A VISIT TO CAIRO EGYPT TO SEE THE PYRAMIDS OF GIZA DON PUGH PT II OF II
Cairo/Ciaro (Arabic: القاهرة transliteration: Al-Qahirah), which means The Vanquisher or The Triumphant, is the capital city of Egypt. While Al-Qahirah is the official name of the city, in Egyptian Arabic it is typically called simply by the name of the country, Masr (Egypt). It has a metropolitan area population of officially about 11.1 million people. Today, Greater Cairo encompasses various historic towns and modern districts into one of the most populous cities in the world. A journey through Cairo is a virtual time travel: from the Pyramids, Saladin's Citadel, the Virgin Mary's Tree, the Sphinx, and ancient Heliopolis, to Al-Azhar, the Mosque of Amr ibn al-A'as, Saqqara, the Hanging Church, and the Cairo Tower. It is the Capital of Egypt, and indeed its history is intertwined with that of the country. Today, Cairo's official name is Al-Qahira (Cairo), although the name informally used by most Egyptians is Masr (Egyptian Arabic name for Egypt). [edit] Era of the Pharaohs (BC 3500 - BC 30) The Great Sphinx of Giza is in Giza near Cairo The Great Sphinx of Giza is in Giza near Cairo Long before the pyramids were built, Egypt's northern and southern territories were ruled separately. It was about 5000 years ago that a young prince by the name of Narmer (Menes) unified the Red (North) and White (South) kingdoms and became Egypt's first Pharaoh. As brilliant a politician as he was a warrior, Narmer chose the site of Memphis as his capital. The city was situated at the then Nile Delta tip, along the North-South border, and about 25 km south of today's downtown Cairo. For the next 800 years or so, the first Capital of the ancient Egyptians prospered under the rule of Zoser, Khufu (Cheops), Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure (Mycerinus), Unas, and others. It became one of the most influential and powerful cities in the world, and housed one of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Great Pyramid of Giza. Constructed on the Giza plateau, a necropolis of the city of Memphis on the Nile's west bank, the three Great Pyramids are the ultimate manifestation of political stability and power of the ruler during the Third and Fourth Dynasties. Khufu's son built 2 of the Giza pyramids.
Arthur and Kate Tode (Kahop) Honeymoon #1: (1930)
Prologue-
A Kahop Film of 1930
Reel No. 1
Kate
+Hop
= KAHOP
Photographed
by Kahop
No smoking please
Kahop films are uncensored and no rights reserved
The Kahop Journey Around the World to:
Gibraltar
Algiers
Italy
Sicily
Egypt
Soudanese Frontier
Arabia Petrea
Trans-Jordania
Syria
Iraq
Persia
Baluchistan
India
Afghanistan Frontier
Kashmir
Bengal
Nepal Frontier
Burma
Federated Malay States
Straits Settlements
China
Japan
Hawaii
and the good old
U. S. A.
Not without some reluctance did we leave Home Sweet Home
Good-bye was bid to Grassy Sprain.
When the S/S Conte Grande sailed from New York on January 4, 1930
And along went KAHOP on their Trip of a Lifetime
A Kahop Film of 1930
Reel No. 2
Gibraltar the Impregnable
Algiers French North Africa
Naples and its ancient monarch of destruction
A visit to Little Vesuvius
The old amphitheatre at Pozzuoli
The Bay of Naples from Posilippo
On the Majori mountain road
Along the famous Amalfi Drive to Salerno
The famed Greek Temples of Paestum at sunset.
Ravello
The Cappuccini Convento at Amalfi
The S/S Ausonia is bound for Egypt
The rugged coast of Sicily off Syracuse.
Alexandria
Threshold of the East
Approaching Cairo- the great Mosque of Mohamed Ali in the distance
Shepherd's Famous Hotel
A tour thru the bazaars of Africa's largest city.
The Sultan Hassan Mosque
The Mosque of Mohamed Ali
The Mohammedan Mosque of Amr -- oldest in Cairo
A visit to the Isle of Roda where Moses was found.
Here is located one of the oldest Nileometers; an ancient gauge for determining the height of the Nile and still in service
But two monuments remain to prove the site of Egypt's great capitol at Memphis 6000 years ago: The Fallen Rameses and The Alabaster Sphinx
The Step Pyramid at Sakharah.
On the edge of the eternal desert's sad illimitable waste stand the Pyramids of Gisa.
Camel Philosophy
If you stand in front of him he can't kick you. If you stand behind him he can't bite you.
The Sphinx.
Most incomprehensible of all Egypt's monuments
Looking backward thru the ages into the dimness of the future
Heliopolis
Seven hundred miles up the River Nile on board the S/S Damietta; the start from Asyut.
From earliest times the Nile has been a busy highway for the commerce of the world
The great Temple to Hathor at Denderah
The only picture of the one and real Cleopatra in all Egypt
It is a hard working crowd that follows and listens to the fat Dragoman about the tombs and temples of Upper Egypt
The S/S Damietta continues to voyage up the Nile.
--- and arrives at Luxor
The Temple at Luxor was founded by Amenhotep III, and dedicated to the god Ammon, his wife, Mut, and their son, the moon-god Khensu.
The great Hall of Columns at Luxor Temple.
The collonade of the Temple at Luxor was built and decorated by Tutankhamen
The Temple at Thebes
The Valley of the Tomb of the Kings
Overhanging the debris-strewn royal graveyard of the Valley of the Kings is el Qorn, a natural pyramid.
Entrance to the Tomb of King Tut.
The entrance to Rameses VI Tomb
Entertainment at lunch time
Wonders of the Past-- an Egyptian mummy comes to life!
The Colossi of Memnon at Thebes
Scenes at the stupendous Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Der al-Bahari
Storied sentinels of the western plain of Hundred Gated Thebes.
A visit to the great Temples of Karnak.
Colossal pillars in the court of the Temple of Rameses III at Karnak
The Queen Hatshepsut Obelisk at Karnak is the tallest in the world.
View of the massive central columns of the great Hypostle Hall
The town-folks and the Temple at Esneh
Egyptians | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:21 1 Terminology
00:05:01 2 Demographics
00:12:33 3 Identity
00:22:31 4 Languages
00:26:59 5 History
00:27:08 5.1 Ancient Egypt
00:33:31 5.2 Graeco-Roman period
00:42:44 5.3 Islamic period from Late antiquity to Middle Ages
00:50:02 5.4 Ottoman period
00:52:00 5.5 Modern history
00:55:03 5.5.1 Nationalism
00:59:13 5.5.2 Liberal age
01:06:51 5.5.3 Republic
01:11:35 6 Culture
01:12:23 7 Surnames
01:15:46 8 Genetic history
01:23:02 9 See also
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Speaking Rate: 0.8893408966790602
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Egyptians (Arabic: مِصريّون; Coptic: ⲛⲓⲣⲉⲙⲛ̀ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethno-national group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.
Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the east and to the west. This unique geography has been the basis of the development of Egyptian society since antiquity.
The daily language of the Egyptians is the local varieties of Arabic, known as Egyptian Arabic or Masri. Additionally, a sizable minority of Egyptians living in Upper Egypt speak Sa'idi Arabic. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi orders. A considerable percentage of Egyptians are Coptic Christians who belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church, whose liturgical language, Coptic, is the most recent stage of the ancient Egyptian language and is still used in prayers along with Egyptian Arabic.
Nile Valley | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nile Valley
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Nile (Arabic: النيل) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an international river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.The river Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile is considered to be the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South Sudan. The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along riverbanks.
Egypt | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Egypt
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Egypt ( (listen) EE-jipt; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the red sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which has endured, and often assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and Nubian. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority.
From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers: The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. However, British military occupation of Egypt continued, and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British occupation, nationalized the British-held Suez Canal, exiled King Farouk and his family, and declared itself a republic. In 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic, which dissolved in 1961. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Egypt endured social and religious strife and political instability, fighting several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupying the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords, officially withdrawing from the Gaza Strip and recognising Israel. The country continues to face challenges, from political unrest, including the recent 2011 revolution and its aftermath, to terrorism and economic underdevelopment. Egypt's current government is a presidential republic headed by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, and was described by a number of watchdogs as authoritarian.
Islam is the official religion of Egypt and Arabic is its official language. With over 95 million inhabitants, Egypt is the most populous country in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Arab world, the third-most populous in Africa (after Nigeria and Ethiopia), and the fifteenth-most populous in the world. The great majority of its people live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.
The sovereign state of Egypt is a transcontinental country considered to be a regional power in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. Egypt's economy is one of the ...
Nile | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nile
00:01:44 1 Etymology and names
00:03:27 2 Courses
00:04:38 2.1 Sources
00:05:51 2.2 In Uganda's Nile
00:06:50 2.3 In South Sudan's Nile
00:09:21 2.4 In Sudan
00:10:14 2.5 In Egypt
00:10:40 3 Tributaries of Nile
00:10:49 3.1 Atbara River
00:11:22 3.2 Blue Nile
00:13:20 3.3 Bahr el Ghazal and Sobat River
00:14:25 3.4 Yellow Nile
00:14:54 4 History
00:15:39 4.1 Eonile
00:17:02 4.2 Integrated Nile
00:19:27 4.3 Role in the founding of Egyptian civilization
00:21:49 4.4 Search for the source of the Nile
00:26:19 4.5 Since 1950
00:29:40 5 Water sharing dispute
00:30:55 6 Modern achievements and exploration
00:31:05 6.1 White Nile
00:33:11 6.2 Blue Nile
00:34:22 7 Crossings
00:34:31 7.1 Crossings from Khartoum to the Mediterranean Sea
00:36:06 7.2 Crossings from Jinja, Uganda to Khartoum
00:36:34 8 Gallery
00:36:43 9 Annotated bibliography
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Nile (Arabic: النيل, written as al-Nīl, pronounced as an-Nīl) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an international river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.The river Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile is considered to be the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South Sudan. The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along riverbanks.
Nile | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nile
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Nile (Arabic: النيل) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an international river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.The river Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile is considered to be the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South Sudan. The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along riverbanks.
Nile | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:01 1 Etymology and names
00:03:53 2 Courses
00:05:15 2.1 Sources
00:06:39 2.2 In Uganda's Nile
00:07:48 2.3 In South Sudan's Nile
00:10:43 2.4 In Sudan
00:11:44 2.5 In Egypt
00:12:13 3 Tributaries of Nile
00:12:23 3.1 Atbara River
00:13:01 3.2 Blue Nile
00:15:16 3.3 Bahr el Ghazal and Sobat River
00:16:31 3.4 Yellow Nile
00:17:04 4 History
00:17:54 4.1 Eonile
00:19:33 4.2 Integrated Nile
00:22:23 4.3 Role in the founding of Egyptian civilization
00:25:13 4.4 Search for the source of the Nile
00:30:43 4.5 Since 1950
00:34:41 5 Water sharing dispute
00:36:09 6 Modern achievements and exploration
00:36:20 6.1 White Nile
00:38:44 6.2 Blue Nile
00:40:08 7 Crossings
00:40:18 7.1 Crossings from Khartoum to the Mediterranean Sea
00:41:59 7.2 Crossings from Jinja, Uganda to Khartoum
00:42:31 8 Gallery
00:42:40 9 Annotated bibliography
00:51:51 10 See also
00:52:01 11 Notes and references
00:52:15 12 Further reading
00:53:25 13 External links
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8199405313434707
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Nile (Arabic: النيل, written as al-Nīl; pronounced as an-Nīl) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is about 6,650 km (4,130 mi) long, is an international river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.The river Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile is considered to be the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South Sudan. The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along river banks.
Nile | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Nile
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Nile (Arabic: النيل) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest. The Nile, which is 6,853 km (4,258 miles) long, is an international river as its drainage basin covers eleven countries, namely, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Republic of the Sudan and Egypt. In particular, the Nile is the primary water source of Egypt and Sudan.The river Nile has two major tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile. The White Nile is considered to be the headwaters and primary stream of the Nile itself. The Blue Nile, however, is the source of most of the water and silt. The White Nile is longer and rises in the Great Lakes region of central Africa, with the most distant source still undetermined but located in either Rwanda or Burundi. It flows north through Tanzania, Lake Victoria, Uganda and South Sudan. The Blue Nile begins at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and flows into Sudan from the southeast. The two rivers meet just north of the Sudanese capital of Khartoum.The northern section of the river flows north almost entirely through the Sudanese desert to Egypt, then ends in a large delta and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Egyptian civilization and Sudanese kingdoms have depended on the river since ancient times. Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of Aswan, and nearly all the cultural and historical sites of Ancient Egypt are found along riverbanks.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Egypt | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:05:25 1 Names
00:06:22 2 History
00:06:31 2.1 Prehistory and Ancient Egypt
00:10:41 2.1.1 Achaemenid Egypt
00:12:18 2.2 Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt
00:14:19 2.3 Middle Ages (7th century – 1517)
00:16:37 2.4 Abbasid period
00:17:36 2.4.1 The Fatimid Caliphate and the Mamluks
00:18:23 2.5 Early modern: Ottoman Egypt (1517–1867)
00:20:01 2.5.1 The Muhammad Ali dynasty
00:23:17 2.6 The European intrusion (1867–1914)
00:25:40 2.7 British protectorate (1882–1952)
00:27:53 2.8 Republic (1953–present)
00:28:28 2.8.1 Tenure of President Nasser (1956–1970)
00:33:26 2.8.2 Tenure of President Sadat (1970–1981)
00:35:42 2.8.3 Tenure of President Mubarak (1981–2011)
00:40:04 2.8.4 Revolution and aftermath (2011–2014)
00:44:35 3 Geography
00:47:16 3.1 Climate
00:50:18 3.2 Biodiversity
00:52:25 4 Government
00:55:31 4.1 Law
00:57:51 4.1.1 Human rights
01:03:02 4.1.2 Freedom of the press
01:03:52 4.2 Military and foreign relations
01:10:21 4.3 Administrative divisions
01:10:48 5 Economy
01:17:20 5.1 Tourism
01:18:39 5.2 Energy
01:19:45 5.3 Transport
01:21:34 5.3.1 Suez Canal
01:23:50 5.4 Water supply and sanitation
01:25:18 5.5 Irrigated land and crops
01:26:14 6 Demographics
01:28:39 6.1 Ethnic groups
01:30:48 6.2 Languages
01:32:13 6.3 Religion
01:37:06 6.4 Largest cities
01:37:15 7 Culture
01:39:07 7.1 Arts
01:40:25 7.2 Literature
01:41:49 7.3 Media
01:42:16 7.4 Cinema
01:43:19 7.5 Music
01:44:24 7.6 Dances
01:45:01 7.7 Museums
01:46:47 7.8 Festivals
01:47:45 7.9 Cuisine
01:49:05 7.10 Sports
01:53:46 8 Telecommunication
01:54:29 8.1 Post
01:55:04 8.2 Social Media
01:55:26 9 Education
01:58:40 10 Health
02:01:14 11 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
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Speaking Rate: 0.8543702461109492
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Egypt ( (listen) EE-jipt; Arabic: مِصر Miṣr, Egyptian Arabic: مَصر Maṣr, Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Egypt is a Mediterranean country bordered by the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Across the Gulf of Aqaba lies Jordan, across the Red Sea lies Saudi Arabia, and across the Mediterranean lie Greece, Turkey and Cyprus, although none share a land border with Egypt.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of scientific and popular interest. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which has endured, and often assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman Turkish, and Nubian. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, but was largely Islamised in the seventh century and remains a predominantly Muslim country, albeit with a significant Christian minority.
From the 16th to the beginning of the 20th century, Egypt was ruled by foreign imperial powers: The Ottoman Empire and the British Empire. Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained nominal independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. However, British military occupation of Egypt continued, and many Egyptians believed that the monarchy was an instrument of British colonialism. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt expelled British soldiers and bureaucrats and ended British oc ...
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:01:52 1 Geography
00:05:43 2 Climate
00:09:49 2.1 Temperature
00:15:32 2.2 Precipitation
00:18:48 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate
00:22:24 2.3.1 Evidence for cycles
00:25:45 3 Ecoregions
00:30:09 4 Flora and fauna
00:34:38 5 History
00:35:55 5.1 Kiffians
00:37:15 5.2 Tenerians
00:39:09 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy
00:41:02 5.4 Nubians
00:42:17 5.5 Egyptians
00:44:05 5.6 Phoenicians
00:45:06 5.7 Greeks
00:45:51 5.8 Urban civilization
00:47:02 5.9 Berbers
00:47:29 5.10 Islamic and Arabic expansion
00:48:20 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era
00:49:25 5.12 European colonialism
00:51:45 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards
00:53:29 6 People and languages
00:55:27 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.8753809494458954
Voice name: en-GB-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is a desert located on the African continent. It is the largest hot desert in the world, and the third largest desert overall after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by the precession of the Earth's axis as it rotates around the Sun, which changes the location of the North African Monsoon. The area is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Swastika | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:03:15 1 Etymology and nomenclature
00:06:40 2 Appearance
00:08:28 2.1 Written characters
00:09:54 3 Meaning of the symbol
00:10:25 3.1 North pole
00:12:48 3.2 Comet
00:14:18 4 Prehistory
00:17:30 5 Historical use
00:18:44 5.1 South Asia
00:18:53 5.1.1 Jainism
00:20:10 5.1.2 Hinduism
00:21:58 5.1.3 Swastika shaped temple tank
00:22:30 5.1.4 Buddhism
00:23:20 5.2 East Asia
00:26:06 5.3 Northern Europe
00:26:15 5.3.1 Sami (Finland)
00:26:58 5.3.2 Germanic Iron Age
00:28:54 5.3.3 Slavic
00:32:32 5.3.4 Celts
00:33:45 5.4 Greco-Roman antiquity
00:35:53 5.5 Illyrians
00:36:17 5.6 Armenia
00:37:32 5.7 Medieval and early modern Europe
00:40:45 5.8 Africa
00:41:02 5.9 Americas
00:41:23 5.10 Early 20th century
00:43:40 5.10.1 Europe
00:43:48 5.10.1.1 Britain
00:44:38 5.10.1.2 Denmark
00:45:13 5.10.1.3 Ireland
00:45:53 5.10.1.4 Finland
00:47:00 5.10.1.4.1 Finnish military
00:49:13 5.10.1.5 Latvia
00:50:36 5.10.1.6 Lithuania
00:50:54 5.10.1.7 Poland
00:51:23 5.10.1.8 Sweden
00:52:06 5.10.1.9 Norway
00:52:56 5.10.2 North America
00:56:09 6 Nazism
00:56:19 6.1 Use in Nazism
01:04:09 6.2 Use by anti-Nazis
01:04:37 6.3 Post–World War II stigmatization
01:05:44 6.3.1 Germany
01:09:13 6.3.2 Legislation in other European countries
01:11:02 6.3.3 Attempted ban in the European Union
01:12:29 6.3.4 Latin America
01:13:22 6.3.5 United States
01:14:43 6.3.6 Media
01:16:51 7 Contemporary use
01:17:01 7.1 Asia
01:17:09 7.1.1 Central Asia
01:17:58 7.1.2 East and Southeast Asia
01:20:01 7.1.3 Indian subcontinent
01:21:13 7.1.4 Western misinterpretation of Asian use
01:23:08 7.2 New religious movements
01:25:32 8 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7009254982709057
Voice name: en-AU-Wavenet-B
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The swastika or sauwastika (as a character, 卐 or 卍, respectively) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon in the cultures of Eurasia. It is used as a symbol of divinity and spirituality in Indian religions. In the Western world, it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan identity and, as a result, was stigmatized by its association with racism and antisemitism.The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक) meaning 'conducive to well being' or 'auspicious'. In Hinduism, the symbol with arms pointing clockwise (卐) is called swastika, symbolizing surya ('sun'), prosperity and good luck, while the counterclockwise symbol (卍) is called sauvastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali. In Jainism, a swastika is the symbol for Suparshvanatha—the 7th of 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers and saviours), while in Buddhism it symbolizes the auspicious footprints of the Buddha. In several major Indo-European religions, the swastika symbolizes lightning bolts, representing the thunder god and the king of the gods, such as Indra in Vedic Hinduism, Zeus in the ancient Greek religion, Jupiter in the ancient Roman religion, and Thor in the ancient Germanic religion.The swastika is an icon which is widely found in both human history and the modern world. In various forms, it is otherwise known (in various European languages) as the 'fylfot, gammadion, tetraskelion, or cross cramponnée (a term in Anglo-Norman heraldry); German: Hakenkreuz; French: croix gammée. In China it is named wàn 卐 / 卍 / 萬, meaning 'all things', pronounced manji in Japanese. A swastika generally takes the form of a cross, the arms of which are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. The symbol is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia, as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork.The swastika was adopted by several organizations in pre–World War I Europe, and later ...
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Swastika | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Swastika
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The swastika (as a character 卐 or 卍) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon from the cultures of Eurasia, where it is a symbol of divinity and spirituality in some Eastern religions. In the Western world it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan race identity and, as a result, was stigmatized by association with ideas of racism and antisemitism.The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक), pronounced swastika in Sanskrit and swastik in Hindi and other languages which drop a short final ‘a’. and denotes conducive to well being or auspicious. In Hinduism, the clockwise symbol is called swastika, symbolizing surya (sun), prosperity and good luck, while the counterclockwise symbol is called sauvastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali. In Jainism, a swastika is the symbol for Suparshvanatha—the seventh of 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers and saviours), while in Buddhism it symbolizes the auspicious footprints of the Buddha.
The swastika is an icon widely found in human history and the modern world. In various forms it is alternatively known in various European languages as the Hakenkreuz, gammadion, cross cramponnée, croix gammée, fylfot or tetraskelion and in East Asia as the wàn 卐/卍/萬, meaning all things, and the manji. A swastika generally takes the form of a cross whose arms are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. It is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork.The swastika was adopted by several organizations in pre–World War I Europe and later, and most notably, by the Nazi Party and Nazi Germany prior to World War II. It was used by the Nazi Party to symbolize German nationalistic pride. To Jews and the enemies of Nazi Germany, it became a symbol of antisemitism and terror. In many Western countries, the swastika is viewed as a symbol of racial supremacy and intimidation because of its association with Nazism. The reverence for the swastika symbol in Asian cultures, in contrast to the stigma in the West, has led to misinterpretations and misunderstandings.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
00:01:39 1 Geography
00:05:11 2 Climate
00:08:57 2.1 Temperature
00:14:22 2.2 Precipitation
00:17:25 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate
00:20:42 2.3.1 Evidence for cycles
00:23:48 3 Ecoregions
00:27:52 4 Flora and fauna
00:31:54 5 History
00:33:04 5.1 Kiffians
00:34:17 5.2 Tenerians
00:36:01 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy
00:37:45 5.4 Nubians
00:38:52 5.5 Egyptians
00:40:33 5.6 Phoenicians
00:41:28 5.7 Greeks
00:42:09 5.8 Urban civilization
00:43:14 5.9 Berbers
00:43:38 5.10 Islamic and Arabic expansion
00:44:25 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era
00:45:25 5.12 European colonialism
00:47:36 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards
00:49:13 6 People and languages
00:51:01 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:15 1 Geography
00:07:00 2 Climate
00:12:05 2.1 Temperature
00:19:21 2.2 Precipitation
00:23:24 2.3 Desertification and prehistoric climate
00:27:49 2.3.1 Evidence for cycles
00:31:58 3 Ecoregions
00:37:24 4 Flora and fauna
00:42:53 5 History
00:44:26 5.1 Kiffians
00:46:03 5.2 Tenerians
00:48:22 5.3 Tashwinat Mummy
00:50:42 5.4 Nubians
00:52:09 5.5 Egyptians
00:54:24 5.6 Phoenicians
00:55:37 5.7 Greeks
00:56:31 5.8 Urban civilization
00:57:56 5.9 Berbers
00:58:27 5.10 Islamic and Arabic expansion
00:59:27 5.11 Ottoman Turkish era
01:00:47 5.12 European colonialism
01:03:41 5.13 Breakup of the empires and afterwards
01:05:49 6 People and languages
01:08:13 7 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.7252207617302374
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-F
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Sahara | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Sahara
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The Sahara (UK: , ; Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its area of 9,200,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi) is comparable to the area of China or the United States. The name 'Sahara' is derived from a dialectal Arabic word for desert, ṣaḥra (صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/).The desert comprises much of North Africa, excluding the fertile region on the Mediterranean Sea coast, the Atlas Mountains of the Maghreb, and the Nile Valley in Egypt and Sudan. It stretches from the Red Sea in the east and the Mediterranean in the north to the Atlantic Ocean in the west, where the landscape gradually changes from desert to coastal plains. To the south, it is bounded by the Sahel, a belt of semi-arid tropical savanna around the Niger River valley and the Sudan Region of Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara can be divided into several regions including: the western Sahara, the central Ahaggar Mountains, the Tibesti Mountains, the Aïr Mountains, the Ténéré desert, and the Libyan Desert.
For several hundred thousand years, the Sahara has alternated between desert and savanna grassland in a 41,000 year cycle caused by changes (precession) in the Earth's axis as it rotates around the sun, which change the location of the North African Monsoon. It is next expected to become green in about 15,000 years (17,000 AD). There is a suggestion that the last time that the Sahara was converted from savanna to desert it was partially due to overgrazing by the cattle of the local population.
Swastika | Wikipedia audio article | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Swastika | Wikipedia audio article
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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The swastika (as a character 卐 or 卍) is a geometrical figure and an ancient religious icon from the cultures of Eurasia, where it is a symbol of divinity and spirituality in some Eastern religions. In the Western world it was a symbol of auspiciousness and good luck until the 1930s, when it became a feature of Nazi symbolism as an emblem of Aryan race identity and, as a result, was stigmatized by association with ideas of racism and antisemitism.The name swastika comes from Sanskrit (Devanagari: स्वस्तिक), pronounced swastika in Sanskrit and swastik in Hindi and other languages which drop a short final ‘a’. and denotes conducive to well being or auspicious. In Hinduism, the clockwise symbol is called swastika, symbolizing surya (sun), prosperity and good luck, while the counterclockwise symbol is called sauvastika, symbolizing night or tantric aspects of Kali. In Jainism, a swastika is the symbol for Suparshvanatha—the seventh of 24 Tirthankaras (spiritual teachers and saviours), while in Buddhism it symbolizes the auspicious footprints of the Buddha.
The swastika is an icon widely found in human history and the modern world. In various forms it is alternatively known in various European languages as the Hakenkreuz, gammadion, cross cramponnée, croix gammée, fylfot or tetraskelion and in East Asia as the wàn 卐/卍/萬, meaning all things, and the manji. A swastika generally takes the form of a cross whose arms are of equal length and perpendicular to the adjacent arms, each bent midway at a right angle. It is found in the archeological remains of the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia as well as in early Byzantine and Christian artwork.The swastika was adopted by several organizations in pre–World War I Europe and later, and most notably, by the Nazi Party and Nazi Germany prior to World War II. It was used by the Nazi Party to symbolize German nationalistic pride. To Jews and the enemies of Nazi Germany, it became a symbol of antisemitism and terror. In many Western countries, the swastika is viewed as a symbol of racial supremacy and intimidation because of its association with Nazism. The reverence for the swastika symbol in Asian cultures, in contrast to the stigma in the West, has led to misinterpretations and misunderstandings.