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Brazilian science and technology | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:02:09 1 History 00:05:37 1.1 During the Brazilian Empire 00:08:11 2 Organization 00:09:08 3 Sources of funding 00:11:47 4 Trends in science and technology 00:11:57 4.1 Creation of social organizations 00:14:10 4.2 Incentive measures and targets 00:16:52 4.3 Financial investment 00:19:25 4.4 Industrial research 00:19:34 4.4.1 Trends in innovation activity 00:26:28 4.4.2 Information technology 00:28:50 4.5 Government research priorities 00:34:52 4.6 Research output 00:37:06 5 Regional disparities 00:40:09 6 Timeline 00:44:13 7 Lists 00:44:22 7.1 Major universities 00:44:31 7.1.1 Public universities and institutes 00:48:34 7.1.2 Private universities 00:50:39 7.2 Research institutes 00:52:40 7.3 Scientific societies 00:53:17 7.4 Key Brazilian scientists 00:53:27 8 See also 00:53:49 9 Sources
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SUMMARY
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Science and technology in Brazil has entered the international arena in recent decades. The central agency for science and technology in Brazil is the Ministry of Science and Technology, which includes the CNPq and Finep. This ministry also has direct supervision over the National Institute for Space Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais — INPE), the National Institute of Amazonian Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia — INPA), and the National Institute of Technology (Brazil) (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia — INT). The ministry is also responsible for the Secretariat for Computer and Automation Policy (Portuguese: Secretaria de Política de Informática e Automação — SPIA), which is the successor of the SEI. The Ministry of Science and Technology, which the Sarney government created in March 1985, was headed initially by a person associated with the nationalist ideologies of the past. Although the new minister was able to raise the budget for the science and technology sector, he remained isolated within the government and had no influence on policy making for the economy. With the new ministry, the science and technology agencies increased in size but lost some of their former independence and flexibility, and they became more susceptible to patronage politics. Most of the resources of the CNPq were channeled to fellowship programs procedures for quality control and no mechanisms to make the fellows active in the country's science and technology institutions. New groups competed for resources and control of the country's agencies of science, technology, and higher education. These groups included political parties, unionized university professors and employees, scientific societies, and special interest groups within the scientific and technological community. The SBPC (Brazilian Society for Scientific Development) shed its image as a semi-autonomous association of scientists to become an active lobbyist for more public resources and the protection of national technology from international competition.