Cetinje, Short Historical Walking Tour (Montenegro)
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The video presents the summary of the our tour guided by a local guide through Cetinje, the historical capital of Montenegro. We are acquainted with the history, spirituality and culture of Montenegrins by reviewing the main historical buildings and the personalities that inhabited them. The tour, like a time machine, opens a legendary world, ended a century ago.
At the end of the 15th century, under pressure from Turkish and Venetian invaders, Ivan Crnojević, religious and political leader, moved the country's capital to Cetinje, a natural fortified place at the foot of the Lovćen Mountains (Black, hence the name of the country). The princes court was built in 1482, and in 1484 the Crnojević fortified monastery was completed, in which his son, Đurađ Crnojević, will set up the first printing house of the southern Slavs. The court and the monastery will be completely destroyed by the Turks in 1692. Cetinje will begin to shine again under the leadership of bishop Danilo Petrović Njegoš, founder of the Petrović dynasty (with 7 rulers from 1697-1918, 5 of them being Vladika = bishop) but also builder (1701-1704) of the imposing Cetinje Monastery. Despite being devastated by the Turks several times, the monastic complex has been rebuilt and expanded each time, becoming the center of Montenegro's cultural, spiritual and political life. The church of the monastery houses the relics of Saint Peter of Cetinje, of the bishop-ruler Danilo Petrović Njegoš (the founder of the monastery) and of the Grand Duke Mirko, the father of King Nikola I Petrovic. Also, in the monastery museum is the hand of St. John the Baptist and a part of the cross on which Jesus was crucified. After Danilo Petrović Njegoš followed Sava Petrović Njegoš, Vasilije Petrović Njegoš, Petar I Petrović Njegoš, Petar II Petrović Njegoš, Danilo I Petrović Njegoš (he separates the ecclesiastical function from the political one, becoming Prince of Montenegro Petrov) and finally Nikola I Petrović Njegoš. Under Petar II Petrovic Njegoš (1813-1851; ruler, bishop, poet, philosopher) Cetinje, but also Montenegro know important modernizations and also from him remained the Biljard Palace (Museum), bringing the first billiard table in Cetinje. The last of the dynasty's list, but perhaps most important, is Nikola I Mirkov Petrović Njegoš (1841 - 1921), who reigned as sovereign prince (1860-1910) and then as king (1910-1918). Not only did Nikola I show great political skills, playing an important role on the European political scene, but he was also a profound reformer (administration, culture) of the country. Montenegro was recognized as an independent state at the Berlin Congress in 1878. Nikola I practically rebuilt (urbanized) Cetinje in the form we see today (the historical city), the former palaces and embassies now becoming cultural institutions. Nikola I also closes a historical cycle by building in 1886 the Ćipur Church (with the role of princes chapel) exactly on the ruins of the former monastery built in 1484 by Ivan Crnojević, the founder of the city. Exiled after the First World War, his and his wife's remains will be re-buried with all honors in 1989 in this church (Ćipur). In 1942, Josip Broz Tito, the communist leader of Yugoslavia, moved the capital of Montenegro from Cetinje to Titograd (today Podgorica).
Our quick tour through the historical part of Cetinje city points to the following objectives: Ćipur Church, Cetinje Monastery, Biljard Palace (Museum) of Petar II Petrovic Njegoš, Palace (Museum) of King Nikola I Petrović Njegoš, Ethnographic Museum (former Serbian Embassy), the former Girls' School, the Music Academy (the former embassy of Great Britain) and the Blue Palace (residence of the Crown Prince Danilo I, now the seat of the Montenegro presidency). Unfortunately, we did not see the Vlaska Church (Vlach's Church), which we, the Romanians, would be interested in, the church being built at 1450 by the Vlachs (Romanians) shepherds, now disappeared population.
Cetinje :The former French Embassy (1)
Building of the former French Embassy was built in 1910 by the French architect Paul Gaudet and August Perret. Building facade stands out is covered with polychrome pottery. Today it houses old and rare books department of the Central Library in Montenegro.
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Cladirea fostei Ambasade Franceze a fost construita in 1910 dupa proiectul arhitectilor francezi Paul Gaudet si August Perret. Fatada cladirii iese in evident fiind acoperita cu ceramica policroma. Astazi gazduieste Departamentul cartilor vechi si foarte rare din cadrul Bibliotecii Centrale din Muntenegru.
Royal Exiles: King Of Montenegro In France: Chateau De Merignac (1918-1921)
Royal exiles: King of Montenegro in France: Chateau de Merignac.
Royalty; Montenegrin; King Nicholas I of Montenegro in exile in France; at the Chateau de Merignac (near Bordeaux?). Pan on group of soldiers (Serbian or Montenegrin) wearing long coats and pillbox type hats; standing outside building. Men getting out of car; soldier salutes man in uniform; probably the exiled King. Ladies getting out of car; walking toward building. Next; shot of ex-King walking back out of the chateau; with family. Automobile in FG; rt.; but the people are not actually seen getting into it. King N. was deposed in 1918 and Montenegro was united with Serbia.
FILM ID:2454.02
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Embassy Marks the Beginning of Works on the New Consular Annex
On Monday, March 15, U.S. Ambassador to Montenegro Roderick W. Moore officially marked the beginning of construction works on the new Consular Annex. When the project is complete, the embassy will be able to provide better services to U.S. citizens in Montenegro and Montenegrin citizens who wish to travel to the U.S. The project marks an important sign of the continuing deepening of relations between Montenegro and the United States.
IV Montenegrin Summer School for Young Diplomats Closing, Podgorica 11 July 2011.mpg
Fourth Montenegrin Summer School for Young Diplomats Gavro Vuković
For the fourth year in a row, young diplomats from all over the world gathered in Montenegro in order to participate at the Montenegrin Summer School for Young Diplomats Gavro Vuković. Now rightly called a traditional event, the School this time brought together more than 50 diplomats from 35 countries of the world, as well as numerous prominent lecturers, among whom Jorge Sampaio, President of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations and former president of Portugal; Mr. Hans Winkler, Director of the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna; Mr. Paul Meerts, Professor at the Clingendael -- the Netherlands Institute of International Relations and many other ambassadors and diplomats. They discussed diplomacy as a factor of security, stability and development in a changing environment, exchanged opinions and shared experiences related to the current security, political and economic aspects of development in the region and the world.
Speakers at the official closing were: Mr. Nebojša Kaluđerović, State Secretary for Political Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of Montenegro; Jorge Sampaio, President of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations and former president of Portugal;
Ms. Kristine Blokhus, UNDP Deputy Resident Representative to Montenegro
Mr. Vuka Golubović, Mayor of Berane
Mothers Protest In Montenegro Over Reduced Social Benefits
Some 2,000 women protested outside the government building in Podgorica, the Montenegrin capital, over a law that reduces the lifetime benefits paid to mothers of three or more children. (RFE/RL's Balkan Service)
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A week in Montenegro - part 2: Exploring an abandoned hotel!
We spend our last few days in Kotor, and make rainy days fun by heading up to the old fortress, as well as finally checking out the creepy abandoned hotel...ooooooo!
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UAE delegation visit to Atlas Capital Center, Montenegro
Atlas tv news: UAE delegation visit to Atlas Capitel Center in Podgorica, Montenegro , October 5th 2011
Atlas Group president dr Dusko Knezevic and mayor of Podgorica dr Miomir Mugosa wellcoming UAE delegation
King Nicholas I of MonteAfrican American sits on a chair and addresses American v...HD Stock Footage
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King Nicholas I of MonteAfrican American sits on a chair and addresses American visitors in Montenegro.
King Nicholas I of Montenegro sits on a chair and addresses visitors from America as they prepare to depart from Montenegro. Visitors stand in line. King Nicholas stands up and walks about. Visitors cheer. Location: Montenegro. Date: 1920.
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Belgrade, Serbia : Serbs Mob burn USA Embassy - One Dead
US embassy in Belgrade attacked
Attack on US embassy in Belgrade
Police were not guarding the embassy at the time
Several hundred protesters have attacked the US and other embassies in Serbia's capital in anger at Western support for Kosovo's independence.
Protesters broke into the US compound in Belgrade and briefly set part of the embassy alight. Firemen later found an unidentified charred body inside.
Other embassies were also targeted. The United Nations Security Council condemned the violence.
The attacks followed a peaceful rally by at least 150,000 people in the city.
Most Serbs regard Kosovo as their religious and cultural heartland.
Serbian Prime Minister Vojislav Kostunica delivered an impassioned speech condemning the territory's secession
As long as we live, Kosovo is Serbia. Kosovo belongs to the Serbian people, he told the flag-waving crowd.
Later about 1,000 protesters smashed their way into the US embassy, throwing flares through the window while others scaled walls to rip down the US flag.
At the time there appeared to be no police protecting the embassy, but riot police later intervened, firing tear gas.
'Mob attacks'
The fires raged for half an hour, and when firemen finally managed to get inside the building they found a charred body.
The body has not been identified, though US officials said all embassy staff of US nationality had been accounted for
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Invasion of Yugoslavia | Wikipedia audio article
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Invasion of Yugoslavia
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
The invasion of Yugoslavia, also known as the April War or Operation 25, was a German-led attack on the Kingdom of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers which began on 6 April 1941 during World War II. The order for the invasion was put forward in Führer Directive No. 25, which Adolf Hitler issued on 27 March 1941, following the Yugoslav coup d'état.The invasion commenced with an overwhelming air attack on Belgrade and facilities of the Royal Yugoslav Air Force (VVKJ) by the Luftwaffe (German Air Force) and attacks by German land forces from southwestern Bulgaria. These attacks were followed by German thrusts from Romania, Hungary and the Ostmark. Italian forces were limited to air and artillery attacks until 11 April, when the Italian army attacked towards Ljubljana (in modern-day Slovenia) and through Istria and Lika and down the Dalmatian coast. On the same day, Hungarian forces entered Yugoslav Bačka and Baranya, but like the Italians they faced practically no resistance. A Yugoslav attack into the northern parts of the Italian protectorate of Albania met with initial success, but was inconsequential due to the collapse of the rest of the Yugoslav forces.
Scholars have proposed several theories for the Royal Yugoslav Army's sudden collapse, including poor training and equipment, generals eager to secure a quick cessation of hostilities, and a sizeable Croatian nationalist fifth column. The invasion ended when an armistice was signed on 17 April 1941, based on the unconditional surrender of the Yugoslav army, which came into effect at noon on 18 April. Yugoslavia was then occupied and partitioned by the Axis powers. Some areas of Yugoslavia were annexed by neighboring Axis countries, some areas remained occupied, and in other areas Axis puppet states such as the Independent State of Croatia (Serbo-Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, or NDH) were created during the invasion on 10 April. Along with Italy's stalled invasion of Greece on 28 October 1940, and the German-led invasion of Greece (Operation Marita) and invasion of Crete (Operation Merkur), the invasion of Yugoslavia was part of the German Balkan Campaign (German: Balkanfeldzug).
Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa, or Republic of Dubrovnik, was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian and Latin) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost modern Croatia), that existed from 1358 to 1808. It reached its commercial peak in the 15th and the 16th centuries, under the protection of the Ottoman Empire, before being conquered by Napoleon's French Empire in 1808. It had a population of about 30,000 people, of whom 5,000 lived within the city walls. It had the motto Non bene pro toto libertas venditur auro (Latin for Liberty is not well sold for all the gold).
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Belgrade Serbia - US Embassy set on fire
BELGRADE, Serbia - Serb rioters set fire to an office inside the U.S. Embassy Thursday and police clashed with protesters outside other embassy buildings after a large demonstration against Kosovo's declaration of independence.
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Masked attackers broke into the U.S. compound, which has been closed this week, and tried to throw furniture from an office. They set fire to the office and flames shot up the side of the building.
It took police about 45 minutes to appear at the scene, and firefighters arrived about the same time and put out the blaze. Police secured the U.S. Embassy and surrounding area, blocking off all access.
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LIVE: Anti-war activists march against NATO base in Sardinia
Italian anti-militarist activists are set to march to the NATO base in Poligono di Quirra in Sardinia, on Friday April 28. The action intends to decry the negative effects of militarisation on the island and its impact on the citizens' daily life.
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Capital (political) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Capital (political)
00:01:15 1 Terminology
00:01:49 2 Origins
00:03:50 3 Modern capitals
00:06:20 4 Planned capitals
00:11:35 5 Unusual capital city arrangements
00:18:36 5.1 Capitals that are not the seat of government
00:20:45 5.2 Disputed capitals
00:21:38 6 Intergovernmental organizations
00:24:15 7 Capital as symbol
00:27:49 8 Capitals in military strategy
00:30:24 9 See also
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other administrative region, usually as its seat of government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution. In some jurisdictions, including several countries, the different branches of government are located in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official (constitutional) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place.
Capital cities that are also the prime economic, cultural, or intellectual centres of a nation or an empire are sometimes referred to as primate cities. Examples are Athens, Bangkok, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Cairo, London, Mexico City, Paris, Seoul and Tokyo.
News media will often use the name of a capital city as an alternative name for the country of which it is the capital or of the government that is seated there, as a form of metonymy. For example, relations between Washington and London refer to relations between the United States and the United Kingdom.
Orthodox Church canonizes new saint - Justin Popovich
The Holy Assembly of Bishops of the Belgrade Orthodox Patriarchate has canonized new saint Justin Popovich, the new theologian and critic of modern ecumenism, saint's relics were moved to newly built church in 2014.
Фильм БАЛКАНЫ: Вино и сыр
Быстро-быстро по городам и весям Сербии, Хорватии и Черногории.
Путешествие началось в Белграде, столице Сербии. Именно в этот балканский город в начале июля предлагали самые дешевые авиабилеты.
В Белграде путешественники надолго не задержались. Посетили Белградскую крепость, побывали в старом районе Земун и отправились на вокзал, чтобы уехать на поезде в сторону хорватской границы.
В Сремски-Карловци местный житель пригласил в гости и завел долгие разговоры о политике. Конечно, не за чашкой чая.
Во втором по величине сербском городе Нови Сад самая интересная достопримечательность - Петроварадинская крепость.
Суботица — самый северный город Сербии — находится недалеко от венгерской границы.
Краткая остановка в Сомборе. Оттуда сразу на автобусе в городок Бачка-Паланка, который находится уже почти на хорватской границе.
В период Югославской войны Илок входил в состав самопровозглашенной Сербской Краины.
Всего в 30 километрах от Илока находится город Вуковар. Ему выпала незавидная честь стать хорватским Сталинградом.
Город Вара́ждин имеет длинную историю. Люди на его территории жили еще во времена Римской империи. Прекрасно сохранился замок Стари Град XIV века. Построенный в XIII веке в 40 километрах от Вараждина замок Тракошчан.
Село Кумровец на берегу реки Сутлы, по которой проходит граница Хорватии и Словении, превратили в этнографический музей.
Самобор известен своими кремшнитами - пирожными из пенного крема.
Следующая остановка — город Огулин на берегу глубокого каньона реки Добра.
Церковь Богоматери Трсатской - один из семи главных католических соборов Хорватии. Пригород Риеки — Опати́я, также изначально был известен как крупный религиозный центр.
Город Бузет стоит на том же месте, где когда-то было древнее римское поселение Пингентум. От римлян, конечно, ничего не сохранилось.
В соседнем городке Мотовун трюфели можно попробовать бесплатно.
Пазин — не самый крупный город Истрии, но стал его столицей.
В Средние века Крк был крупным христианским центром и одновременно мощной крепостью с военно-морской базой.
Над Шибеником нависает огромная крепость Святого Михаила, построенная в XV — XVII веках.
В 17 километрах от Шибеника на реке Крка стоит древний город Скрадин.
Сплит — самый крупный город и порт Адриатического побережья Хорватии.
Пляж Златни Рат считается самым лучшим хорватским пляжем. Его название означает «Золотой рог».
В Дубровнике завершается путешествие по Хорватии — впереди Черногория.
Херцег-Нови находится у входа в узкий и очень длинный Которский залив, который здесь называют Бока Которска.
В 1878 году Цетине стал столицей суверенной Черногории.
На вершине горы Ловчен похоронен Петр Петрович Негош.
Скадарское озеро — самое большое в Черногории.
Настраивайтесь на длительный просмотр и наслаждайтесь.
Вы также можете принять участие в новых походах Валерия Шанина
Italian war crimes | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Italian war crimes
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
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- learn while on the move
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The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
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Italian war crimes have mainly been associated with Fascist Italy in the Pacification of Libya, the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, and World War II.
Capital city | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Capital city
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other administrative region, usually as its seat of government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution. In some jurisdictions, including several countries, the different branches of government are located in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official (constitutional) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place.
Capital cities that are also the prime economic, cultural, or intellectual centres of a nation or an empire are sometimes referred to as primate cities. Examples are Athens, Bangkok, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Cairo, London, Mexico City, Paris, Seoul and Tokyo.
News media will often use the name of a capital city as an alternative name for the country of which it is the capital or of the government that is seated there, as a form of metonymy. For example, relations between Washington and London refer to relations between the United States and the United Kingdom.
Capital city | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Capital city
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other administrative region, usually as its seat of government. A capital is typically a city that physically encompasses the government's offices and meeting places; the status as capital is often designated by its law or constitution. In some jurisdictions, including several countries, the different branches of government are located in different settlements. In some cases, a distinction is made between the official (constitutional) capital and the seat of government, which is in another place.
Capital cities that are also the prime economic, cultural, or intellectual centres of a nation or an empire are sometimes referred to as primate cities. Examples are Athens, Bangkok, Brussels, Buenos Aires, Copenhagen, Cairo, London, Mexico City, Paris, Seoul and Tokyo.
News media will often use the name of a capital city as an alternative name for the country of which it is the capital or of the government that is seated there, as a form of metonymy. For example, relations between Washington and London refer to relations between the United States and the United Kingdom.