A look at nostalgia for Tito's Yugoslavia in the Balkans on the late leader's birthday
SHOTLIST
AP TELEVISION
Kumrovec, Croatia - 25 May 2013
1. Various of people singing and dancing, some dressed in World War II Communist guerrilla attire to mark the birthday of Yugoslavia's late communist leader, Josip Broz Tito
2. Wide people holding communist banners, singing the Italian communist song Bandiera Rossa, or Red flag
3. Close up two women singing verses from Bandiera Rossa (Italian): The red flag will triumph, long live communism and freedom
4. Wide people gathering in front of the birthplace of Tito, AUDIO: Bella Ciao, an Italian World War II partisan song
5. Mid people arriving wearing partisan memorabilia
6. Wide people at the monument of Tito, chanting (Croatian) Long live Tito
7. Close of monument of Tito, AUDIO: Tito's speeches
8. SOUNDBITE (Croatian) Drago Broz, a native of Kumrovec and distant relative of Tito:
I remember Yugoslavia with love, because things were different. There was work, everyone had jobs.
9. Close of Tito's portrait on red T-shirt
10. Close Tito's picture covered in flowers
Belgrade, Serbia - 25 May 2013
11. Wide people holding Yugoslav flag singing wartime song from World War II
12. Mid of man running with two relays, symbol of Tito's youth
13. Wide people dressed in Yugoslav army uniforms on stage, next to Tito's picture, AUDIO: Bella Ciao being played
14. Close Tito's pictures, AUDIO: Bella Ciao being played
15. Wide people gathered in front of the Yugoslav History museum, where Tito's gravestone is on display
16. SOUNDBITE (Serbian) vox pop, Malina Jelic, Belgrade citizen
It would have been better if we all gathered together to play guitars instead of holding guns and shooting at each other. And this is why many of them complain today and want to bring back those times.
17. Close Tito's memorabilia on display, including still photo of Tito and his wife Jovanka Broz
18. Close sign of Museum of Yugoslav history
19. Mid of woman laying flowers at Tito's grave
20. Close woman weeping at Tito's grave
Sarajevo, Bosnia - 25 May 2013
21. Mid Tito monument, people waving Yugoslavian flag
22. Mid people singing patriotic Yugoslavian songs
23. Close man wearing partisan hat, holding banner with Tito's picture
24. Wide young people laying flowers at Tito's monument
25. Mid of people at Tito's monument, including two young men in partisan uniforms
26. Wide 'Tito' bar, an old Yugoslav tank is in front of the bar
27. Mid people in the bar singing Yugoslav patriotic songs
28. Mid pictures of LIFE magazine with Tito covers
29. SOUNDBITE (Bosnian) vox pop, Sanin Camo, fan of Tito ++he is wearing Tito's pioneer uniform++
It is important that we have brotherhood and unity. We should spread love and not war.
30. Close photos of Tito on the wall of the bar
Velenje, Slovenia - 24 May 2013
31. Mid of the biggest Tito monument, Slovenian flag, in the back
32. Wide man playing ball with daughter in front of Tito monument, the biggest in the Balkans
33. Close of Tito monument
34. SOUNDBITE (Serbian) vox pop, Vlado Nikolic, Velenje resident:
(On the day that Tito died) I came home from work, saw the news on TV, and cried my eyes out, as if he were my own father. I cried more on that day than on the day that my father died.
Ljubljana, Slovenia - 24 May 2013
35. Wide of room with Tito memorabilia at Grand Hotel Union Executive hotel
36. Mid of books on Tito on a shelf inside room
37. Wide of a wall with Tito's portrait and various other items
38. Mid of Oto Skrbin, the hotel manager, inside room
39. SOUNDBITE: (Serbian) Oto Skrbin, Manager, Grand Hotel Union Executive:
Kumrovec, Croatia - 25 May 2013
40. Tito's monument, Slovenian flag in the back
STORYLINE
bustling capital of Ljubljana.
the case today.
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Тито се враќа во Титоград
KRUSCHEV AND TITO - NO SOUND
Soviet assembly. Statue. Kruschev arrives on platform. Speeches. Tito speaking.
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U Podgorici otkriven spomenik Titu
RTCG, 19. XII 2018.
Spomenik Josipu Brozu Titu otkriven je danas, kada se obilježava Dan oslobođenja Podgorice, na Bulevaru Svetog Petra Cetinjskog.
Spomenik otkriven na Dan oslobođenja Podgorice Spomenik otkriven na Dan oslobođenja Podgorice
Vuković je poručio da današnja Crna Gora, kao međunarodno priznata država i uvaženi član velike euroatlanske porodice, lišena osjećaja jugonostalgije i nesklona idolatriji bilo koje vrste, spomenik Josipu Brozu Titu podiže kao izraz poštovanja za sve što je taj velikan svjetske istorije učinio za Crnu Goru.
Istovremeno, i još važnije od toga, činimo to kako bismo, u vrjednosnom smislu, dodatno osvijetlili orijentir za buduću izgradnju crnogorskog drustva, jer, ma kako ljudi interpretirali njegov ukupan politički učinak, Josip Broz Tito bio je i ostao personifikacija antifašizma na ovim prostorima, antifašizma koji predstavlja jedini dovoljno snažan temelj građanske Crne Gore i dovoljno širok okvir za sve njene identitetske različitosti, naglasio je gradonačelnik Podgorice Ivan Vuković prilikom otkrivanja spomenik Josipu Brozu Titu.
On je saopštio da o veličini Titovih istorijskih zasluga i odnosu prema Crnoj Gori i Crnogorcima, dovoljno govori činjenica da je, već godinu nakon kraja rata, naš glavni grad preimenovan u Titograd.
I oni koji danas ne gledaju blagonaklono na njegov lik i djelo, i u jednom dijelu opravdano kritikuju njegov odnos prema političkim neistomišljenicima, teško mogu osporiti činjenicu da je Josip Broz naznačajnija istorijska ličnost koja je potekla s ovih prostora, istakao je Vuković.
On je podsjetio da je Tito bio jedan od četvorice velikih vođa antifašističkog pokreta u Drugom svjetskom ratu, kreator najvećeg modernizacijskog preobražaja jugoslovenskih naroda u njihovoj istoriji, osnivač i predvodnik pokreta nesvrstanih, i državnik velikog međunarodnog ugleda, o čemu svjedoči i podatak da nijedan balkanski lider XX vijeka, ali ni većina evropskih, nije imao toliko susreta sa vođama tada najmoćnijih globalnih sila, SAD-om i Sovjetskim savezom.
Vuković je istako da je Tito, kao predsjednik Jugoslavije, posebno uvažavao doprinos Crne Gore u pobjedi nad fašizmom, i da je zahvaljujuci tome, naša država, u decenijama nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, doživjela sveukupan preporod.
Zaključno sa 1980-om, godinom njegove smrti, u Crnoj Gori je otvoreno 100 hiljada novih radnih mjesta, industrijska proizvodnja uvećana je 40 puta, nacionalni dohodak per capita porastao sa 50 na preko 1,800 američkih dolara, osnovane su sve značajnije institucije kulture, uključujuci univerzitet i akademiju nauka, i stvorena istinska intelektualna elita, zaključio je Vuković.
Ministar odbrane Predrag Bošković ocijenio je da su Crna Gora i Josip Broz Tito u Drugom svjetskom ratu neraskidivo povezani.
Tito je prepoznao crnogorsku iskru i uvažio njena prava, adekvatno je tretirajući za njenu borbu i doprinos slobodarskom svijetu, kazao je Bošković i istakao da u sjećanjima naroda ostaju oni ljudi koje nadžive vlastite ideje, snagom djela opiru se društvenom zaboravu, a postaju dio trajnog kolektivnog pamćenja.
Ministar je zaključio da, sa ove distance, mi nijesmo ni da sudimo ni da proslavljamo, već da cijenimo one vrijednosti koje su ostavile trajan pečat jednom vremenu, a borba protiv fašizma i ispravljanje nepravde nakon Prvog svjetskog rata paradigma su današnjeg opstanka i savremenih težnji.
U gradu koji je nekada nosio njegovo ime neka se uzdiže i ovo znamenje, kazao je Bošović, dodajući da je ovo spomenik ne samo Titu, već Crnoj Gori, njenom rađanju i ponovnom uspinjanju.
Na svečanoj ceremoniji otkrivanja spomenika govorili su i predsjednik Saveza udruženja boraca NOR-a i antifašista Crne Gore, akademik Zuvdija Hodžić, prof. dr Radovan Radonjić i predsjednica mladih antifašista Crne Gore Tijana Vidaković.
Odluku da se podigne spomenik Titu, donijela je Skupština Glavnog grada na predlog Vukovića.
U obrazloženju se navodi da inicijativa o podizanju spomenika Titu ne predstavlja jugonostalgiju, već dokaz da Crna Gora ostaje vjerna antifašističkoj orjentaciji.
Kontekst: Antifašistički spomenici Balkana
Prema nepotpunim podacima, u SFR Jugoslaviji podignuto je blizu 15.000 spomenika posvećenih Narodnooslobodilačkom ratu.
Mnogi su srušeni ili oštećeni u ratovima 90-ih i nakon njih. O antifašističkom naslijeđu, odnosu prema nedavnoj prošlosti i tekovinama borbe protiv fašizma u ovom dijelu svijeta u Kontekstu govore: Irena Škorić, TV rediteljica, autorica dokumentarnog filma Neželjena baština, Duško Radosavljević, predsjednik Saveza antifašista Vojvodine, i Bakir Nakaš, predsjednik Saveza antifašista i boraca Narodnooslobodilačkog rata (SABNOR) Bosne i Hercegovine.
Voditelj je Adnan Rondić, a emisiju je uredio Dragan Stanimirović.
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Josip Broz Tito
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SUMMARY
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Josip Broz (Cyrillic: Јосип Броз, pronounced [jǒsip brôːz]; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; Cyrillic: Тито, pronounced [tîto]), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and political leader, serving in various roles from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II, he was the leader of the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in occupied Europe. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, some historians consider him a benevolent dictator. He was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained further international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, alongside Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Sukarno of Indonesia, and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Austria-Hungary (now in Croatia). Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and subsequent Civil War. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).
He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–1980) and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–1945). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944–1963), President (later President for Life) (1953–1980) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, he received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.
Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from November 1942 until April 1992. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony in 1948 and the only one in Joseph Stalin's time to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program with elements of market socialism. Economists active in the former Yugoslavia, including Czech-born Jaroslav Vanek and Croat-born Branko Horvat, promoted a model of market socialism dubbed the Illyrian model, where firms were socially owned by their employees and structured on workers' self-management and competed with each other in open and free markets.
Užice: Inicijativa za vraćanje Titovog spomenika na Trg partizana
Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz Tito (born Josip Broz; Serbo-Croatian pronunciation: [jɔ̌sip brɔ̂ːz tîtɔ]; Јосип Броз Тито; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II he was the leader of the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in occupied Europe. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, Tito was seen by most as a benevolent dictator due to his successful economic and diplomatic policies and was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies successfully maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Sukarno of Indonesia.
He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1943–63), President (later President for Life) (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.
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