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Al Capones Hideaway & Speakeasy
Broadcast from 190 North
City of Sioux City Budget Hearing - January 25, 2020
Ulysses S. Grant | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
00:04:11 1 Early life and education
00:06:51 2 Early military career and personal life
00:07:02 2.1 West Point and first assignment
00:10:21 2.2 Marriage and family
00:11:26 2.3 Mexican–American War
00:14:41 2.4 Post-war assignments
00:17:49 3 Civilian struggles and politics
00:21:32 4 Civil War
00:22:34 4.1 Early commands
00:24:26 4.2 Belmont, Forts Henry and Donelson
00:29:01 4.3 Shiloh and aftermath
00:34:26 4.4 Vicksburg campaign
00:38:36 4.5 Chattanooga and promotion
00:41:55 4.6 Overland Campaign and Petersburg Siege
00:47:16 4.7 Appomattox campaign, and victory
00:49:25 4.8 Lincoln's assassination
00:50:44 5 Commanding General
00:51:45 5.1 Reconstruction
00:53:22 5.2 Break from Johnson
00:56:27 5.3 Election of 1868
00:58:57 6 Presidency (1869–1877)
01:01:49 6.1 Later Reconstruction and civil rights
01:08:38 6.2 Native American iPeace/i policy
01:12:10 6.3 Foreign affairs
01:16:49 6.4 Gold standard and gold conspiracy
01:20:32 6.5 Election of 1872 and second term
01:24:05 6.6 Panic of 1873 and loss of Congress
01:27:15 6.7 Scandals and reform
01:34:34 6.8 Election of 1876
01:36:14 7 Post-presidency
01:36:24 7.1 World tour and diplomacy
01:38:08 7.2 Third term attempt
01:40:26 7.3 Business reversals, speculation and confidence men
01:43:33 7.4 Memoirs, pension, and death
01:49:48 8 Historical reputation
01:53:12 9 Memorials and presidential library
01:55:44 10 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio:
Other Wikipedia audio articles at:
Upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
Speaking Rate: 0.9501520319374683
Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-A
I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American soldier, politician, and international statesman who served as the 18th president of the United States from 1869 to 1877. During the American Civil War, General Grant, with President Abraham Lincoln, led the Union Army to victory over the Confederacy. During the Reconstruction Era, President Grant led the Republicans in their efforts to remove the vestiges of Confederate nationalism, racism, and slavery.
From early childhood in Ohio, Grant was a skilled equestrian who had a talent for taming horses. He graduated from West Point in 1843 and served with distinction in the Mexican–American War. Upon his return, Grant married Julia Dent, and together they had four children. In 1854, Grant abruptly resigned from the army. He and his family struggled financially in civilian life for seven years. When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Grant joined the Union Army and rapidly rose in rank to general. Grant was persistent in his pursuit of the Confederate enemy, winning major battles and gaining Union control of the Mississippi River. In March 1864, President Lincoln promoted Grant to Lieutenant General, a rank previously reserved for George Washington. For over a year Grant's Army of the Potomac fought the Army of Northern Virginia led by Robert E. Lee in the Overland Campaign and at Petersburg. On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, and the war ended.
On April 14, 1865, Lincoln was assassinated. Grant continued his service under Lincoln's successor President Andrew Johnson and was promoted General of the Army in 1866. Disillusioned by Johnson's conservative approach to Reconstruction, Grant drifted toward the Radical Republicans. Elected the youngest 19th Century president in 1868, Grant stabilized the post-war national economy, created the Department of Justice, and prosecuted the Ku Klux Klan. He appointed African-Americans and Jewish-Americans to prominent federal offices. In 1871, Grant created the first Civil Service Commission. The Democrats and Liberal Republicans united behind Grant's opponent in the presidential election of 1872, but Grant was handily re-elected. Grant's new Peace Policy for Native Americans had both successes and failures. Grant's administration successfully resolv ...
Gandhi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Gandhi
00:03:25 1 Biography
00:03:34 1.1 Early life and background
00:09:36 1.2 English barrister
00:13:19 1.3 Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)
00:17:39 1.3.1 Europeans, Indians and Africans
00:21:34 1.4 Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947)
00:23:18 1.4.1 Role in World War I
00:24:38 1.5 Champaran and Kheda
00:24:47 1.5.1 Champaran agitations
00:25:32 1.5.2 Kheda agitations
00:26:38 1.5.3 Khilafat movement
00:29:38 1.5.4 Non-co-operation
00:34:16 1.5.5 Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)
00:37:07 1.5.5.1 Gandhi as folk hero
00:38:46 1.5.5.2 Negotiations
00:41:09 1.5.6 Round Table Conferences
00:42:48 1.5.7 Congress politics
00:44:16 1.5.8 World War II and iQuit India movement/i
00:48:23 1.5.9 Partition and independence
00:51:50 1.6 Assassination
00:55:53 1.6.1 Funeral and memorials
00:57:18 2 Principles, practices and beliefs
00:57:50 2.1 Influences
01:00:43 2.1.1 Tolstoy
01:01:53 2.1.2 Shrimad Rajchandra
01:02:59 2.1.3 Religious texts
01:03:54 2.2 On wars and nonviolence
01:04:03 2.2.1 Support for Wars
01:07:13 2.2.2 Truth and Satyagraha
01:12:09 2.2.3 Nonviolence
01:14:35 2.3 On inter-religious relations
01:14:45 2.3.1 Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs
01:15:32 2.3.2 Jews
01:18:11 2.3.3 Christians
01:20:46 2.3.4 Muslims
01:23:33 2.3.4.1 Sufism
01:24:00 2.4 On life, society and other application of his ideas
01:24:12 2.4.1 Vegetarianism, food, and animals
01:26:59 2.4.2 Fasting
01:28:31 2.4.3 Women
01:30:04 2.4.4 Brahmacharya: abstinence from sex and food
01:33:28 2.4.5 Untouchability and castes
01:37:14 2.4.6 Nai Talim, basic education
01:38:37 2.4.7 Swaraj, self-rule
01:40:26 2.4.8 Hindu nationalism and revivalism
01:42:15 2.4.9 Gandhian economics
01:45:29 2.4.10 Gandhism
01:46:49 3 Literary works
01:48:45 4 Legacy and depictions in popular culture
01:49:34 4.1 Followers and international influence
01:53:50 4.2 Global days that celebrate Gandhi
01:54:28 4.3 Awards
01:56:33 4.3.1 Father of the Nation
01:57:06 4.4 Film, theatre and literature
01:59:35 4.5 Current impact within India
02:01:10 4.6 Descendants
02:01:49 5 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦəndaːs ˈkərəmtʃənd ˈɡaːndʱi] (listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: high-souled, venerable) – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.
Gandhi led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and political protest.
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged i ...
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
00:03:25 1 Biography
00:03:34 1.1 Early life and background
00:09:36 1.2 English barrister
00:13:19 1.3 Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)
00:17:39 1.3.1 Europeans, Indians and Africans
00:21:34 1.4 Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947)
00:23:18 1.4.1 Role in World War I
00:24:38 1.5 Champaran and Kheda
00:24:47 1.5.1 Champaran agitations
00:25:32 1.5.2 Kheda agitations
00:26:38 1.5.3 Khilafat movement
00:29:38 1.5.4 Non-co-operation
00:34:16 1.5.5 Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)
00:37:07 1.5.5.1 Gandhi as folk hero
00:38:46 1.5.5.2 Negotiations
00:41:09 1.5.6 Round Table Conferences
00:42:48 1.5.7 Congress politics
00:44:16 1.5.8 World War II and iQuit India movement/i
00:48:23 1.5.9 Partition and independence
00:51:50 1.6 Assassination
00:55:53 1.6.1 Funeral and memorials
00:57:18 2 Principles, practices and beliefs
00:57:50 2.1 Influences
01:00:43 2.1.1 Tolstoy
01:01:53 2.1.2 Shrimad Rajchandra
01:02:59 2.1.3 Religious texts
01:03:54 2.2 On wars and nonviolence
01:04:03 2.2.1 Support for Wars
01:07:13 2.2.2 Truth and Satyagraha
01:12:09 2.2.3 Nonviolence
01:14:35 2.3 On inter-religious relations
01:14:45 2.3.1 Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs
01:15:32 2.3.2 Jews
01:18:11 2.3.3 Christians
01:20:46 2.3.4 Muslims
01:23:33 2.3.4.1 Sufism
01:24:00 2.4 On life, society and other application of his ideas
01:24:12 2.4.1 Vegetarianism, food, and animals
01:26:59 2.4.2 Fasting
01:28:31 2.4.3 Women
01:30:04 2.4.4 Brahmacharya: abstinence from sex and food
01:33:28 2.4.5 Untouchability and castes
01:37:14 2.4.6 Nai Talim, basic education
01:38:37 2.4.7 Swaraj, self-rule
01:40:26 2.4.8 Hindu nationalism and revivalism
01:42:15 2.4.9 Gandhian economics
01:45:29 2.4.10 Gandhism
01:46:49 3 Literary works
01:48:45 4 Legacy and depictions in popular culture
01:49:34 4.1 Followers and international influence
01:53:50 4.2 Global days that celebrate Gandhi
01:54:28 4.3 Awards
01:56:33 4.3.1 Father of the Nation
01:57:06 4.4 Film, theatre and literature
01:59:35 4.5 Current impact within India
02:01:10 4.6 Descendants
02:01:49 5 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦəndaːs ˈkərəmtʃənd ˈɡaːndʱi] (listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: high-souled, venerable) – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.
Gandhi led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and political protest.
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, howev ...
Auburn Coach Wife Kristi Malzahn Agrees with Match & eHarmony: Men are Jerks
My advice is this: Settle! That's right. Don't worry about passion or intense connection. Don't nix a guy based on his annoying habit of yelling Bravo! in movie theaters. Overlook his halitosis or abysmal sense of aesthetics. Because if you want to have the infrastructure in place to have a family, settling is the way to go. Based on my observations, in fact, settling will probably make you happier in the long run, since many of those who marry with great expectations become more disillusioned with each passing year. (It's hard to maintain that level of zing when the conversation morphs into discussions about who's changing the diapers or balancing the checkbook.)
Obviously, I wasn't always an advocate of settling. In fact, it took not settling to make me realize that settling is the better option, and even though settling is a rampant phenomenon, talking about it in a positive light makes people profoundly uncomfortable. Whenever I make the case for settling, people look at me with creased brows of disapproval or frowns of disappointment, the way a child might look at an older sibling who just informed her that Jerry's Kids aren't going to walk, even if you send them money. It's not only politically incorrect to get behind settling, it's downright un-American. Our culture tells us to keep our eyes on the prize (while our mothers, who know better, tell us not to be so picky), and the theme of holding out for true love (whatever that is—look at the divorce rate) permeates our collective mentality.
Even situation comedies, starting in the 1970s with The Mary Tyler Moore Show and going all the way to Friends, feature endearing single women in the dating trenches, and there's supposed to be something romantic and even heroic about their search for true love. Of course, the crucial difference is that, whereas the earlier series begins after Mary has been jilted by her fiancé, the more modern-day Friends opens as Rachel Green leaves her nice-guy orthodontist fiancé at the altar simply because she isn't feeling it. But either way, in episode after episode, as both women continue to be unlucky in love, settling starts to look pretty darn appealing. Mary is supposed to be contentedly independent and fulfilled by her newsroom family, but in fact her life seems lonely. Are we to assume that at the end of the series, Mary, by then in her late 30s, found her soul mate after the lights in the newsroom went out and her work family was disbanded? If her experience was anything like mine or that of my single friends, it's unlikely.
And while Rachel and her supposed soul mate, Ross, finally get together (for the umpteenth time) in the finale of Friends, do we feel confident that she'll be happier with Ross than she would have been had she settled down with Barry, the orthodontist, 10 years earlier? She and Ross have passion but have never had long-term stability, and the fireworks she experiences with him but not with Barry might actually turn out to be a liability, given how many times their relationship has already gone up in flames. It's equally questionable whether Sex and the City's Carrie Bradshaw, who cheated on her kindhearted and generous boyfriend, Aidan, only to end up with the more exciting but self-absorbed Mr. Big, will be better off in the framework of marriage and family. (Some time after the breakup, when Carrie ran into Aidan on the street, he was carrying his infant in a Baby Björn. Can anyone imagine Mr. Big walking around with a Björn?)
Mahatma Gandhi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mahatma Gandhi
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written
language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through
audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio
while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using
a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment.
This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice.
SUMMARY
=======
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦəndaːs ˈkərəmtʃənd ˈɡaːndʱi] ( listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: high-souled, venerable) – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.
Gandhi led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and political protest.
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, however, was challenged in the early 1940s by a new Muslim nationalism which was demanding a separate Muslim homeland carved out of India. Eventually, in August 1947, Britain granted independence, but the British Indian Empire was partitioned into two dominions, a Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan. As many displaced Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs made their way to their new lands, religious violence broke out, especially in the Punjab and Bengal. Eschewing the official celebration of independence in Delhi, Gandhi visited the affected areas, attempting to provide solace. In the months following, he undertook several fasts unto death to stop religious violence. The last of these, undertaken on 12 January 1948 when he was 78, also had the indirect goal of pressuring India to pay out some cash assets owed to Pakistan. Some Indians thought Gandhi was too accommodating. Among them was Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist, who assassinated Gandhi on 30 January 1948 by firing three bullets into his chest. Captured along with many of his co-conspirators and collaborators, Godse and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte were tried, convicted and executed while many of their other accomplices were given prison sentences.
Gandhi's birthday, 2 October, is commemorated in India as Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of Nonviolence.
Mohandas Gandhi | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Mohandas Gandhi
00:03:25 1 Biography
00:03:34 1.1 Early life and background
00:09:36 1.2 English barrister
00:13:19 1.3 Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)
00:17:39 1.3.1 Europeans, Indians and Africans
00:21:34 1.4 Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947)
00:23:18 1.4.1 Role in World War I
00:24:38 1.5 Champaran and Kheda
00:24:47 1.5.1 Champaran agitations
00:25:32 1.5.2 Kheda agitations
00:26:38 1.5.3 Khilafat movement
00:29:38 1.5.4 Non-co-operation
00:34:16 1.5.5 Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)
00:37:07 1.5.5.1 Gandhi as folk hero
00:38:46 1.5.5.2 Negotiations
00:41:09 1.5.6 Round Table Conferences
00:42:48 1.5.7 Congress politics
00:44:16 1.5.8 World War II and iQuit India movement/i
00:48:23 1.5.9 Partition and independence
00:51:50 1.6 Assassination
00:55:53 1.6.1 Funeral and memorials
00:57:18 2 Principles, practices and beliefs
00:57:50 2.1 Influences
01:00:43 2.1.1 Tolstoy
01:01:53 2.1.2 Shrimad Rajchandra
01:02:59 2.1.3 Religious texts
01:03:54 2.2 On wars and nonviolence
01:04:03 2.2.1 Support for Wars
01:07:13 2.2.2 Truth and Satyagraha
01:12:09 2.2.3 Nonviolence
01:14:35 2.3 On inter-religious relations
01:14:45 2.3.1 Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs
01:15:32 2.3.2 Jews
01:18:11 2.3.3 Christians
01:20:46 2.3.4 Muslims
01:23:33 2.3.4.1 Sufism
01:24:00 2.4 On life, society and other application of his ideas
01:24:12 2.4.1 Vegetarianism, food, and animals
01:26:59 2.4.2 Fasting
01:28:31 2.4.3 Women
01:30:04 2.4.4 Brahmacharya: abstinence from sex and food
01:33:28 2.4.5 Untouchability and castes
01:37:14 2.4.6 Nai Talim, basic education
01:38:37 2.4.7 Swaraj, self-rule
01:40:26 2.4.8 Hindu nationalism and revivalism
01:42:15 2.4.9 Gandhian economics
01:45:29 2.4.10 Gandhism
01:46:49 3 Literary works
01:48:45 4 Legacy and depictions in popular culture
01:49:34 4.1 Followers and international influence
01:53:50 4.2 Global days that celebrate Gandhi
01:54:28 4.3 Awards
01:56:33 4.3.1 Father of the Nation
01:57:06 4.4 Film, theatre and literature
01:59:35 4.5 Current impact within India
02:01:10 4.6 Descendants
02:01:49 5 See also
Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago.
Learning by listening is a great way to:
- increases imagination and understanding
- improves your listening skills
- improves your own spoken accent
- learn while on the move
- reduce eye strain
Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone.
You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at:
You can upload your own Wikipedia articles through:
The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.
- Socrates
SUMMARY
=======
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦəndaːs ˈkərəmtʃənd ˈɡaːndʱi] (listen); 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: high-souled, venerable) – applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa – is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for father, papa) and Gandhi ji, and known as the Father of the Nation.Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for various social causes and for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.
Gandhi led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and political protest.
Gandhi's vision of an independent India based on religious pluralism, however, was cha ...