Ulugh Beg Observatory, Samarkand - Uzbekistan 4K Travel Channel
The Ulugh Beg Observatory in Samarkand is the visible proof of how far Central Asia was scientifically ahead of the Western world.
Ulugh Beg was one of the grandsons of the founder of the Timurid Empire Amir Temur. His father Shah-Ruchs prevailed in the riots around the throne succession and made Herat the new capital. So he appointed Ulugh Beg as governor of Samarkand.
After Ulugh Beg had already built the Ulugh Beg Madrasah and had gathered 70 scholars there, he built the observatory. It housed a brick sextant with a radius of 36 meters. The round three-storied building was 30 m high.
Together with the scholars Jamshīd al-Kāshī and Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī, he calculated the ecliptic, i.e. the angle between the circle of the annual orbit of the Sun and the equatorial plane. Between 1420 and 1437 they also created a star catalog with 1018 stars. Only in the second half of the 16th century, Tycho Brahe surpassed this star catalog in its accuracy.
After the murder of Ulugh Begs and the destruction of the observatory, the astronomer Ali Qushji escaped with a copy of the star charts and brought it to Tabriz. So the knowledge came via Istanbul to Europe.
Ulugh Beg was dethroned as ruler by his son Abd al-Latif in October 1449 and probably murdered on his behalf. For Ulugh Beg the science was very important. Thus he did not take it so literally with the reign and the religion. This was a thorn in the side of the clergy, Sufis, and dervishes. So, the Hodja (religious scholar) Ubaidullah Ahrar instigated the son of Ulugh Beg to his acts.
After the deposition, one sent Ulugh Beg on pilgrimage. On the way, he was arrested and executed and the observatory destroyed.
Ulugh Beg is the tragic hero of Samarkand. Realizing that knowledge was more important than faith because of the evidence of science, he had to pay with his life and in a certain way became a martyr of science.
Abu'l-Khayr Khan, the founder of the Bukhara Uzbek Khanate, took power in the Timurid Empire.
The underground part of the observatory was rediscovered and excavated in 1908 by the Russian archaeologist Vassily Lavrentyevich Vyatkin.
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Das Ulugh Beg Observatorium in Samarkand ist der sichtbare Beweis, wie weit Zentralasien der westlichen Welt wissenschaftlich voraus war.
Ulugh Beg war einer der Enkel des Gründers des Timuriden-Reichs Timur-Lenk. Sein Vater Shah-Ruchs setzte sich bei den Unruhen um die Thronnachfolge durch und machte Herat zur neuen Hauptstadt. Deshalb setzte er Ulugh Beg als Stadthalter in Samarkand ein.
Nachdem Ulug Beg bereits die Ulugh-Beg-Madrasa errichten lies und dort 70 Gelehrte versammelt hatte, lies er das Observatorium erbauen. Im Inneren befand sich ein gemauerter Sextant mit einem Radius von 36 m. Das Gebäude war rund, dreistöckig und 30 m hoch.
Er errechnete zusammen mit den Gelehrten Dschamschid Masʿud al-Kaschi und Qadi Zada die Ekliptik, d. h. den Winkel zwischen dem Kreis der jährlichen Bahn der Sonne und der Äquatorebene. Außerdem erstellten sie zwischen 1420 und 1437 einen Sternenkatalog mit 1018 Sternen. Dieser Sternenkatalog wurde in seiner Genauigkeit erst in der zweiten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts von Tycho Brahe übertroffen.
Nach der Ermordung Ulugh Begs und der Zerstörung des Observatorium konnte der Astronom Ali al-Quschdschi mit einer Kopie der Sterntafel entkommen und sie nach Täbris bringen. So kam das Wissen über Istanbul nach Europa.
Ulugh Beg wurde im Oktober 1449 von seinem Sohn Abd al-Latif als Herrscher abgesetzt und vermutlich in seinem Auftrag ermordet. Ulugh Beg war die Wissenschaft sehr wichtig. Deshalb nahm er es mit der Herrschaft und der Religion nicht so genau. Dies war der Geistlichkeit, den Sufis und Derwischen ein Dorn im Auge. Deshalb stiftete der Hodschas (Religionsgelehrter) Ubaidullah Ahrar den Sohn von Ulugh Beg zu seinen Taten an.
Nach der Absetzung wurde Ulugh Beg auf Pilgerreise geschickt, unterwegs festgenommen und hingerichtet. Das Observatorium wurde zerstört.
Ulugh Beg ist der tragische Held von Samarkand. Weil er erkannte, dass das Wissen aufgrund der Beweise der Wissenschaft wichtiger waren als der Glaube, musste er mit seinem Leben bezahlen und wurde praktisch zum Märtyrer der Wissenschaft.
Abu I-Chair Khan, der Gründer des Usbeken-Khanats aus Buchara übernahm die Macht im Timuriden-Reich
Der unterirdische Teil des Observatoriums wurde 1908 vom russischen Archäologen Vassily Lavrentyevich Vyatkin wiederentdeckt und ausgegraben.
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weitere Infos im Reisevideoblog:
Ulugh Beg Observatory, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Ulugh Beg Observatory, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Ulugh Beg - Sultan of the Stars (Samarkand's Observatory)
Ulugh Beg, which means “great prince,” was a title that replaced his original name, Muhammad Taragay. He was raised at the court of his grandfather, Tamerlane, and from 1409 was the ruler of Maverannakhr, the chief city of which was Samarkand.
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Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane. Ulugh Beg was primarily a scientist, in particular a mathematician and an astronomer. However, he certainly did not neglect the arts, writing poetry and history and studying the Qur'an. In 1417, to push forward the study of astronomy, Ulugh Beg began building a madrasah which is a centre for higher education. The madrasah, fronting the Rigestan Square in Samarkand, was completed in 1420 and Ulugh Beg then began to appoint the best scientists he could find to positions there as lecturers.
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The Ulugh Beg Observatory is an observatory in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.Built in the 1420s by the Timurid astronomer Ulugh Beg, it is considered by scholars to have been one of the finest observatories in the Islamic world.Some of the famous Islamic astronomers who worked at the observatory include Al-Kashi, Ali Qushji, and Ulugh Beg himself.The observatory was destroyed in 1449 and rediscovered in 1908.
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【K】Uzbekistan Travel-Samarkand[우즈베키스탄 여행-사마르칸트]울루그베그 천문대/Ulugh Beg Observatory/Registan Square
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[한국어 정보]
모래 광장이란 뜻의 레기스탄 광장은 옛 사마르칸트의 중심지로 왕의 알현식과 공공집회가 열렸던 곳. 15세기부터 17세기에 지어진 3개의 메드레세로 둘러싸여 있는데 그 중 가장 오래된 것은 아무르테무르의 손자 울루그베크가 세운 메드레세. 입구에는 학예를 연마하는 것은 모든 이슬람인들의 임무라고 쓰여 있다. 이곳이 테무르제국 학술연구의 근원지였던 곳이다. 특히 아무르 테미르의 손자 울루그베크는 천문학에서도 뛰어난 능력을 발휘했다고 한다. 1428년부터 2년여에 걸쳐 건축된 울루그베크 천문대는 현재 일부분만 남아있지만, 당시 이곳에서 태양, 달, 행성의 고도를 정밀하게 측정하여 정한 1년이 오늘날과 1분 정도밖에 차이가 나지 않는다니, 과거 테무르 제국의 높은 과학 수준이 놀라울 뿐이다.
[English: Google Translator]
Registan Square in Samarkand sandy square is a mean old king of the throne of expression and public gathering places are held by the center. The 15th century is surrounded by three medeurese built in the 17th century, is the oldest of her grandson, Ulu medeurese that Beck has built the Amur temureu. Entrance has written that it is the duty of every Muslim to hone the arts and sciences. This place is the place of origin was temureu empire academic research. In particular, the grandson of the Amur Te Oulu that Beck has demonstrated an excellent ability to Mir in astronomy. Oulu since 1428, but that was built over a two-year Beckman Observatory is now only a part remain in place at the time of the sun, moon and attend a year of highly precise measurements of the planet that does not make a difference set out today with one minute , the high scientific level of past empires temureu just amazing.
[Uzbek: Google Translator]
Samarqand qumli maydonda Registon maydoni markazida tomonidan o'tkaziladi ifoda va jamoat yig'ish joylarda taxtiga o'rtacha eski shoh. 15-asr 17-asrda qurilgan uch medeurese tomonidan o'rab olingan, uning nabirasi eng qadimgi hisoblanadi, Ulu Beck Amur temureu qurilgan, deb medeurese. Kirish u san'at va fanlar bilmayman uchun har bir musulmon uchun farzdir, deb yozgan edi. Bu joy chiqqan joy temureu imperiyasi akademik tadqiqot edi. Xususan, Amur Te Oulu nabirasi Beck astronomik Mir uchun mukammal qobiliyatini namoyish qildi. 1428 yildan beri Oulu, lekin bu ikki yil Beckman rasadxonasi ustida qurilgan endi faqat bir qismidir Quyosh, Oy vaqtida joyda qoladi va belgilangan farq qilmaydi sayyoramizning juda aniq o'lchov bir yil ishtirok bugun bir daqiqa bilan, o'tgan imperiyalar yuqori ilmiy darajasi nafaqat ajoyib temureu.
[Information]
■클립명: 아시아033-우즈베키스탄01-05 레기스탄 광장, 울루그베그 천문대/Ulugh Beg Observatory/Registan Square/Madrasah
■여행, 촬영, 편집, 원고: 현상용 PD (travel, filming, editing, writing: KBS TV Producer)
■촬영일자: 2006년 8월 August
[Keywords]
,아시아,Asia,,우즈베키스탄,Uzbekistan,Ozbekiston,우즈베키스탄 공화국,현상용,2006,8월 August,,,,
Ulugh Beg - Sultan of the Stars (Samarkand's Observatory)
Ulugh Beg, which means “great prince,” was a title that replaced his original name, Muhammad Taragay. He was raised at the court of his grandfather, Tamerlane, and from 1409 was the ruler of Maverannakhr, the chief city of which was Samarkand.
Ulugh Beg was the grandson of the conqueror Timur, who is often known as Tamerlane. Ulugh Beg was primarily a scientist, in particular a mathematician and an astronomer. However, he certainly did not neglect the arts, writing poetry and history and studying the Qur'an. In 1417, to push forward the study of astronomy, Ulugh Beg began building a madrasah which is a centre for higher education. The madrasah, fronting the Rigestan Square in Samarkand, was completed in 1420 and Ulugh Beg then began to appoint the best scientists he could find to positions there as lecturers.
Tours-TV.com: Ulugh Beg Observatory
The magnificent building of Ulugh Beg Observatory was erected in 1428-1429. Those days there was not equal in the world. Round building accommodated a great tool - marble sextant for observation the Moon, the Sun and planets. Uzbekistan : Samarkand. See on map
Authentic UZBEKISTAN FOOD + ANCIENT SITES Tour | Samarkand, Uzbekistan
y adventures in Samarkand continued with a tour of the local ancient sites and some delicious, authentic Uzbekistan food. Come along with me as I explore Samarkand!
I started at Registan Square, which is bounded by the Ulugh Beg Madrasah, the Tilya-Kori Madrasah, and Sher-Dor Madrasah. Samarkand was the most important city along the Silk Road in Central Asia.
Registan is considered the heart of Samarkand. On its western side is Tilya-Kori Madrasah, which contains a mosque! The inside of its dome is gold-plated and painted in beautiful blue and gold. It’s covered in Arabic scripture from the Koran.
Next, we visited the Ulugh Beg Madrasah. On the second floor is an open-air terrace that’s also a hallway. From there, we had an awesome view of the courtyard below. We were near the students’ dormitories. The students came here already knowing the Koran and then chose what they wanted to study.
Then, we headed over to the Mausoleum of Amir Timur, a conquerer and king who founded the Timurid Empire in Central Asia. A 2-minute taxi ride there cost 10,000 som/$1.05 USD.
It costs 25,000 som/$2.63 USD for foreigners to enter the mausoleum, while Uzbeks pay 1,000 som/$0.10 USD. There was a beautiful courtyard and I could see an irrigation system. It didn’t look finished, or like part of it had been destroyed. There was a dome, two minarets, and the foundation of an old madrasah that was destroyed.
We headed to the tomb, where Amir Timur’s spiritual teacher is buried. Timur is also buried there along with the most important people in his life. There’s also an unknown tomb there. No one knows why it’s there! At the back of the tomb is the crypt, but only VIPs are allowed inside.
Next, we visited the Ulugh Beg Observatory at the Complex Museum of Mirzo Ulugbek. The observatory is where the Timurid astronomer Mirzo Ulugh Beg viewed the stars. In the museum are paintings of him and his colleagues, along with 15th-century astronomy instruments and models.
After another $1 USD ride, we arrived at the Shah-i-Zinda Necropolis. It’s made up of gorgeous temples, mausoleums, and other buildings from the 11th to 19th centuries.
There are 11 tombs in the necropolis in total! At the end is the mausoleum of the cousin of the prophet Muhammad!
We entered the Kusam Ibn Abbas Complex, which was built between the 11th and 13th centuries. It consists of a mosque, mausoleum, and prey room. His tomb was behind a sort of window. The mausoleum was so beautiful and colorful, and the tilework has lasted 7 centuries!
Next, it was time to go to Samarkand Restaurant for lunch! They served bread, a fritter, a pepper, eggplant with salad, cauliflower, a Greek-like salad, and stuffed zucchini. The zucchini was moist and crunchy on the outside.
The fritter felt like a vegetable omelet, while the pepper was refreshing and not spicy at all. The ham salad contained peas and potatoes, and there was a Greek-like salad of tomatoes, cottage cheese, and olives next to it.
The fried cauliflower was like the ultimate cauliflower! Next was a fluffy, crunchy, and airy Samarkand-style somsa, which was denser and rounder than others I’d had. There were tender meat and onions inside. Then, I had a soup called Nohot Shurva with chickpeas, carrots, potatoes, and a huge piece of beef! The chickpeas absorbed the broth and the beef was fresh, tender, and buttery!
Next, we had some local Bagizagan Select 2009 Merlot, which was very young, fresh, and fruity. The Samarkand plov was made with brown rice with carrots on top instead of throughout. It also contained raisins, chickpeas, and beef. I loved how fruity and sweet it was!
I hope you enjoyed exploring Samarkand with me! If you did, please give this video a thumbs up and leave a comment. Also, please subscribe to my channel so you don’t miss any of my upcoming travel/food adventures!
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Uzbekistan's second largest city Samarkand - a Silk Road treasure - life
Samarkand is the same age as Ancient Rome, and has been destroyed several times. The city has...
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Samarkand is the same age as Ancient Rome, and has been destroyed several times. The city has witnessed the invading forces of Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan.
But, like the Phoenix rising from the ashes, this city always bounced back.
Samarkand is the second largest city in Uzbekistan, and is more than 2,700 years old. Founded in 700 BC by the Sogdians, it has been the capital of several different empires.
Some scholars say its name means rich city'', others a place where people meet, and in Persian it's known as the stone city.
Guide Armida Nazaryan elaborated: Samarkand has always played one of the most important roles in the Silk Road's many routes because of its favourable geographic location in the heart of the Silk Road. It has traditionally been a crossing point for the east and west.
The first merchants from China appeared in Samarkand around the second century BC. They were particularly interested in local horses.
For centuries the Samarkand markets were among the most famous markets on the Silk Road. Historian Fazlitdin Fahritdinov said: There was a special market for silk tissue, and another for coloured tissue. In fact, we're speaking not just about simple markets, but about very large wholesale markets.
The trade infrastructure here in Samarkand was probably better-developed than anywhere else on the Silk Road, and that's why various rulers in different eras chose our city as their empires' capital.
The most famous ruler to proclaim Samarkand as the capital of his mighty empire was the Great Timur, known mostly by the nickname 'Tamerlan'.
He hired the best architects and engineers, intending to create the most beautiful capital in the world. Legends about this 'fairy-tale city' spread from Europe to China.
Masterpieces from the Timur era, as well as the ruins of his summer residence in Shahrisabz, 80 kilometres from Samarkand, are UNESCO World Heritage-listed sites.
Timur liked to repeat one particular phrase: one can see the might of my empire by looking at the buildings I create, said Nazaryan. The reason Samarkand looks the way it does today is mostly thanks to Timur and his successors (timurids).
Located in the heart of modern Samarkand, this Madrasah is part of the heritage established by Timur's grandson, Ulugh Beg.
He was a scholar himself, and created one of the most advanced, educational institutions of his time in this region. The best teachers from different countries came here to give classes.
Another wonder left by Ulugh Beg is his Observatory, which he constructed on one of the Samarkand hills. Only the underground part of the giant sextant has been preserved.
With the help of this instrument, Ulugh Beg calculated how the planets move every year; the length of a year; and the distance between 1,018 different stars, explained Nazaryan.
It is dawn and the stars can still be seen in the sky when the Siab market opens. Established in the days of the Silk Road, the market sells the local flatbread - a real treasure.
Legend has it that the Great Timur once asked for the bread during a journey far from home, but the taste was not the same. The cook was granted a pardon because one major ingredient was lacking, over which he had no control - the air of Samarkand.
This flatbread can only be cooked here, said Kadirova. People travel here from other cities, especially to buy it. They even come from Tashkent. It would never be possible to make this kind of bread in other cities.
A thread of silk still connects modern Samarkand with the time of the Silk Road.
This fabric, produced in the region, is used to create handmade carpets. It takes months or sometimes years to make one silk masterpiece, which can then be preserved for centuries, according to carpet-weaver, Klara Shukurova.
Every carpet carries a history, and some of the patterns have existed since the times of the Silk Road, she said.
The El Merosi theatre offers another way to really feel the city's history. Its historic fashion show presents costumes from different eras in Samarkand's past. Designers used archaeological discoveries as inspiration for their designs.
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History of Ulugh Beg Last Ruler of Timurid Dynasty in Urdu & Hindi
Ulughbek observatory in Samarkand
ANCIENT ASTRONOMER - Mirzo Ulugbek
Brief visit to the Ulugbek Museum in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. One of the great ancient scholars and astronomers.
Amazing Uzbek Food in Samarkand - GIANT 21 METER Kebab Grill + Ancient Uzbekistan!
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Uzbekistan Day 4: Full historical sights and food tour of Samarkand, Uzbekistan!
Samarkand is a monumental city of history and food that played a major role along the Silk Road, in between China and the Mediterranean. It’s a city of fascinating history, giant plates of plov, and incredible kebabs.
Gur-e Amir Сomplex - To begin this full tour of Samarkand, we started in the morning at Gur-e Amir Сomplex, the tomb and mausoleum of Amir Timur, the founding father of Samarkand, responsible for building much of the ancient remains of the city. The tomb complex from the outside is impressive, but the inside will blow you away.
Registan - There’s no square more monumental and grand in scale than Registan, the center of the ancient city. You’ll find madrasas and mosques, all of which are intricately decorated and magnificent.
Siab Bazaar - A short walk from Registan is Siab Bazaar, right outside Bibi-Khanym Mosque. At the market we stopped to have tea with one of Bekruz’s friends and tasted some nuts and dried fruit. The apricot seeds were new for me, and the dried apricots were spectacular.
Osh Markazi - There’s no better place to eat plov, the national dish of Uzbekistan, when you’re in Samarkand than Osh Markazi. Samarkand plov is notable for the rice being cooked in flax-seed oil with yellow carrots and beef. It was one of the best meals and dishes I had in my entire trip to Uzbekistan.
Total price - 140,000 UZS ($17.17)
Ulugh Beg Observatory - At its time of being built by Ulugh Beg, it was one of the most advanced and important astronomy observatories in the world.
Domashnii Restaurant - We didn’t stay long at the observatory because right behind it you’ll find Domashnii Restaurant, a local restaurant that specializes in chickpeas and lamb. The dish is so comforting and both the lamb and chickpeas melt in your mouth.
Price - 74,00 UZS ($9.08)
Ikrom Shashlik - Next we went to eat Samarkand kebabs, again some of the best kebabs I had on my entire trip to Uzbekistan. The bull testicles and minced meat kebabs were great, but the highlight was the skewer of alternating thin lamb meat and fat. As I was leaving they told me their grill was 21 meters long and the grillmaster had been grilling there for over 20 years.
Price - 7,000 UZS ($0.86) per kebab
Shah-i-Zinda - At about 5 pm we arrived to Shah-i-Zinda, another masterful tomb complex that includes one of the top sights of Samarkand: the turquoise alley of tombs. The turquoise and blue mosaic will make your jaw-drop.
Home-cooked dinner - Finally to end this incredible food and sights tour of Samarkand we went to a family home restaurant where we enjoyed a simple local meal in a family home courtyard. It was the perfect ending to an incredible day in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.
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Weddings and Restaurant Samarkand - Uzbekistan 4K Travel Channel
On this day we want to eat in the Restaurant Samarkand. Right next to it there is a small park with a Madonna monument. The space in front of it is often used by wedding couples for photo shoots.
We use the opportunity to take some pictures. Everybody was very friendly. Even if some persons look very strict, some asked us to film them. Presumably, the stern look was due to the wedding stress.
Apparently, the wedding is as important in the life of the Uzbeks, as we have already experienced in Kyrgyzstan. We wish all wedding couples the very best for their future lives.
Afterward, we changed back to the Restaurant Samarkand. The facade and the entrance area convey a pompous impression. In the restaurant, there are several premises where you can eat.
Outside on the terrace or in the large two-story dining room. On the upper floor there is also a larger hall and along a balcony, there are smaller private rooms for closed groups.
The food is tasty and typical of the country. Here one can observe well, how women take out a plastic bag and pay with bundles of money. Because in this currency you always carry a lot of bank notes. Fortunately, our loyal companion Sirojiddin Hujamuratov has solved this issue for us.
Here we can get an impression of the Uzbek joie de vivre. Some guests dance spontaneously in the dining room. The dance interludes we show in the video are definitely worth seeing!
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An diesem Tag wollen wir im Restaurant Samarkand essen. Direkt daneben gibt es aber einen kleinen Park mit einem Madonnen-Denkmal. Der Platz davor, wird gerne von Hochzeitspaaren zum Fotoshooting genutzt.
Wir nutzen diese Gelegenheit um auch einige Stimmungsbilder aufzunehmen. Obwohl einige Personen streng geschaut haben waren alle doch sehr freundlich und haben uns sogar zum Filmen aufgefordert. Die strengen Blicke waren vermutlich dem Hochzeitsstress geschuldet.
Offensichtlich ist die Hochzeit im Leben der Usbeken genau so wichtig wie wir es bereits in Kirgisistan erlebt haben. Wir wünschen auf diesem Wege allen Hochzeitpaaren das Allerbeste für den zukünftigen Lebensweg.
Anschließend wechselten wir wieder in das Restaurant Samarkand. Die Fassade und der Eingangsbereich hinterlassen einen pompösen Eindruck. Im Restaurant gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten, wo man etwas essen kann.
Außen auf der Terrasse oder im großen zweigeschossigen Speisesaal. Im Obergeschoss gibt es auch noch einen größeren Saal und längs der Veranda kleinere Separees für geschlossene Gruppen.
Das Essen ist schmackhaft und landestypisch. Hier kann man gut beobachten, wie Frauen ihre Plastiktüte hervorholen und mit Bündeln von Geld bezahlen. Denn in dieser Währung trägt man immer viele Scheine mit sich. Uns hat diese Problem glücklicherweise unser treuer Begleiter Sirojiddin Hujamuratov abgenommen.
Hier erhalten wir einen Eindruck von der Usbekischen Lebensfreude. Spontan wird hier im Speisesaal getanzt. Die im Video gezeigten Tanzeinlagen sind durchaus sehr sehenswert!
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weitere Infos im Reisevideoblog:
The entrance to the Observatory of Ulugbek in Samarkand
The story of Ulugh Begh
Our great ancestor Ulugh Beg.
Movie made with useful information. Please watch and follow!
Samarkand , Uzbekistan , Central Asia
Samarkand – Crossroad of Cultures
The historic town of Samarkand is a crossroad and melting pot of the world's cultures. Founded in the 7th century B.C. as ancient Afrasiab, Samarkand had its most significant development in the Timurid period from the 14th to the 15th centuries. The major monuments include the Registan Mosque and madrasas, Bibi-Khanum Mosque, the Shakhi-Zinda compound and the Gur-Emir ensemble, as well as Ulugh-Beg's Observatory. To get more information go to
Samarkand history
Looking for tours to Uzbekistan - Peopletravel is your best choice! The history of Samarkand goes back thousands of years.
Samarkand is one of the oldest cities in the world, the center of the historic area and the state Sogdiana, the second largest city of Uzbekistan.
More than two thousand years the city was a key point on the Silk Road between China and Europe, as well as one of the main centers of science of the medieval East.
Uzbekistan's second largest city Samarkand a Silk Road treasure life
Samarkand is the same age as Ancient Rome, and has been destroyed several times. The city has...
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Samarkand is the same age as Ancient Rome, and has been destroyed several times. The city has witnessed the invading forces of Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan.
But, like the Phoenix rising from the ashes, this city always bounced back.
Samarkand is the second largest city in Uzbekistan, and is more than 2,700 years old. Founded in 700 BC by the Sogdians, it has been the capital of several different empires.
Some scholars say its name means rich city'', others a place where people meet, and in Persian it's known as the stone city.
Guide Armida Nazaryan elaborated: Samarkand has always played one of the most important roles in the Silk Road's many routes because of its favourable geographic location in the heart of the Silk Road. It has traditionally been a crossing point for the east and west.
The first merchants from China appeared in Samarkand around the second century BC. They were particularly interested in local horses.
For centuries the Samarkand markets were among the most famous markets on the Silk Road. Historian Fazlitdin Fahritdinov said: There was a special market for silk tissue, and another for coloured tissue. In fact, we're speaking not just about simple markets, but about very large wholesale markets.
The trade infrastructure here in Samarkand was probably better-developed than anywhere else on the Silk Road, and that's why various rulers in different eras chose our city as their empires' capital.
The most famous ruler to proclaim Samarkand as the capital of his mighty empire was the Great Timur, known mostly by the nickname 'Tamerlan'.
He hired the best architects and engineers, intending to create the most beautiful capital in the world. Legends about this 'fairy-tale city' spread from Europe to China.
Masterpieces from the Timur era, as well as the ruins of his summer residence in Shahrisabz, 80 kilometres from Samarkand, are UNESCO World Heritage-listed sites.
Timur liked to repeat one particular phrase: one can see the might of my empire by looking at the buildings I create, said Nazaryan. The reason Samarkand looks the way it does today is mostly thanks to Timur and his successors (timurids).
Located in the heart of modern Samarkand, this Madrasah is part of the heritage established by Timur's grandson, Ulugh Beg.
He was a scholar himself, and created one of the most advanced, educational institutions of his time in this region. The best teachers from different countries came here to give classes.
Another wonder left by Ulugh Beg is his Observatory, which he constructed on one of the Samarkand hills. Only the underground part of the giant sextant has been preserved.
With the help of this instrument, Ulugh Beg calculated how the planets move every year; the length of a year; and the distance between 1,018 different stars, explained Nazaryan.
It is dawn and the stars can still be seen in the sky when the Siab market opens. Established in the days of the Silk Road, the market sells the local flatbread - a real treasure.
Legend has it that the Great Timur once asked for the bread during a journey far from home, but the taste was not the same. The cook was granted a pardon because one major ingredient was lacking, over which he had no control - the air of Samarkand.
This flatbread can only be cooked here, said Kadirova. People travel here from other cities, especially to buy it. They even come from Tashkent. It would never be possible to make this kind of bread in other cities.
A thread of silk still connects modern Samarkand with the time of the Silk Road.
This fabric, produced in the region, is used to create handmade carpets. It takes months or sometimes years to make one silk masterpiece, which can then be preserved for centuries, according to carpet-weaver, Klara Shukurova.
Every carpet carries a history, and some of the patterns have existed since the times of the Silk Road, she said.
The El Merosi theatre offers another way to really feel the city's history. Its historic fashion show presents costumes from different eras in Samarkand's past. Designers used archaeological discoveries as inspiration for their designs.