Chaco Culture National Historical Park - Nageezi, New Mexico
Chaco Culture National Historical Park is both a unit of the National Park Service and recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. For 250 years starting around 900AD, Chaco Canyon, in northwestern New Mexico, was a major center for the Ancestral Puebloans.
Several great houses and other complexes were built, many of which were aligned with solar and lunar patterns. These were quite large, remaining the largest buildings in North America until the 1800s. Today the park is home to the largest concentration of ancient pueblo ruins in the United States.
The Photos (in order)
N05A1487 - Pueblo Bonito ruins from the Pueblo Alto Trail
N05A1407 - Pueblo Bonito ruins
N05A1463 - The restored Great Kiva of Chetro Ketl
N05A1517 - Chetro Ketl ruins from the Pueblo Alto Trail
N05A1476 - Kin Kletso ruins from the Pueblo Alto Trail
N05A1498 - New Alto ruins
N05A1388 - Una Vida is one of several petroglyphs sites in the park
N05A1536 - Pueblo del Arroyo ruins
New Mexico Travel: Chaco Culture National Historical Park--A Great New Mexico Travel Idea!
New Mexico Travel: Chaco Culture National Historical Park--A Great New Mexico Travel Idea!
New Mexico Travel Mill presents this video of highlights from Chaco Culture National Historical Park, located in Chaco Canyon in northwestern New Mexico in the United States. The park is located in the Four Corners region--so called because it is the area where the borders of the states of Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado meet.
Chaco Canyon was home to ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) people from about 850 A.D. -1250 A.D. and remains a place of spiritual and cultural significance to the Native Americans of the southwestern U.S. today. The park includes six major cultural sites: Una Vida, Hungo Pavi, Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl, Pueblo del Arroyo, and Casa Rinconada.
The video includes an animated, aerial view of Una Vida, Hungo Pavi, Chetro Ketl, and Pueblo Bonito (the center of the Chacoan world). This perspective allows you do have an overview of Chaco Canyon and see how the sites are situated with respect to each other and the surrounding land.
You will also see video of many of the sites of the park: the ruins of several Great Houses--large complexes of up to 700 rooms; kivas--ceremonial areas; plazas; and petroglyphs (rock carvings) on the Petroglyph Trail. Some of the sites have been excavated and others have not. You will see ancient stairways, windows, rooms, plazas, and vast multi-story structures.
If you are looking for New Mexico travel ideas, consider visiting the Chaco Culture National Historic Park. Explore the canyon by car, hike by foot, or ride your bicycle with guided or self-guided tours. Your vacation is sure to be educational and fun!
Chaco Culture National Historical Park, National Park Service video
Chaco Canyon National Historical Park - New Mexico USA video
Inside Pueblo Bonito Indian Ruin at Chaco Culture National Historic Park video
Wikipedia, Chaco Culture National Historical Park
TripAdvisor, Chaco Culture National Historical Park
National Park Service, Chaco Culture National Historical Park
Frommer's, Chaco Culture National Historical Park
UNESCO World Heritage Centre, Chaco Culture National Historical Park
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HISTORICAL PLACES OF NEW MEXICO STATE,U S A IN GOOGLE EARTH PART TWO ( 2/3 )
HISTORICAL PLACES OF NEW MEXICO STATE,USA PART TWO (2/3)
1. PHOENIX EARTHSHIP,TRES PIEDRAS 36°31'10.51N 105°45'27.79W (M)
2. BANDERA VOLCANO,GRANTS 35° 0'0.72N 108° 5'0.46W
3. MUSEUM & EXPLORA ,ALBUQUERQUE 35° 5'52.71N 106°39'55.80W
4. GILLA CLIFF DWELLINGS,SILVER CITY 33°13'39.74N 108°16'7.50W
5. PECOS NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK,PECOS 35°32'52.59N 105°41'18.89W
6. TARGET,TATUM 33°21'58.97N 103°35'6.48W
7. TARGET,JAL 32° 4'58.96N 103°39'47.50W
8. TARGET,TATUM 33°12'22.66N 103°35'5.17W
9. CHURCH,ALBUQUERQUE 35° 4'28.66N 106°34'58.50W
10. LOST GOLD OF VICTORIO PEAK,LAS CRUCES 32°55'27.20N 106°38'29.36W
11. CORONADO HISTORIC SITE,BERNALILLO 35°19'49.41N 106°33'26.56W
12. PUEBLO DEL ARROYO (AD 1050 TO 1075),NAGEEZI 36° 3'40.43N 107°57'56.46W
13. SALINAS PUEBLO RUINS,ABO 34°26'59.22N 106°22'30.22W
14. ST.FRANCIS CATHEDRAL,SANTA FE 35°41'10.95N 105°56'10.85W
15. CASA RINCONADA,NAGEEZI 36° 3'16.87N 107°57'32.92W
16. RATTLER WOODEN ROLLER COASTER,ALBUQUERQUE 35° 8'35.84N 106°35'15.56W
17. ROSWELL UFO MUSEUM,ROSWELL 33°23'36.84N 104°31'23.07W
18. PUEBLO BONITO (650 ROOMS),NAGEEZI 36° 3'38.61N 107°57'41.65W
19. TARGET, CAPROCK 33°20'7.78N 103°45'25.91W
20. UNA VIDA (AD 900 ),NAGEEZI 36° 2'0.55N 107°54'43.46W
21. TRINITY SITE,SAN ANTONIO 33°40'39.76N 106°28'30.00W
22. OLD STATE CAPITOL,SANTA FE 35°41'1.65N 105°56'30.27W
Chaco Canyon New Mexico Pueblo Native American City
Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park hosting the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest. The park is located in northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, in a remote canyon cut by the Chaco Wash. Containing the most sweeping collection of ancient ruins north of Mexico, the park preserves one of the United States' most important pre-Columbian cultural and historical areas.[2]
Between AD 900 and 1150, Chaco Canyon was a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples.[a] Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes which remained the largest buildings in North America until the 19th century.[2][4] Evidence of archaeoastronomy at Chaco has been proposed, with the Sun Dagger petroglyph at Fajada Butte a popular example. Many Chacoan buildings may have been aligned to capture the solar and lunar cycles,[5] requiring generations of astronomical observations and centuries of skillfully coordinated construction.[6] Climate change is thought to have led to the emigration of Chacoans and the eventual abandonment of the canyon, beginning with a fifty-year drought commencing in 1130.[7]
Composing a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the arid and sparsely populated Four Corners region, the Chacoan cultural sites are fragile; fears of erosion caused by tourists have led to the closure of Fajada Butte to the public. The sites are considered sacred ancestral homelands by the Hopi and Pueblo people, who maintain oral accounts of their historical migration from Chaco and their spiritual relationship to the land.[8][9] Though park preservation efforts can conflict with native religious beliefs, tribal representatives work closely with the National Park Service to share their knowledge and respect the heritage of the Chacoan culture.[8]
Chaco Canyon Culture NHP National Historical Park Ancient Ancestral Pueblo World Heritage Chacoan
Chaco Culture NHP Canyon National Historical Park Ancient Ancestral Pueblo World Heritage Chacoan
Chaco Canyon
National Historical Park
New Mexico USA
Chaco Culture NHP
Nageezi, NM 87037
USA
Chacoan People
The Center of Chacoan Culture
For all the wild beauty of Chaco Canyon's high-desert landscape, its long winters, short growing seasons, and marginal rainfall create an unlikely place for a major center of ancestral Puebloan culture to take root and flourish. Yet this valley was the center of a thriving culture a thousand years ago. The monumental scale of its architecture, the complexity of its community life, the high level of its community social organization, and its far-reaching commerce created a cultural vision unlike any other seen before or since.
The cultural flowering of the Chacoan people began in the mid 800s and lasted more than 300 years. We can see it clearly in the grand scale of the architecture. Using masonry techniques unique for their time, they constructed massive stone buildings (Great Houses) of multiple stories containing hundreds of rooms much larger than any they had previously built. The buildings were planned from the start, in contrast to the usual practiced of adding rooms to existing structures as needed. Constructions on some of these buildings spanned decades and even centuries. Although each is unique, all great houses share architectural features that make them recognizable as Chacoan.
During the middle and late 800s, the great houses of Pueblo Bonito, Una Vida, and Peñasco Blanco were constructed, followed by Hungo Pavi, Chetro Ketl, Pueblo Alto, and others. These structures were often oriented to solar, lunar, and cardinal directions. Lines of sight between the great houses allowed communication. Sophisticated astronomical markers, communication features, water control devices, and formal earthen mounds surrounded them. The buildings were placed within a landscape surrounded by sacred mountains, mesas, and shrines that still have deep spiritual meaning for their descendants.
By 1050, Chaco had become the ceremonial, administrative, and economic center of the San Juan Basin. Its sphere of influence was extensive. Dozens of great houses in Chaco Canyon were connected by roads to more than 150 great houses throughout the region. It is thought that the great houses were not traditional farming villages occupied by large populations. They may instead have been impressive examples of public architecture that were used periodically during times of ceremony, commerce, and trading when temporary populations came to the canyon for these events.
What was at the heart of this great social experiment? Pueblo descendants say that Chaco was a special gathering place where many peoples and clans converged to share their ceremonies, traditions, and knowledge. Chaco is central to the origins of several Navajo clans and ceremonies. Chaco is also an enduring enigma for researchers. Was Chaco the hub of a turquoise-trading network established to acquire macaws, copper bells, shells, and other commodities from distant lands? Did Chaco distribute food and resources to growing populations when the climate failed them? Was Chaco the center place, binding a region together by a shared vision? We may never fully understand Chaco.
In the 1100s and 1200s, change came to Chaco as new construction slowed and Chaco's role as a regional center shifted. Chaco's influence continued at Aztec, Mesa Verde, the Chuska Mountains, and other centers to the north, south, and west. In time, the people shifted away from Chacoan ways, migrated to new areas, reorganized their world, and eventually interacted with foreign cultures. Their descendants are the modern Southwest Indians. Many Southwest Indian people look upon Chaco as an important stop along their clans' sacred migration paths-a spiritual place to be honored and respected.
Credit
Navajo Nation, NPS, NHP and all Native Americans
CONTACT THE PARK
Mailing Address:
PO Box 220
Nageezi, NM 87037
Phone:
(505) 786-7014
Music
trac 1
Artist Dizaro
Song On The Road
soundcloud.com/dizarofr
trac 2
Artist Dizaro
Song Rain Dance
soundcloud.com/dizarofr
trac 3
Artist Ehrling
Song Breeze
soundcloud.com/ehrling
trac 4
Artist Dizaro
Song Night Stroll
soundcloud.com/dizarofr
trac 5
Artist Ikson
Song Stardust
soundcloud.com/ikson
trac 6
Artist Ikson
Song Tide
soundcloud.com/ikson
trac 7
Artist Ikson
Song Windy
soundcloud.com/ikson
trac 8
Artist Simon More
Song Relax
Jon Olsson vlog
soundcloud.com/user-73416670
trac 9
Artist Simon More
Song Somewhere In Nature
soundcloud.com/user-73416670
a looknavigator film
produced by
looknavigator
© 2018
looknavigator
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
7.20.18
Thank You
America for our
National Park
Service
credit NPS
State of New Mexico USA
Chaco Culture NHP
BLM, BOR
THANK YOU
LOOKNAVIGATOR
Chaco Canyon 2 Culture NHP National Historical Park Ancient Ancestral Pueblo World Heritage Music
Chaco Canyon
National Historical Park
New Mexico USA
Chaco Culture NHP
Nageezi, NM 87037
USA
Chacoan People
The Center of Chacoan Culture
For all the wild beauty of
Chaco Canyon's high-desert l
andscape, its long winters,
short growing seasons, and
marginal rainfall create an unlikely
place for a major center of
ancestral Puebloan culture
to take root and flourish.
Yet this valley was the center
of a thriving culture a
thousand years ago.
The monumental scale of its
architecture, the complexity
of its community life, the high
level of its community social
organization, and its far-reaching
commerce created a cultural
vision unlike any other
seen before or since.
The cultural flowering of the
Chacoan people began in the
mid 800s and lasted more
than 300 years.
We can see it clearly in the
grand scale of the architecture.
Using masonry techniques unique
for their time, they constructed
massive stone buildings
(Great Houses) of multiple stories
containing hundreds of rooms
much larger than any they had
previously built.
The buildings were planned
from the start, in contrast to
the usual practiced of adding
rooms to existing
structures as needed.
Constructions on some of these
buildings spanned decades
and even centuries.
Although each is unique,
all great houses share architectural
features that make them
recognizable as Chacoan.
During the middle and late
800s, the great houses of
Pueblo Bonito, Una Vida, and
Peñasco Blanco were constructed,
followed by Hungo Pavi, Chetro Ketl,
Pueblo Alto, and others.
These structures were often
oriented to solar, lunar, and
cardinal directions.
Lines of sight between the great
houses allowed communication.
Sophisticated astronomical markers,
communication features, water
control devices, and formal earthen
mounds surrounded them.
The buildings were placed
within a landscape surrounded by
sacred mountains, mesas,
and shrines that still have
deep spiritual meaning
for their descendants.
By 1050, Chaco had become the
ceremonial, administrative, and
economic center of the San Juan Basin.
Its sphere of influence was extensive.
Dozens of great houses in Chaco Canyon
were connected by roads to
more than 150 great houses
throughout the region.
It is thought that the great
houses were not traditional farming
villages occupied by large populations.
They may instead have been
impressive examples of
public architecture
that were used periodically during
times of ceremony, commerce, and
trading when temporary populations
came to the canyon for these events.
What was at the heart of this
great social experiment?
Pueblo descendants say that
Chaco was a special gathering
place where many peoples
and clans converged to share their
ceremonies, traditions, and knowledge.
Chaco is central to the origins of
several Navajo clans
and ceremonies.
Chaco is also an enduring
enigma for researchers.
Was Chaco the hub of a
turquoise-trading network established
to acquire macaws, copper bells,
shells, and other commodities
from distant lands?
Did Chaco distribute food and
resources to growing populations
when the climate failed them?
Was Chaco the center place,
binding a region together by a
shared vision? We may
never fully understand Chaco.
In the 1100s and 1200s, change
came to Chaco as new construction
slowed and Chaco's role as a regional
center shifted.
Chaco's influence continued at
Aztec, Mesa Verde, the
Chuska Mountains, and other
centers to the north, south,
and west.
In time, the people
shifted away from Chacoan ways,
migrated to new areas, reorganized
their world, and eventually interacted
with foreign cultures.
Their descendants are the modern
Southwest Indians.
Many Southwest Indian people
look upon Chaco as an important
stop along their clans' sacred
migration paths-a spiritual place
to be honored and respected.
CONTACT THE PARK
Mailing Address:
PO Box 220
Nageezi, NM 87037
Phone:
(505) 786-7014
Music
trac 1
Artist NOWË
Song Heart Gold
soundcloud.com/nowemusic
trac 2
Artist NOWË
Song Go Time
soundcloud.com/nowemusic
trac 3
Artist Dan Lebowitz
Song To Weather a Storm
youtube.com/audiolibrary/music
trac 4
Artist MBB
Song Clouds
soundcloud.com/mbbofficial
trac 5
Artist MBB
Song Good Vibes
soundcloud.com/mbbofficial
trac 6
Artist NOWË
Song Dream On
soundcloud.com/nowemusic
trac 7
Artist NOWË
Song I Like It!
soundcloud.com/nowemusic
trac 8
Artist NOWË
Song Outshine
soundcloud.com/nowemusic
trac 9
Artist NOWË
Song Sleepless
soundcloud.com/nowemusic
trac 10
Artist Dan Lebowitz
Song All Hail the Queen
youtube.com/audiolibrary/music
trac 11
Artist Ikson
Song Letter Home
soundcloud.com/ikson
a looknavigator film
produced by
looknavigator
© 2019
looknavigator
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3.17.19
Thank You
America for our
National and State
Park Service
credit NPS
State of New Mexico USA
Chaco Culture NHP
BLM, BOR
Navajo Nation
All Native Americans
THANK YOU
LOOKNAVIGATOR
A farm in New Mexico
A trip to the farm at New Mexico. Pumpkins, Watermelon, Halapinio, Cotton, and corn are the main players here. They are awesome especially when the harvest period arrived. We have fun, and we have bought pumpkins to celebrate or welcome the Hallowean night !!
Speech by Alejo Vida-quadras at Paris gathering of Iranians for democratic change, Villepinte 2014
Alejo Vida-quadras, Vice-president of the European Parliament, spoke at the gathering of Iranians for democratic change.
On June 27, a grand gathering of Iranians and supporters of the Iranian Resistance from 69 countries across the globe was held at the Villepinte Exposition in Paris with the participation of 600 political dignitaries, legislators and jurists from a wide spectrum of political tendencies .
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the Iranian Resistance and the keynote speaker.
Ms. Linda Chavez, former White House Director of Public Liaison, and Ms. Frances Townsend, Homeland Security Advisor to U.S. President (2004-2008) moderated the event.
The speakers included Rudi Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City and U.S. Presidential candidate (2008); Joseph Lieberman, former Senator; Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Presidential candidate (2012); Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee (2005-2009); a delegation from U.S. Congress, including Congressman Ted Poe, Chair of Subcommittee on Terrorism, Congressman Danny Davis, and Loretta Sanchez; General Hugh Shelton, Chairman of the U.S. Army Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001); General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Commander of Multi-National Force -- Iraq (2004-2007); Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001); Bill Richardson, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Governor of New Mexico (2003-2011); John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dennis Hastert, former speaker of the House of Representatives; Michael Mukasey, US Attorney General (2007-2009); Robert Torricelli, former US Senator and legal representative of Ashraf and Camp Liberty residents; Robert Joseph, former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security/; Ambassador Phillip Crowley, Assistant Secretary of State (2009-2011); General James Conway, the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps; General David Phillips, former US Chief of Military Police and commander of all Police operation in Iraq; Colonel Wesley Martin, former commander of Anti-terrorism Force Protection for all Coalition Forces in Iraq and commander of U.S. protection at Camp Ashraf; Colonel Thomas Cantwell, commander of Ashraf protection, Ambassador Marc Ginsberg, U.S. Ambassador to Morocco and White House Adviser for Middle East Policy; Lincoln Bloomfield, former undersecretary for State Department; Alan Dershowhitz, prominent lawyer for Criminal law; Patricia Solis Doyle, Senior Adviser to the U.S. Presidential Campaign in 2008; Pedro Agramunt and Jordi Xucla, Head of EPP Group and Head of ALDE Group respectively at the European Council; Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria; Mohammed al-Aarabi, former foreign minister of Egypt; Nejat Al-Astal legislator from Palestine; Pandli Majko, former Prime Minster, on behalf of a large delegation from Albania; Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada, Terence young, Member of Canadian Parliament; Jose Louis Rodriguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain;Geir Haarde, former Prime Minister of Iceland; Alejo Vidal-Quadras, vice-President of European Parliament; Struan Stevenson, President of European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Iraq; Alexander Carlile, prominent member of House of Lords on behalf of a high-level delegation from both British Houses, jurists, and prominent political and human rights activists in UK; Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation; Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defense, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Home Affairs (2002-2011); Bernard Kouchner, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rama Yade, former Advisor to Foreign Minister on Human Rights and Vice President of French Radical Party; Jean-Pierre Béquet, member of Val d'Oise provincial council; Dominique Lefebvre, member of French National Assembly; Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris; Ms. Martine Valleton, Mayor of Villepinte; Giulio Maria Terzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs (until April 2013); Ingrid Betancourt, former Presidential candidate in Colombia;
Otto Bernhardt, Chair of German Committee in Solidarity with Free Iran; Adrianus Melkert, former leader of the Dutch Labour Party and Special Representative of UN Secretary General (2009 to 2011); Ardelean ben-oni, Senator from Romania.
♡NEW YORK CITY TRAVEL VLOG | 2016 - TIMES SQUARE - CENTRAL PARK - TOP OF THE ROCK♡
♡Hola babys!♡ Hoy os traigo la primera parte de un video que me hace mucha ilusión mostraros... Nuestro viaje a NEW YORK. Espero que lo disfruteis tanto como nosotros y os espero en la segunda parte. No olvides de darle LIKE si te a gustado el video y SUSCRIBIRTE a mi canal que me haras muy feliz!
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Speech by Louis Freeh at Paris gathering of Iranians for democratic change, Villepinte 2014
Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001), spoke at the gathering of Iranians for democratic change.
On June 27, a grand gathering of Iranians and supporters of the Iranian Resistance from 69 countries across the globe was held at the Villepinte Exposition in Paris with the participation of 600 political dignitaries, legislators and jurists from a wide spectrum of political tendencies .
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the Iranian Resistance and the keynote speaker.
Ms. Linda Chavez, former White House Director of Public Liaison, and Ms. Frances Townsend, Homeland Security Advisor to U.S. President (2004-2008) moderated the event.
The speakers included Rudi Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City and U.S. Presidential candidate (2008); Joseph Lieberman, former Senator; Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Presidential candidate (2012); Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee (2005-2009); a delegation from U.S. Congress, including Congressman Ted Poe, Chair of Subcommittee on Terrorism, Congressman Danny Davis, and Loretta Sanchez; General Hugh Shelton, Chairman of the U.S. Army Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001); General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Commander of Multi-National Force -- Iraq (2004-2007); Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001); Bill Richardson, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Governor of New Mexico (2003-2011); John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dennis Hastert, former speaker of the House of Representatives; Michael Mukasey, US Attorney General (2007-2009); Robert Torricelli, former US Senator and legal representative of Ashraf and Camp Liberty residents; Robert Joseph, former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security/; Ambassador Phillip Crowley, Assistant Secretary of State (2009-2011); General James Conway, the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps; General David Phillips, former US Chief of Military Police and commander of all Police operation in Iraq; Colonel Wesley Martin, former commander of Anti-terrorism Force Protection for all Coalition Forces in Iraq and commander of U.S. protection at Camp Ashraf; Colonel Thomas Cantwell, commander of Ashraf protection, Ambassador Marc Ginsberg, U.S. Ambassador to Morocco and White House Adviser for Middle East Policy; Lincoln Bloomfield, former undersecretary for State Department; Alan Dershowhitz, prominent lawyer for Criminal law; Patricia Solis Doyle, Senior Adviser to the U.S. Presidential Campaign in 2008; Pedro Agramunt and Jordi Xucla, Head of EPP Group and Head of ALDE Group respectively at the European Council; Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria; Mohammed al-Aarabi, former foreign minister of Egypt; Nejat Al-Astal legislator from Palestine; Pandli Majko, former Prime Minster, on behalf of a large delegation from Albania; Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada, Terence young, Member of Canadian Parliament; Jose Louis Rodriguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain;Geir Haarde, former Prime Minister of Iceland; Alejo Vidal-Quadras, vice-President of European Parliament; Struan Stevenson, President of European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Iraq; Alexander Carlile, prominent member of House of Lords on behalf of a high-level delegation from both British Houses, jurists, and prominent political and human rights activists in UK; Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation; Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defense, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Home Affairs (2002-2011); Bernard Kouchner, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rama Yade, former Advisor to Foreign Minister on Human Rights and Vice President of French Radical Party; Jean-Pierre Béquet, member of Val d'Oise provincial council; Dominique Lefebvre, member of French National Assembly; Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris; Ms. Martine Valleton, Mayor of Villepinte; Giulio Maria Terzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs (until April 2013); Ingrid Betancourt, former Presidential candidate in Colombia;
Otto Bernhardt, Chair of German Committee in Solidarity with Free Iran; Adrianus Melkert, former leader of the Dutch Labour Party and Special Representative of UN Secretary General (2009 to 2011); Ardelean ben-oni, Senator from Romania.
Speech by Patricia Solis Doyle at Paris Iranian gathering for democratic change 2014
On June 27, a grand gathering of Iranians and supporters of the Iranian Resistance from 69 countries across the globe was held at the Villepinte Exposition in Paris with the participation of 600 political dignitaries, legislators and jurists from a wide spectrum of political tendencies .
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the Iranian Resistance and the keynote speaker.
Ms. Linda Chavez, former White House Director of Public Liaison, and Ms. Frances Townsend, Homeland Security Advisor to U.S. President (2004-2008) moderated the event.
The speakers included Rudi Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City and U.S. Presidential candidate (2008); Joseph Lieberman, former Senator; Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Presidential candidate (2012); Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee (2005-2009); a delegation from U.S. Congress, including Congressman Ted Poe, Chair of Subcommittee on Terrorism, Congressman Danny Davis, and Loretta Sanchez; General Hugh Shelton, Chairman of the U.S. Army Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001); General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Commander of Multi-National Force -- Iraq (2004-2007); Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001); Bill Richardson, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Governor of New Mexico (2003-2011); John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dennis Hastert, former speaker of the House of Representatives; Michael Mukasey, US Attorney General (2007-2009); Robert Torricelli, former US Senator and legal representative of Ashraf and Camp Liberty residents; Robert Joseph, former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security/; Ambassador Phillip Crowley, Assistant Secretary of State (2009-2011); General James Conway, the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps; General David Phillips, former US Chief of Military Police and commander of all Police operation in Iraq; Colonel Wesley Martin, former commander of Anti-terrorism Force Protection for all Coalition Forces in Iraq and commander of U.S. protection at Camp Ashraf; Colonel Thomas Cantwell, commander of Ashraf protection, Ambassador Marc Ginsberg, U.S. Ambassador to Morocco and White House Adviser for Middle East Policy; Lincoln Bloomfield, former undersecretary for State Department; Alan Dershowhitz, prominent lawyer for Criminal law; Patricia Solis Doyle, Senior Adviser to the U.S. Presidential Campaign in 2008; Pedro Agramunt and Jordi Xucla, Head of EPP Group and Head of ALDE Group respectively at the European Council; Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria; Mohammed al-Aarabi, former foreign minister of Egypt; Nejat Al-Astal legislator from Palestine; Pandli Majko, former Prime Minster, on behalf of a large delegation from Albania; Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada, Terence young, Member of Canadian Parliament; Jose Louis Rodriguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain;Geir Haarde, former Prime Minister of Iceland; Alejo Vidal-Quadras, vice-President of European Parliament; Struan Stevenson, President of European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Iraq; Alexander Carlile, prominent member of House of Lords on behalf of a high-level delegation from both British Houses, jurists, and prominent political and human rights activists in UK; Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation; Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defense, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Home Affairs (2002-2011); Bernard Kouchner, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rama Yade, former Advisor to Foreign Minister on Human Rights and Vice President of French Radical Party; Jean-Pierre Béquet, member of Val d'Oise provincial council; Dominique Lefebvre, member of French National Assembly; Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris; Ms. Martine Valleton, Mayor of Villepinte; Giulio Maria Terzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs (until April 2013); Ingrid Betancourt, former Presidential candidate in Colombia;
Otto Bernhardt, Chair of German Committee in Solidarity with Free Iran; Adrianus Melkert, former leader of the Dutch Labour Party and Special Representative of UN Secretary General (2009 to 2011); Ardelean ben-oni, Senator from Romania.
Chaco Culture National Historical Park | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Chaco Culture National Historical Park
00:01:56 1 Geography
00:03:36 2 Geology
00:05:05 3 Climate
00:06:35 4 Flora and fauna
00:08:32 5 History
00:08:41 5.1 Archaic–Early Basketmakers
00:09:47 5.2 Ancestral Puebloans
00:12:36 5.3 Athabaskan succession
00:13:18 5.4 Excavation and protection
00:18:38 6 Management
00:21:01 7 Sites
00:21:25 7.1 Central canyon
00:25:01 7.2 Outliers
00:28:41 8 Ruins
00:28:50 8.1 Great houses
00:31:02 8.2 Uses
00:33:49 9 Archaeoastronomy
00:33:58 9.1 Sun Dagger
00:36:12 9.2 Alignments
00:39:06 10 Gallery
00:39:15 11 See also
00:39:49 12 Notes
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- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park hosting the densest and most exceptional concentration of pueblos in the American Southwest. The park is located in northwestern New Mexico, between Albuquerque and Farmington, in a remote canyon cut by the Chaco Wash. Containing the most sweeping collection of ancient ruins north of Mexico, the park preserves one of the most important pre-Columbian cultural and historical areas in the United States.Between AD 900 and 1150, Chaco Canyon was a major center of culture for the Ancient Pueblo Peoples. Chacoans quarried sandstone blocks and hauled timber from great distances, assembling fifteen major complexes that remained the largest buildings in North America until the 19th century. Evidence of archaeoastronomy at Chaco has been proposed, with the Sun Dagger petroglyph at Fajada Butte a popular example. Many Chacoan buildings may have been aligned to capture the solar and lunar cycles, requiring generations of astronomical observations and centuries of skillfully coordinated construction. Climate change is thought to have led to the emigration of Chacoans and the eventual abandonment of the canyon, beginning with a fifty-year drought commencing in 1130.Comprising a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the arid and sparsely populated Four Corners region, the Chacoan cultural sites are fragile – concerns of erosion caused by tourists have led to the closure of Fajada Butte to the public. The sites are considered sacred ancestral homelands by the Hopi and Pueblo people, who maintain oral accounts of their historical migration from Chaco and their spiritual relationship to the land. Though park preservation efforts can conflict with native religious beliefs, tribal representatives work closely with the National Park Service to share their knowledge and respect the heritage of the Chacoan culture.The park is on the Trails of the Ancients Byway, one of the designated New Mexico Scenic Byways.
Speech by Jean- François Legaret at Paris Iranian gathering for democratic change 2014
Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris spoke at the gathering of Iranians for democratic change in Iran.
On June 27, a grand gathering of Iranians and supporters of the Iranian Resistance from 69 countries across the globe was held at the Villepinte Exposition in Paris with the participation of 600 political dignitaries, legislators and jurists from a wide spectrum of political tendencies.
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the Iranian Resistance and the keynote speaker.
Ms. Linda Chavez, former White House Director of Public Liaison, and Ms. Frances Townsend, Homeland Security Advisor to U.S. President (2004-2008) moderated the event.
The speakers included Rudi Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City and U.S. Presidential candidate (2008); Joseph Lieberman, former Senator; Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Presidential candidate (2012); Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee (2005-2009); a delegation from U.S. Congress, including Congressman Ted Poe, Chair of Subcommittee on Terrorism, Congressman Danny Davis, and Loretta Sanchez; General Hugh Shelton, Chairman of the U.S. Army Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001); General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Commander of Multi-National Force -- Iraq (2004-2007); Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001); Bill Richardson, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Governor of New Mexico (2003-2011); John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dennis Hastert, former speaker of the House of Representatives; Michael Mukasey, US Attorney General (2007-2009); Robert Torricelli, former US Senator and legal representative of Ashraf and Camp Liberty residents; Robert Joseph, former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security/; Ambassador Phillip Crowley, Assistant Secretary of State (2009-2011); General James Conway, the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps; General David Phillips, former US Chief of Military Police and commander of all Police operation in Iraq; Colonel Wesley Martin, former commander of Anti-terrorism Force Protection for all Coalition Forces in Iraq and commander of U.S. protection at Camp Ashraf; Colonel Thomas Cantwell, commander of Ashraf protection, Ambassador Marc Ginsberg, U.S. Ambassador to Morocco and White House Adviser for Middle East Policy; Lincoln Bloomfield, former undersecretary for State Department; Alan Dershowhitz, prominent lawyer for Criminal law; Patricia Solis Doyle, Senior Adviser to the U.S. Presidential Campaign in 2008; Pedro Agramunt and Jordi Xucla, Head of EPP Group and Head of ALDE Group respectively at the European Council; Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria; Mohammed al-Aarabi, former foreign minister of Egypt; Nejat Al-Astal legislator from Palestine; Pandli Majko, former Prime Minster, on behalf of a large delegation from Albania; Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada, Terence young, Member of Canadian Parliament; Jose Louis Rodriguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain;Geir Haarde, former Prime Minister of Iceland; Alejo Vidal-Quadras, vice-President of European Parliament; Struan Stevenson, President of European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Iraq; Alexander Carlile, prominent member of House of Lords on behalf of a high-level delegation from both British Houses, jurists, and prominent political and human rights activists in UK; Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation; Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defense, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Home Affairs (2002-2011); Bernard Kouchner, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rama Yade, former Advisor to Foreign Minister on Human Rights and Vice President of French Radical Party; Jean-Pierre Béquet, member of Val d'Oise provincial council; Dominique Lefebvre, member of French National Assembly; Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris; Ms. Martine Valleton, Mayor of Villepinte; Giulio Maria Terzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs (until April 2013); Ingrid Betancourt, former Presidential candidate in Colombia; Otto Bernhardt, Chair of German Committee in Solidarity with Free Iran; Adrianus Melkert, former leader of the Dutch Labour Party and Special Representative of UN Secretary General (2009 to 2011); Ardelean ben-oni, Senator from Romania.
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Speech by Gilbert Mitterrand at Paris gathering of Iranians for democratic change, Villepinte 2014
Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation, spoke at the gathering of Iranians for democratic change.
On June 27, a grand gathering of Iranians and supporters of the Iranian Resistance from 69 countries across the globe was held at the Villepinte Exposition in Paris with the participation of 600 political dignitaries, legislators and jurists from a wide spectrum of political tendencies .
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the Iranian Resistance and the keynote speaker.
Ms. Linda Chavez, former White House Director of Public Liaison, and Ms. Frances Townsend, Homeland Security Advisor to U.S. President (2004-2008) moderated the event.
The speakers included Rudi Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City and U.S. Presidential candidate (2008); Joseph Lieberman, former Senator; Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Presidential candidate (2012); Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee (2005-2009); a delegation from U.S. Congress, including Congressman Ted Poe, Chair of Subcommittee on Terrorism, Congressman Danny Davis, and Loretta Sanchez; General Hugh Shelton, Chairman of the U.S. Army Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001); General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Commander of Multi-National Force -- Iraq (2004-2007); Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001); Bill Richardson, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Governor of New Mexico (2003-2011); John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dennis Hastert, former speaker of the House of Representatives; Michael Mukasey, US Attorney General (2007-2009); Robert Torricelli, former US Senator and legal representative of Ashraf and Camp Liberty residents; Robert Joseph, former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security/; Ambassador Phillip Crowley, Assistant Secretary of State (2009-2011); General James Conway, the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps; General David Phillips, former US Chief of Military Police and commander of all Police operation in Iraq; Colonel Wesley Martin, former commander of Anti-terrorism Force Protection for all Coalition Forces in Iraq and commander of U.S. protection at Camp Ashraf; Colonel Thomas Cantwell, commander of Ashraf protection, Ambassador Marc Ginsberg, U.S. Ambassador to Morocco and White House Adviser for Middle East Policy; Lincoln Bloomfield, former undersecretary for State Department; Alan Dershowhitz, prominent lawyer for Criminal law; Patricia Solis Doyle, Senior Adviser to the U.S. Presidential Campaign in 2008; Pedro Agramunt and Jordi Xucla, Head of EPP Group and Head of ALDE Group respectively at the European Council; Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria; Mohammed al-Aarabi, former foreign minister of Egypt; Nejat Al-Astal legislator from Palestine; Pandli Majko, former Prime Minster, on behalf of a large delegation from Albania; Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada, Terence young, Member of Canadian Parliament; Jose Louis Rodriguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain;Geir Haarde, former Prime Minister of Iceland; Alejo Vidal-Quadras, vice-President of European Parliament; Struan Stevenson, President of European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Iraq; Alexander Carlile, prominent member of House of Lords on behalf of a high-level delegation from both British Houses, jurists, and prominent political and human rights activists in UK; Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation; Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defense, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Home Affairs (2002-2011); Bernard Kouchner, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rama Yade, former Advisor to Foreign Minister on Human Rights and Vice President of French Radical Party; Jean-Pierre Béquet, member of Val d'Oise provincial council; Dominique Lefebvre, member of French National Assembly; Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris; Ms. Martine Valleton, Mayor of Villepinte; Giulio Maria Terzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs (until April 2013); Ingrid Betancourt, former Presidential candidate in Colombia;
Otto Bernhardt, Chair of German Committee in Solidarity with Free Iran; Adrianus Melkert, former leader of the Dutch Labour Party and Special Representative of UN Secretary General (2009 to 2011); Ardelean ben-oni, Senator from Romania.
Speech by Jean-Pierre Muller at Paris Iranian gathering for democratic change 2014
Jean-Pierre Muller,Co-president of French Mayors Committee, spoke at the gathering of Iranians for democratic change in Iran.
On June 27, a grand gathering of Iranians and supporters of the Iranian Resistance from 69 countries across the globe was held at the Villepinte Exposition in Paris with the participation of 600 political dignitaries, legislators and jurists from a wide spectrum of political tendencies.
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the Iranian Resistance and the keynote speaker.
Ms. Linda Chavez, former White House Director of Public Liaison, and Ms. Frances Townsend, Homeland Security Advisor to U.S. President (2004-2008) moderated the event.
The speakers included Rudi Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City and U.S. Presidential candidate (2008); Joseph Lieberman, former Senator; Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Presidential candidate (2012); Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee (2005-2009); a delegation from U.S. Congress, including Congressman Ted Poe, Chair of Subcommittee on Terrorism, Congressman Danny Davis, and Loretta Sanchez; General Hugh Shelton, Chairman of the U.S. Army Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001); General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Commander of Multi-National Force -- Iraq (2004-2007); Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001); Bill Richardson, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Governor of New Mexico (2003-2011); John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dennis Hastert, former speaker of the House of Representatives; Michael Mukasey, US Attorney General (2007-2009); Robert Torricelli, former US Senator and legal representative of Ashraf and Camp Liberty residents; Robert Joseph, former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security/; Ambassador Phillip Crowley, Assistant Secretary of State (2009-2011); General James Conway, the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps; General David Phillips, former US Chief of Military Police and commander of all Police operation in Iraq; Colonel Wesley Martin, former commander of Anti-terrorism Force Protection for all Coalition Forces in Iraq and commander of U.S. protection at Camp Ashraf; Colonel Thomas Cantwell, commander of Ashraf protection, Ambassador Marc Ginsberg, U.S. Ambassador to Morocco and White House Adviser for Middle East Policy; Lincoln Bloomfield, former undersecretary for State Department; Alan Dershowhitz, prominent lawyer for Criminal law; Patricia Solis Doyle, Senior Adviser to the U.S. Presidential Campaign in 2008; Pedro Agramunt and Jordi Xucla, Head of EPP Group and Head of ALDE Group respectively at the European Council; Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria; Mohammed al-Aarabi, former foreign minister of Egypt; Nejat Al-Astal legislator from Palestine; Pandli Majko, former Prime Minster, on behalf of a large delegation from Albania; Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada, Terence young, Member of Canadian Parliament; Jose Louis Rodriguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain;Geir Haarde, former Prime Minister of Iceland; Alejo Vidal-Quadras, vice-President of European Parliament; Struan Stevenson, President of European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Iraq; Alexander Carlile, prominent member of House of Lords on behalf of a high-level delegation from both British Houses, jurists, and prominent political and human rights activists in UK; Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation; Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defense, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Home Affairs (2002-2011); Bernard Kouchner, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rama Yade, former Advisor to Foreign Minister on Human Rights and Vice President of French Radical Party; Jean-Pierre Béquet, member of Val d'Oise provincial council; Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris; Ms. Martine Valleton, Mayor of Villepinte; Giulio Maria Terzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs (until April 2013); Ingrid Betancourt, former Presidential candidate in Colombia;
Otto Bernhardt, Chair of German Committee in Solidarity with Free Iran; Adrianus Melkert, former leader of the Dutch Labour Party and Special Representative of UN Secretary General (2009 to 2011); Ardelean ben-oni, Senator from Romania.
Speech by Bernard Kouchnerat at Paris Iranian gathering for democratic change 2014
Bernard Kouchner, former French Minister of Foreign Affairs spoke at the gathering of Iranians for democratic change in Iran.
On June 27, a grand gathering of Iranians and supporters of the Iranian Resistance from 69 countries across the globe was held at the Villepinte Exposition in Paris with the participation of 600 political dignitaries, legislators and jurists from a wide spectrum of political tendencies.
Maryam Rajavi, President-elect of the Iranian Resistance and the keynote speaker.
Ms. Linda Chavez, former White House Director of Public Liaison, and Ms. Frances Townsend, Homeland Security Advisor to U.S. President (2004-2008) moderated the event.
The speakers included Rudi Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City and U.S. Presidential candidate (2008); Joseph Lieberman, former Senator; Newt Gingrich, former Speaker of the House of Representatives and U.S. Presidential candidate (2012); Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont and Chairman of the Democratic National Committee (2005-2009); a delegation from U.S. Congress, including Congressman Ted Poe, Chair of Subcommittee on Terrorism, Congressman Danny Davis, and Loretta Sanchez; General Hugh Shelton, Chairman of the U.S. Army Joint Chiefs of Staff (1997-2001); General George Casey, Chief of Staff of the United States Army and Commander of Multi-National Force -- Iraq (2004-2007); Louis Freeh, Director of FBI (1993-2001); Bill Richardson, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and Governor of New Mexico (2003-2011); John Bolton, former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations; Dennis Hastert, former speaker of the House of Representatives; Michael Mukasey, US Attorney General (2007-2009); Robert Torricelli, former US Senator and legal representative of Ashraf and Camp Liberty residents; Robert Joseph, former US Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security/; Ambassador Phillip Crowley, Assistant Secretary of State (2009-2011); General James Conway, the 34th Commandant of the Marine Corps; General David Phillips, former US Chief of Military Police and commander of all Police operation in Iraq; Colonel Wesley Martin, former commander of Anti-terrorism Force Protection for all Coalition Forces in Iraq and commander of U.S. protection at Camp Ashraf; Colonel Thomas Cantwell, commander of Ashraf protection, Ambassador Marc Ginsberg, U.S. Ambassador to Morocco and White House Adviser for Middle East Policy; Lincoln Bloomfield, former undersecretary for State Department; Alan Dershowhitz, prominent lawyer for Criminal law; Patricia Solis Doyle, Senior Adviser to the U.S. Presidential Campaign in 2008; Pedro Agramunt and Jordi Xucla, Head of EPP Group and Head of ALDE Group respectively at the European Council; Sid Ahmed Ghozali, former Prime Minister of Algeria; Mohammed al-Aarabi, former foreign minister of Egypt; Nejat Al-Astal legislator from Palestine; Pandli Majko, former Prime Minster, on behalf of a large delegation from Albania; Kim Campbell, former Prime Minister of Canada, Terence young, Member of Canadian Parliament; Jose Louis Rodriguez Zapatero, former Prime Minister of Spain;Geir Haarde, former Prime Minister of Iceland; Alejo Vidal-Quadras, vice-President of European Parliament; Struan Stevenson, President of European Parliament Delegation for Relations with Iraq; Alexander Carlile, prominent member of House of Lords on behalf of a high-level delegation from both British Houses, jurists, and prominent political and human rights activists in UK; Gilbert Mitterrand, President of France Liberte foundation; Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defense, Minister of Justice, and Minister of Home Affairs (2002-2011); Bernard Kouchner, former Minister of Foreign Affairs; Rama Yade, former Advisor to Foreign Minister on Human Rights and Vice President of French Radical Party; Jean-Pierre Béquet, member of Val d'Oise provincial council; Dominique Lefebvre, member of French National Assembly; Jean- François Legaret, Mayor of the 1st district of Paris; Ms. Martine Valleton, Mayor of Villepinte; Giulio Maria Terzi, Minister of Foreign Affairs (until April 2013); Ingrid Betancourt, former Presidential candidate in Colombia; Otto Bernhardt, Chair of German Committee in Solidarity with Free Iran; Adrianus Melkert, former leader of the Dutch Labour Party and Special Representative of UN Secretary General (2009 to 2011); Ardelean ben-oni, Senator from Romania.
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Morning News Blitz | November 14, 2012
Morning News Blitz | November 14, 2012
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