
00:23:24 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate
00:27:49 2.3.1 Evidence for cycles
00:31:58 3 Ecoregions
00:37:24 4 Flora and fauna
00:42:53 5 History
00:44:26 5.1 Kiffians
00:46:03 5.2 Tenerians
00:48:22 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy
00:50:42 5.4 Nubians
00:52:09 5.5 Egyptians
00:54:24 5.6 Phoenicians
00:55:37 5.7 Greeks
00:56:31 5.8 Urban civilization
00:57:56 5.9 Berbers
00:58:27 5.10 Islamic and Arabic expansion
00:59:27 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era
01:00:47 5.12 European colonialism
01:03:41 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards
01:05:49 6 People and languages
01:08:13 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7252207617302374
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.